diff --git a/src/block.ts b/src/block.ts
index b2602dd..92c4fb1 100644
--- a/src/block.ts
+++ b/src/block.ts
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import { Transaction } from './transaction'
 const Buffer = require('safe-buffer').Buffer
 const bcrypto = require('./crypto')
 const fastMerkleRoot = require('merkle-lib/fastRoot')
@@ -9,7 +10,7 @@ const errorMerkleNoTxes = new TypeError('Cannot compute merkle root for zero tra
 const errorWitnessNotSegwit = new TypeError('Cannot compute witness commit for non-segwit block')
 const errorBufferTooSmall = new Error('Buffer too small (< 80 bytes)')
 
-function txesHaveWitness (transactions: Array<any>): boolean {
+function txesHaveWitness (transactions: Array<Transaction>): boolean {
   return transactions !== undefined &&
     transactions instanceof Array &&
     transactions[0] &&
@@ -21,8 +22,6 @@ function txesHaveWitness (transactions: Array<any>): boolean {
     transactions[0].ins[0].witness.length > 0
 }
 
-const Transaction = require('./transaction')
-
 export class Block {
   version: number
   prevHash: Buffer
@@ -31,7 +30,7 @@ export class Block {
   witnessCommit: Buffer
   bits: number
   nonce: number
-  transactions: Array<any>
+  transactions: Array<Transaction>
 
   constructor () {
     this.version = 1
@@ -120,12 +119,12 @@ export class Block {
     return target
   }
 
-  static calculateMerkleRoot (transactions: Array<any>, forWitness: boolean | void): Buffer {
+  static calculateMerkleRoot (transactions: Array<Transaction>, forWitness: boolean | void): Buffer {
     typeforce([{ getHash: types.Function }], transactions)
     if (transactions.length === 0) throw errorMerkleNoTxes
     if (forWitness && !txesHaveWitness(transactions)) throw errorWitnessNotSegwit
 
-    const hashes = transactions.map(transaction => transaction.getHash(forWitness))
+    const hashes = transactions.map(transaction => transaction.getHash((<boolean>forWitness)))
 
     const rootHash = fastMerkleRoot(hashes, bcrypto.hash256)
 
diff --git a/src/index.ts b/src/index.ts
index 4d840a9..389e2b1 100644
--- a/src/index.ts
+++ b/src/index.ts
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ const opcodes = require('bitcoin-ops')
 
 import { Block } from './block'
 import * as ECPair from './ecpair'
-import * as Transaction from './transaction'
+import { Transaction } from './transaction'
 import * as TransactionBuilder from './transaction_builder'
 import * as address from './address'
 import * as bip32 from 'bip32'
diff --git a/src/transaction.ts b/src/transaction.ts
index 4ee08d3..88e4280 100644
--- a/src/transaction.ts
+++ b/src/transaction.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
+import * as bcrypto from './crypto'
 const Buffer = require('safe-buffer').Buffer
-const bcrypto = require('./crypto')
 const bscript = require('./script')
 const bufferutils = require('./bufferutils')
 const opcodes = require('bitcoin-ops')
@@ -7,487 +7,563 @@ const typeforce = require('typeforce')
 const types = require('./types')
 const varuint = require('varuint-bitcoin')
 
-function varSliceSize (someScript) {
+function varSliceSize (someScript: Buffer): number {
   const length = someScript.length
 
   return varuint.encodingLength(length) + length
 }
 
-function vectorSize (someVector) {
+function vectorSize (someVector: Array<Buffer>): number {
   const length = someVector.length
 
-  return varuint.encodingLength(length) + someVector.reduce(function (sum, witness) {
+  return varuint.encodingLength(length) + someVector.reduce((sum, witness) => {
     return sum + varSliceSize(witness)
   }, 0)
 }
 
-function Transaction () {
-  this.version = 1
-  this.locktime = 0
-  this.ins = []
-  this.outs = []
-}
-
-Transaction.DEFAULT_SEQUENCE = 0xffffffff
-Transaction.SIGHASH_ALL = 0x01
-Transaction.SIGHASH_NONE = 0x02
-Transaction.SIGHASH_SINGLE = 0x03
-Transaction.SIGHASH_ANYONECANPAY = 0x80
-Transaction.ADVANCED_TRANSACTION_MARKER = 0x00
-Transaction.ADVANCED_TRANSACTION_FLAG = 0x01
-
-const EMPTY_SCRIPT = Buffer.allocUnsafe(0)
-const EMPTY_WITNESS = []
-const ZERO = Buffer.from('0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000', 'hex')
-const ONE = Buffer.from('0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001', 'hex')
-const VALUE_UINT64_MAX = Buffer.from('ffffffffffffffff', 'hex')
-const BLANK_OUTPUT = {
+const EMPTY_SCRIPT: Buffer = Buffer.allocUnsafe(0)
+const EMPTY_WITNESS: Array<Buffer> = []
+const ZERO: Buffer = Buffer.from('0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000', 'hex')
+const ONE: Buffer = Buffer.from('0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001', 'hex')
+const VALUE_UINT64_MAX: Buffer = Buffer.from('ffffffffffffffff', 'hex')
+const BLANK_OUTPUT: BlankOutput = {
   script: EMPTY_SCRIPT,
   valueBuffer: VALUE_UINT64_MAX
 }
 
-Transaction.fromBuffer = function (buffer, __noStrict) {
-  let offset = 0
-  function readSlice (n) {
-    offset += n
-    return buffer.slice(offset - n, offset)
+function isOutput(out: Output | BlankOutput): out is Output {
+    return (<Output>out).value !== undefined
+}
+
+export type BlankOutput = {
+  script: Buffer
+  valueBuffer: Buffer
+}
+
+export type Output = {
+  script: Buffer
+  value: number
+}
+
+export type Input = {
+  hash: Buffer
+  index: number
+  script: Buffer
+  sequence: number
+  witness: Array<Buffer>
+}
+
+export class Transaction {
+  version: number
+  locktime: number
+  ins: Array<Input>
+  outs: Array<Output | BlankOutput>
+
+  static readonly DEFAULT_SEQUENCE = 0xffffffff
+  static readonly SIGHASH_ALL = 0x01
+  static readonly SIGHASH_NONE = 0x02
+  static readonly SIGHASH_SINGLE = 0x03
+  static readonly SIGHASH_ANYONECANPAY = 0x80
+  static readonly ADVANCED_TRANSACTION_MARKER = 0x00
+  static readonly ADVANCED_TRANSACTION_FLAG = 0x01
+
+  constructor () {
+    this.version = 1
+    this.locktime = 0
+    this.ins = []
+    this.outs = []
   }
+  
+  static fromBuffer (buffer: Buffer, __noStrict: boolean): Transaction {
+    let offset: number = 0
 
-  function readUInt32 () {
-    const i = buffer.readUInt32LE(offset)
-    offset += 4
-    return i
-  }
+    function readSlice (n: number): Buffer {
+      offset += n
+      return buffer.slice(offset - n, offset)
+    }
 
-  function readInt32 () {
-    const i = buffer.readInt32LE(offset)
-    offset += 4
-    return i
-  }
+    function readUInt32 (): number {
+      const i = buffer.readUInt32LE(offset)
+      offset += 4
+      return i
+    }
 
-  function readUInt64 () {
-    const i = bufferutils.readUInt64LE(buffer, offset)
-    offset += 8
-    return i
-  }
+    function readInt32 (): number {
+      const i = buffer.readInt32LE(offset)
+      offset += 4
+      return i
+    }
 
-  function readVarInt () {
-    const vi = varuint.decode(buffer, offset)
-    offset += varuint.decode.bytes
-    return vi
-  }
+    function readUInt64 (): number {
+      const i = bufferutils.readUInt64LE(buffer, offset)
+      offset += 8
+      return i
+    }
 
-  function readVarSlice () {
-    return readSlice(readVarInt())
-  }
+    function readVarInt (): number {
+      const vi = varuint.decode(buffer, offset)
+      offset += varuint.decode.bytes
+      return vi
+    }
 
-  function readVector () {
-    const count = readVarInt()
-    const vector = []
-    for (var i = 0; i < count; i++) vector.push(readVarSlice())
-    return vector
-  }
+    function readVarSlice (): Buffer {
+      return readSlice(readVarInt())
+    }
 
-  const tx = new Transaction()
-  tx.version = readInt32()
+    function readVector (): Array<Buffer> {
+      const count = readVarInt()
+      const vector: Array<Buffer> = []
+      for (var i = 0; i < count; i++) vector.push(readVarSlice())
+      return vector
+    }
 
-  const marker = buffer.readUInt8(offset)
-  const flag = buffer.readUInt8(offset + 1)
+    const tx = new Transaction()
+    tx.version = readInt32()
 
-  let hasWitnesses = false
-  if (marker === Transaction.ADVANCED_TRANSACTION_MARKER &&
+    const marker = buffer.readUInt8(offset)
+    const flag = buffer.readUInt8(offset + 1)
+
+    let hasWitnesses = false
+    if (marker === Transaction.ADVANCED_TRANSACTION_MARKER &&
       flag === Transaction.ADVANCED_TRANSACTION_FLAG) {
-    offset += 2
-    hasWitnesses = true
+      offset += 2
+      hasWitnesses = true
+    }
+
+    const vinLen = readVarInt()
+    for (var i = 0; i < vinLen; ++i) {
+      tx.ins.push({
+        hash: readSlice(32),
+        index: readUInt32(),
+        script: readVarSlice(),
+        sequence: readUInt32(),
+        witness: EMPTY_WITNESS
+      })
+    }
+
+    const voutLen = readVarInt()
+    for (i = 0; i < voutLen; ++i) {
+      tx.outs.push({
+        value: readUInt64(),
+        script: readVarSlice()
+      })
+    }
+
+    if (hasWitnesses) {
+      for (i = 0; i < vinLen; ++i) {
+        tx.ins[i].witness = readVector()
+      }
+
+      // was this pointless?
+      if (!tx.hasWitnesses()) throw new Error('Transaction has superfluous witness data')
+    }
+
+    tx.locktime = readUInt32()
+
+    if (__noStrict) return tx
+    if (offset !== buffer.length) throw new Error('Transaction has unexpected data')
+
+    return tx
   }
 
-  const vinLen = readVarInt()
-  for (var i = 0; i < vinLen; ++i) {
-    tx.ins.push({
-      hash: readSlice(32),
-      index: readUInt32(),
-      script: readVarSlice(),
-      sequence: readUInt32(),
+  static fromHex (hex: string): Transaction {
+    return Transaction.fromBuffer(Buffer.from(hex, 'hex'), false)
+  }
+
+  static isCoinbaseHash (buffer: Buffer): boolean {
+    typeforce(types.Hash256bit, buffer)
+    for (var i = 0; i < 32; ++i) {
+      if (buffer[i] !== 0) return false
+    }
+    return true
+  }
+
+  isCoinbase (): boolean {
+    return this.ins.length === 1 && Transaction.isCoinbaseHash(this.ins[0].hash)
+  }
+
+  addInput (hash: Buffer, index: number, sequence: number, scriptSig: Buffer): number {
+    typeforce(types.tuple(
+      types.Hash256bit,
+      types.UInt32,
+      types.maybe(types.UInt32),
+      types.maybe(types.Buffer)
+    ), arguments)
+
+    if (types.Null(sequence)) {
+      sequence = Transaction.DEFAULT_SEQUENCE
+    }
+
+    // Add the input and return the input's index
+    return (this.ins.push({
+      hash: hash,
+      index: index,
+      script: scriptSig || EMPTY_SCRIPT,
+      sequence: sequence,
       witness: EMPTY_WITNESS
+    }) - 1)
+  }
+
+  addOutput (scriptPubKey: Buffer, value: number): number {
+    typeforce(types.tuple(types.Buffer, types.Satoshi), arguments)
+
+    // Add the output and return the output's index
+    return (this.outs.push({
+      script: scriptPubKey,
+      value: value
+    }) - 1)
+  }
+
+  hasWitnesses (): boolean {
+    return this.ins.some((x) => {
+      return x.witness.length !== 0
     })
   }
 
-  const voutLen = readVarInt()
-  for (i = 0; i < voutLen; ++i) {
-    tx.outs.push({
-      value: readUInt64(),
-      script: readVarSlice()
-    })
+  weight (): number {
+    const base = this.__byteLength(false)
+    const total = this.__byteLength(true)
+    return base * 3 + total
   }
 
-  if (hasWitnesses) {
-    for (i = 0; i < vinLen; ++i) {
-      tx.ins[i].witness = readVector()
-    }
-
-    // was this pointless?
-    if (!tx.hasWitnesses()) throw new Error('Transaction has superfluous witness data')
+  virtualSize (): number {
+    return Math.ceil(this.weight() / 4)
   }
 
-  tx.locktime = readUInt32()
-
-  if (__noStrict) return tx
-  if (offset !== buffer.length) throw new Error('Transaction has unexpected data')
-
-  return tx
-}
-
-Transaction.fromHex = function (hex) {
-  return Transaction.fromBuffer(Buffer.from(hex, 'hex'), undefined)
-}
-
-Transaction.isCoinbaseHash = function (buffer) {
-  typeforce(types.Hash256bit, buffer)
-  for (var i = 0; i < 32; ++i) {
-    if (buffer[i] !== 0) return false
-  }
-  return true
-}
-
-Transaction.prototype.isCoinbase = function () {
-  return this.ins.length === 1 && Transaction.isCoinbaseHash(this.ins[0].hash)
-}
-
-Transaction.prototype.addInput = function (hash, index, sequence, scriptSig) {
-  typeforce(types.tuple(
-    types.Hash256bit,
-    types.UInt32,
-    types.maybe(types.UInt32),
-    types.maybe(types.Buffer)
-  ), arguments)
-
-  if (types.Null(sequence)) {
-    sequence = Transaction.DEFAULT_SEQUENCE
+  byteLength (): number {
+    return this.__byteLength(true)
   }
 
-  // Add the input and return the input's index
-  return (this.ins.push({
-    hash: hash,
-    index: index,
-    script: scriptSig || EMPTY_SCRIPT,
-    sequence: sequence,
-    witness: EMPTY_WITNESS
-  }) - 1)
-}
+  __byteLength (__allowWitness: boolean): number {
+    const hasWitnesses = __allowWitness && this.hasWitnesses()
 
-Transaction.prototype.addOutput = function (scriptPubKey, value) {
-  typeforce(types.tuple(types.Buffer, types.Satoshi), arguments)
+    return (
+      (hasWitnesses ? 10 : 8) +
+      varuint.encodingLength(this.ins.length) +
+      varuint.encodingLength(this.outs.length) +
+      this.ins.reduce((sum, input) => {
+        return sum + 40 + varSliceSize(input.script)
+      }, 0) +
+      this.outs.reduce((sum, output) => {
+        return sum + 8 + varSliceSize(output.script)
+      }, 0) +
+      (hasWitnesses ? this.ins.reduce((sum, input) => {
+        return sum + vectorSize(input.witness)
+      }, 0) : 0)
+    )
+  }
 
-  // Add the output and return the output's index
-  return (this.outs.push({
-    script: scriptPubKey,
-    value: value
-  }) - 1)
-}
+  clone (): Transaction {
+    const newTx = new Transaction()
+    newTx.version = this.version
+    newTx.locktime = this.locktime
 
-Transaction.prototype.hasWitnesses = function () {
-  return this.ins.some(function (x) {
-    return x.witness.length !== 0
-  })
-}
-
-Transaction.prototype.weight = function () {
-  const base = this.__byteLength(false)
-  const total = this.__byteLength(true)
-  return base * 3 + total
-}
-
-Transaction.prototype.virtualSize = function () {
-  return Math.ceil(this.weight() / 4)
-}
-
-Transaction.prototype.byteLength = function () {
-  return this.__byteLength(true)
-}
-
-Transaction.prototype.__byteLength = function (__allowWitness) {
-  const hasWitnesses = __allowWitness && this.hasWitnesses()
-
-  return (
-    (hasWitnesses ? 10 : 8) +
-    varuint.encodingLength(this.ins.length) +
-    varuint.encodingLength(this.outs.length) +
-    this.ins.reduce(function (sum, input) { return sum + 40 + varSliceSize(input.script) }, 0) +
-    this.outs.reduce(function (sum, output) { return sum + 8 + varSliceSize(output.script) }, 0) +
-    (hasWitnesses ? this.ins.reduce(function (sum, input) { return sum + vectorSize(input.witness) }, 0) : 0)
-  )
-}
-
-Transaction.prototype.clone = function () {
-  const newTx = new Transaction()
-  newTx.version = this.version
-  newTx.locktime = this.locktime
-
-  newTx.ins = this.ins.map(function (txIn) {
-    return {
-      hash: txIn.hash,
-      index: txIn.index,
-      script: txIn.script,
-      sequence: txIn.sequence,
-      witness: txIn.witness
-    }
-  })
-
-  newTx.outs = this.outs.map(function (txOut) {
-    return {
-      script: txOut.script,
-      value: txOut.value
-    }
-  })
-
-  return newTx
-}
-
-/**
- * Hash transaction for signing a specific input.
- *
- * Bitcoin uses a different hash for each signed transaction input.
- * This method copies the transaction, makes the necessary changes based on the
- * hashType, and then hashes the result.
- * This hash can then be used to sign the provided transaction input.
- */
-Transaction.prototype.hashForSignature = function (inIndex, prevOutScript, hashType) {
-  typeforce(types.tuple(types.UInt32, types.Buffer, /* types.UInt8 */ types.Number), arguments)
-
-  // https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/master/src/test/sighash_tests.cpp#L29
-  if (inIndex >= this.ins.length) return ONE
-
-  // ignore OP_CODESEPARATOR
-  const ourScript = bscript.compile(bscript.decompile(prevOutScript).filter(function (x) {
-    return x !== opcodes.OP_CODESEPARATOR
-  }))
-
-  const txTmp = this.clone()
-
-  // SIGHASH_NONE: ignore all outputs? (wildcard payee)
-  if ((hashType & 0x1f) === Transaction.SIGHASH_NONE) {
-    txTmp.outs = []
-
-    // ignore sequence numbers (except at inIndex)
-    txTmp.ins.forEach(function (input, i) {
-      if (i === inIndex) return
-
-      input.sequence = 0
+    newTx.ins = this.ins.map((txIn) => {
+      return {
+        hash: txIn.hash,
+        index: txIn.index,
+        script: txIn.script,
+        sequence: txIn.sequence,
+        witness: txIn.witness
+      }
     })
 
-  // SIGHASH_SINGLE: ignore all outputs, except at the same index?
-  } else if ((hashType & 0x1f) === Transaction.SIGHASH_SINGLE) {
-    // https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/master/src/test/sighash_tests.cpp#L60
-    if (inIndex >= this.outs.length) return ONE
+    newTx.outs = this.outs.map((txOut) => {
+      return {
+        script: txOut.script,
+        value: (<Output>txOut).value
+      }
+    })
 
-    // truncate outputs after
-    txTmp.outs.length = inIndex + 1
+    return newTx
+  }
 
-    // "blank" outputs before
-    for (var i = 0; i < inIndex; i++) {
-      txTmp.outs[i] = BLANK_OUTPUT
+  /**
+   * Hash transaction for signing a specific input.
+   *
+   * Bitcoin uses a different hash for each signed transaction input.
+   * This method copies the transaction, makes the necessary changes based on the
+   * hashType, and then hashes the result.
+   * This hash can then be used to sign the provided transaction input.
+   */
+  hashForSignature (inIndex: number, prevOutScript: Buffer, hashType: number): Buffer {
+    typeforce(types.tuple(types.UInt32, types.Buffer, /* types.UInt8 */ types.Number), arguments)
+
+    // https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/master/src/test/sighash_tests.cpp#L29
+    if (inIndex >= this.ins.length) return ONE
+
+    // ignore OP_CODESEPARATOR
+    const ourScript = bscript.compile(bscript.decompile(prevOutScript).filter((x) => {
+      return x !== opcodes.OP_CODESEPARATOR
+    }))
+
+    const txTmp = this.clone()
+
+    // SIGHASH_NONE: ignore all outputs? (wildcard payee)
+    if ((hashType & 0x1f) === Transaction.SIGHASH_NONE) {
+      txTmp.outs = []
+
+      // ignore sequence numbers (except at inIndex)
+      txTmp.ins.forEach((input, i) => {
+        if (i === inIndex) return
+
+        input.sequence = 0
+      })
+
+      // SIGHASH_SINGLE: ignore all outputs, except at the same index?
+    } else if ((hashType & 0x1f) === Transaction.SIGHASH_SINGLE) {
+      // https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/master/src/test/sighash_tests.cpp#L60
+      if (inIndex >= this.outs.length) return ONE
+
+      // truncate outputs after
+      txTmp.outs.length = inIndex + 1
+
+      // "blank" outputs before
+      for (var i = 0; i < inIndex; i++) {
+        txTmp.outs[i] = BLANK_OUTPUT
+      }
+
+      // ignore sequence numbers (except at inIndex)
+      txTmp.ins.forEach((input, y) => {
+        if (y === inIndex) return
+
+        input.sequence = 0
+      })
     }
 
-    // ignore sequence numbers (except at inIndex)
-    txTmp.ins.forEach(function (input, y) {
-      if (y === inIndex) return
+    // SIGHASH_ANYONECANPAY: ignore inputs entirely?
+    if (hashType & Transaction.SIGHASH_ANYONECANPAY) {
+      txTmp.ins = [txTmp.ins[inIndex]]
+      txTmp.ins[0].script = ourScript
 
-      input.sequence = 0
-    })
+      // SIGHASH_ALL: only ignore input scripts
+    } else {
+      // "blank" others input scripts
+      txTmp.ins.forEach((input) => {
+        input.script = EMPTY_SCRIPT
+      })
+      txTmp.ins[inIndex].script = ourScript
+    }
+
+    // serialize and hash
+    const buffer: Buffer = Buffer.allocUnsafe(txTmp.__byteLength(false) + 4)
+    buffer.writeInt32LE(hashType, buffer.length - 4)
+    txTmp.__toBuffer(buffer, 0, false)
+
+    return bcrypto.hash256(buffer)
   }
 
-  // SIGHASH_ANYONECANPAY: ignore inputs entirely?
-  if (hashType & Transaction.SIGHASH_ANYONECANPAY) {
-    txTmp.ins = [txTmp.ins[inIndex]]
-    txTmp.ins[0].script = ourScript
+  hashForWitnessV0 (inIndex: number, prevOutScript: Buffer, value: number, hashType: number): Buffer {
+    typeforce(types.tuple(types.UInt32, types.Buffer, types.Satoshi, types.UInt32), arguments)
 
-  // SIGHASH_ALL: only ignore input scripts
-  } else {
-    // "blank" others input scripts
-    txTmp.ins.forEach(function (input) { input.script = EMPTY_SCRIPT })
-    txTmp.ins[inIndex].script = ourScript
-  }
+    let tbuffer: Buffer = Buffer.from([])
+    let toffset: number = 0
 
-  // serialize and hash
-  const buffer = Buffer.allocUnsafe(txTmp.__byteLength(false) + 4)
-  buffer.writeInt32LE(hashType, buffer.length - 4)
-  txTmp.__toBuffer(buffer, 0, false)
+    function writeSlice (slice: Buffer): void {
+      toffset += slice.copy(tbuffer, toffset)
+    }
 
-  return bcrypto.hash256(buffer)
-}
+    function writeUInt32 (i: number): void {
+      toffset = tbuffer.writeUInt32LE(i, toffset)
+    }
 
-Transaction.prototype.hashForWitnessV0 = function (inIndex, prevOutScript, value, hashType) {
-  typeforce(types.tuple(types.UInt32, types.Buffer, types.Satoshi, types.UInt32), arguments)
+    function writeUInt64 (i: number): void {
+      toffset = bufferutils.writeUInt64LE(tbuffer, i, toffset)
+    }
 
-  let tbuffer, toffset
-  function writeSlice (slice) { toffset += slice.copy(tbuffer, toffset) }
-  function writeUInt32 (i) { toffset = tbuffer.writeUInt32LE(i, toffset) }
-  function writeUInt64 (i) { toffset = bufferutils.writeUInt64LE(tbuffer, i, toffset) }
-  function writeVarInt (i) {
-    varuint.encode(i, tbuffer, toffset)
-    toffset += varuint.encode.bytes
-  }
-  function writeVarSlice (slice) { writeVarInt(slice.length); writeSlice(slice) }
+    function writeVarInt (i: number): void {
+      varuint.encode(i, tbuffer, toffset)
+      toffset += varuint.encode.bytes
+    }
 
-  let hashOutputs = ZERO
-  let hashPrevouts = ZERO
-  let hashSequence = ZERO
+    function writeVarSlice (slice: Buffer): void {
+      writeVarInt(slice.length)
+      writeSlice(slice)
+    }
 
-  if (!(hashType & Transaction.SIGHASH_ANYONECANPAY)) {
-    tbuffer = Buffer.allocUnsafe(36 * this.ins.length)
+    let hashOutputs = ZERO
+    let hashPrevouts = ZERO
+    let hashSequence = ZERO
+
+    if (!(hashType & Transaction.SIGHASH_ANYONECANPAY)) {
+      tbuffer = Buffer.allocUnsafe(36 * this.ins.length)
+      toffset = 0
+
+      this.ins.forEach((txIn) => {
+        writeSlice(txIn.hash)
+        writeUInt32(txIn.index)
+      })
+
+      hashPrevouts = bcrypto.hash256(tbuffer)
+    }
+
+    if (!(hashType & Transaction.SIGHASH_ANYONECANPAY) &&
+      (hashType & 0x1f) !== Transaction.SIGHASH_SINGLE &&
+      (hashType & 0x1f) !== Transaction.SIGHASH_NONE) {
+      tbuffer = Buffer.allocUnsafe(4 * this.ins.length)
+      toffset = 0
+
+      this.ins.forEach((txIn) => {
+        writeUInt32(txIn.sequence)
+      })
+
+      hashSequence = bcrypto.hash256(tbuffer)
+    }
+
+    if ((hashType & 0x1f) !== Transaction.SIGHASH_SINGLE &&
+      (hashType & 0x1f) !== Transaction.SIGHASH_NONE) {
+      const txOutsSize = this.outs.reduce((sum, output) => {
+        return sum + 8 + varSliceSize(output.script)
+      }, 0)
+
+      tbuffer = Buffer.allocUnsafe(txOutsSize)
+      toffset = 0
+
+      this.outs.forEach((out) => {
+        writeUInt64((<Output>out).value)
+        writeVarSlice(out.script)
+      })
+
+      hashOutputs = bcrypto.hash256(tbuffer)
+    } else if ((hashType & 0x1f) === Transaction.SIGHASH_SINGLE && inIndex < this.outs.length) {
+      const output = this.outs[inIndex]
+
+      tbuffer = Buffer.allocUnsafe(8 + varSliceSize(output.script))
+      toffset = 0
+      writeUInt64((<Output>output).value)
+      writeVarSlice(output.script)
+
+      hashOutputs = bcrypto.hash256(tbuffer)
+    }
+
+    tbuffer = Buffer.allocUnsafe(156 + varSliceSize(prevOutScript))
     toffset = 0
 
-    this.ins.forEach(function (txIn) {
+    const input = this.ins[inIndex]
+    writeUInt32(this.version)
+    writeSlice(hashPrevouts)
+    writeSlice(hashSequence)
+    writeSlice(input.hash)
+    writeUInt32(input.index)
+    writeVarSlice(prevOutScript)
+    writeUInt64(value)
+    writeUInt32(input.sequence)
+    writeSlice(hashOutputs)
+    writeUInt32(this.locktime)
+    writeUInt32(hashType)
+    return bcrypto.hash256(tbuffer)
+  }
+
+  getHash (forWitness: boolean): Buffer {
+    // wtxid for coinbase is always 32 bytes of 0x00
+    if (forWitness && this.isCoinbase()) return Buffer.alloc(32, 0)
+    return bcrypto.hash256(this.__toBuffer(undefined, undefined, forWitness))
+  }
+
+  getId (): string {
+    // transaction hash's are displayed in reverse order
+    return Buffer.from(this.getHash(false).reverse()).toString('hex')
+  }
+
+  toBuffer (buffer: Buffer | void, initialOffset: number | void): Buffer {
+    return this.__toBuffer(buffer, initialOffset, true)
+  }
+
+  __toBuffer (buffer: Buffer | void, initialOffset: number | void, __allowWitness: boolean | void): Buffer {
+    if (!buffer) buffer = <Buffer> Buffer.allocUnsafe(this.__byteLength((<boolean>__allowWitness)))
+
+    let offset = initialOffset || 0
+
+    function writeSlice (slice) {
+      offset += slice.copy(buffer, offset)
+    }
+
+    function writeUInt8 (i) {
+      offset = (<Buffer>buffer).writeUInt8(i, offset)
+    }
+
+    function writeUInt32 (i) {
+      offset = (<Buffer>buffer).writeUInt32LE(i, offset)
+    }
+
+    function writeInt32 (i) {
+      offset = (<Buffer>buffer).writeInt32LE(i, offset)
+    }
+
+    function writeUInt64 (i) {
+      offset = bufferutils.writeUInt64LE(buffer, i, offset)
+    }
+
+    function writeVarInt (i) {
+      varuint.encode(i, buffer, offset)
+      offset += varuint.encode.bytes
+    }
+
+    function writeVarSlice (slice) {
+      writeVarInt(slice.length)
+      writeSlice(slice)
+    }
+
+    function writeVector (vector) {
+      writeVarInt(vector.length)
+      vector.forEach(writeVarSlice)
+    }
+
+    writeInt32(this.version)
+
+    const hasWitnesses = __allowWitness && this.hasWitnesses()
+
+    if (hasWitnesses) {
+      writeUInt8(Transaction.ADVANCED_TRANSACTION_MARKER)
+      writeUInt8(Transaction.ADVANCED_TRANSACTION_FLAG)
+    }
+
+    writeVarInt(this.ins.length)
+
+    this.ins.forEach((txIn) => {
       writeSlice(txIn.hash)
       writeUInt32(txIn.index)
-    })
-
-    hashPrevouts = bcrypto.hash256(tbuffer)
-  }
-
-  if (!(hashType & Transaction.SIGHASH_ANYONECANPAY) &&
-       (hashType & 0x1f) !== Transaction.SIGHASH_SINGLE &&
-       (hashType & 0x1f) !== Transaction.SIGHASH_NONE) {
-    tbuffer = Buffer.allocUnsafe(4 * this.ins.length)
-    toffset = 0
-
-    this.ins.forEach(function (txIn) {
+      writeVarSlice(txIn.script)
       writeUInt32(txIn.sequence)
     })
 
-    hashSequence = bcrypto.hash256(tbuffer)
-  }
+    writeVarInt(this.outs.length)
+    this.outs.forEach((txOut) => {
+      if (isOutput(txOut)) {
+        writeUInt64(txOut.value)
+      } else {
+        writeSlice(txOut.valueBuffer)
+      }
 
-  if ((hashType & 0x1f) !== Transaction.SIGHASH_SINGLE &&
-      (hashType & 0x1f) !== Transaction.SIGHASH_NONE) {
-    const txOutsSize = this.outs.reduce(function (sum, output) {
-      return sum + 8 + varSliceSize(output.script)
-    }, 0)
-
-    tbuffer = Buffer.allocUnsafe(txOutsSize)
-    toffset = 0
-
-    this.outs.forEach(function (out) {
-      writeUInt64(out.value)
-      writeVarSlice(out.script)
+      writeVarSlice(txOut.script)
     })
 
-    hashOutputs = bcrypto.hash256(tbuffer)
-  } else if ((hashType & 0x1f) === Transaction.SIGHASH_SINGLE && inIndex < this.outs.length) {
-    const output = this.outs[inIndex]
-
-    tbuffer = Buffer.allocUnsafe(8 + varSliceSize(output.script))
-    toffset = 0
-    writeUInt64(output.value)
-    writeVarSlice(output.script)
-
-    hashOutputs = bcrypto.hash256(tbuffer)
-  }
-
-  tbuffer = Buffer.allocUnsafe(156 + varSliceSize(prevOutScript))
-  toffset = 0
-
-  const input = this.ins[inIndex]
-  writeUInt32(this.version)
-  writeSlice(hashPrevouts)
-  writeSlice(hashSequence)
-  writeSlice(input.hash)
-  writeUInt32(input.index)
-  writeVarSlice(prevOutScript)
-  writeUInt64(value)
-  writeUInt32(input.sequence)
-  writeSlice(hashOutputs)
-  writeUInt32(this.locktime)
-  writeUInt32(hashType)
-  return bcrypto.hash256(tbuffer)
-}
-
-Transaction.prototype.getHash = function () {
-  return bcrypto.hash256(this.__toBuffer(undefined, undefined, false))
-}
-
-Transaction.prototype.getId = function () {
-  // transaction hash's are displayed in reverse order
-  return this.getHash().reverse().toString('hex')
-}
-
-Transaction.prototype.toBuffer = function (buffer, initialOffset) {
-  return this.__toBuffer(buffer, initialOffset, true)
-}
-
-Transaction.prototype.__toBuffer = function (buffer, initialOffset, __allowWitness) {
-  if (!buffer) buffer = Buffer.allocUnsafe(this.__byteLength(__allowWitness))
-
-  let offset = initialOffset || 0
-  function writeSlice (slice) { offset += slice.copy(buffer, offset) }
-  function writeUInt8 (i) { offset = buffer.writeUInt8(i, offset) }
-  function writeUInt32 (i) { offset = buffer.writeUInt32LE(i, offset) }
-  function writeInt32 (i) { offset = buffer.writeInt32LE(i, offset) }
-  function writeUInt64 (i) { offset = bufferutils.writeUInt64LE(buffer, i, offset) }
-  function writeVarInt (i) {
-    varuint.encode(i, buffer, offset)
-    offset += varuint.encode.bytes
-  }
-  function writeVarSlice (slice) { writeVarInt(slice.length); writeSlice(slice) }
-  function writeVector (vector) { writeVarInt(vector.length); vector.forEach(writeVarSlice) }
-
-  writeInt32(this.version)
-
-  const hasWitnesses = __allowWitness && this.hasWitnesses()
-
-  if (hasWitnesses) {
-    writeUInt8(Transaction.ADVANCED_TRANSACTION_MARKER)
-    writeUInt8(Transaction.ADVANCED_TRANSACTION_FLAG)
-  }
-
-  writeVarInt(this.ins.length)
-
-  this.ins.forEach(function (txIn) {
-    writeSlice(txIn.hash)
-    writeUInt32(txIn.index)
-    writeVarSlice(txIn.script)
-    writeUInt32(txIn.sequence)
-  })
-
-  writeVarInt(this.outs.length)
-  this.outs.forEach(function (txOut) {
-    if (!txOut.valueBuffer) {
-      writeUInt64(txOut.value)
-    } else {
-      writeSlice(txOut.valueBuffer)
+    if (hasWitnesses) {
+      this.ins.forEach((input) => {
+        writeVector(input.witness)
+      })
     }
 
-    writeVarSlice(txOut.script)
-  })
+    writeUInt32(this.locktime)
 
-  if (hasWitnesses) {
-    this.ins.forEach(function (input) {
-      writeVector(input.witness)
-    })
+    // avoid slicing unless necessary
+    if (initialOffset !== undefined) return buffer.slice((<number>initialOffset), offset)
+    return buffer
   }
 
-  writeUInt32(this.locktime)
+  toHex () {
+    return this.toBuffer(undefined, undefined).toString('hex')
+  }
 
-  // avoid slicing unless necessary
-  if (initialOffset !== undefined) return buffer.slice(initialOffset, offset)
-  return buffer
+  setInputScript (index, scriptSig) {
+    typeforce(types.tuple(types.Number, types.Buffer), arguments)
+
+    this.ins[index].script = scriptSig
+  }
+
+  setWitness (index, witness) {
+    typeforce(types.tuple(types.Number, [types.Buffer]), arguments)
+
+    this.ins[index].witness = witness
+  }
 }
-
-Transaction.prototype.toHex = function () {
-  return this.toBuffer().toString('hex')
-}
-
-Transaction.prototype.setInputScript = function (index, scriptSig) {
-  typeforce(types.tuple(types.Number, types.Buffer), arguments)
-
-  this.ins[index].script = scriptSig
-}
-
-Transaction.prototype.setWitness = function (index, witness) {
-  typeforce(types.tuple(types.Number, [types.Buffer]), arguments)
-
-  this.ins[index].witness = witness
-}
-
-module.exports = Transaction
-export {}
diff --git a/src/transaction_builder.ts b/src/transaction_builder.ts
index 56368bf..83fbe2b 100644
--- a/src/transaction_builder.ts
+++ b/src/transaction_builder.ts
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+import { Transaction, Output } from './transaction'
+
 const Buffer = require('safe-buffer').Buffer
 const baddress = require('./address')
 const bcrypto = require('./crypto')
@@ -11,7 +13,6 @@ const classify = require('./classify')
 const SCRIPT_TYPES = classify.types
 
 const ECPair = require('./ecpair')
-const Transaction = require('./transaction')
 
 function expandInput (scriptSig, witnessStack, type, scriptPubKey) {
   if (scriptSig.length === 0 && witnessStack.length === 0) return {}
@@ -517,9 +518,9 @@ TransactionBuilder.prototype.addInput = function (txHash, vout, sequence, prevOu
   } else if (txHash instanceof Transaction) {
     const txOut = txHash.outs[vout]
     prevOutScript = txOut.script
-    value = txOut.value
+    value = (<Output>txOut).value
 
-    txHash = txHash.getHash()
+    txHash = txHash.getHash(false)
   }
 
   return this.__addInputUnsafe(txHash, vout, {
diff --git a/test/block.js b/test/block.js
index 07d0741..76b043d 100644
--- a/test/block.js
+++ b/test/block.js
@@ -32,6 +32,9 @@ describe('Block', function () {
         assert.strictEqual(block.version, f.version)
         assert.strictEqual(block.prevHash.toString('hex'), f.prevHash)
         assert.strictEqual(block.merkleRoot.toString('hex'), f.merkleRoot)
+        if (block.witnessCommit) {
+          assert.strictEqual(block.witnessCommit.toString('hex'), f.witnessCommit)
+        }
         assert.strictEqual(block.timestamp, f.timestamp)
         assert.strictEqual(block.bits, f.bits)
         assert.strictEqual(block.nonce, f.nonce)
@@ -113,6 +116,12 @@ describe('Block', function () {
       it('returns ' + f.merkleRoot + ' for ' + f.id, function () {
         assert.strictEqual(Block.calculateMerkleRoot(block.transactions).toString('hex'), f.merkleRoot)
       })
+
+      if (f.witnessCommit) {
+        it('returns witness commit ' + f.witnessCommit + ' for ' + f.id, function () {
+          assert.strictEqual(Block.calculateMerkleRoot(block.transactions, true).toString('hex'), f.witnessCommit)
+        })
+      }
     })
   })
 
@@ -129,6 +138,12 @@ describe('Block', function () {
       it('returns ' + f.valid + ' for ' + f.id, function () {
         assert.strictEqual(block.checkMerkleRoot(), true)
       })
+
+      if (f.witnessCommit) {
+        it('validates witness commit for ' + f.id, function () {
+          assert.strictEqual(block.checkWitnessCommit(), true)
+        })
+      }
     })
   })
 
diff --git a/test/fixtures/block.json b/test/fixtures/block.json
index b4a1cfe..c60685e 100644
--- a/test/fixtures/block.json
+++ b/test/fixtures/block.json
@@ -119,6 +119,21 @@
       "timestamp": 1231006505,
       "valid": true,
       "version": 1
+    },
+    {
+      "description": "Block with witness commit",
+      "bits": 388503969,
+      "hash": "ec61d8d62a4945034a1df40dd3dfda364221c0562c3a14000000000000000000",
+      "height": 542213,
+      "hex": "000000208980ebb11236bacc66c447d5ad961bc546c0f9cc385a08000000000000000000135e9b653aee9a70028aff2db53d4f43f4484ad52558c3ae300410b79cb6a864df50a35ba11928171396e30104010000000001010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000ffffffff5003054608174d696e656420627920416e74506f6f6c393b205ba350dffabe6d6d3a3e92d9efff857664de632e89fa3182f1e793d00be2e71a117b273145945a810400000000000000db250000acba0500ffffffff028a8f814a000000001976a914edf10a7fac6b32e24daa5305c723f3de58db1bc888ac0000000000000000266a24aa21a9ed4a657fcaa2149342376247e2e283a55a6b92dcc35d4d89e4ac7b74488cb63be201200000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000100000001b898273f98d49399ecb5194ffdb1ed15c2fb37cf6d7696b4389bc7d1b76b63db010000006b483045022100e2e9bc1f6bae2deed086e935bb49fd6ac1e13dc3a44c36cd8b9a6f4257efb70d022076537c7021f12d761e1202796029f13798503bc22ab8c2ee8cb98207cbfeb414012102071c2c88e4560b47a03c033c736149a2ddd6071aea54ab85c5169cee156712f8ffffffff02b0710b00000000001976a914849a95fc65eeaa2ac47b6b6fc1f1883edb2c6c9788ace6b62501000000001976a9142964198f7ae9f7b920a2ab7c0b96b90e4ec9b14d88ac000000000100000000010152405e2660055b3540f63424a1b0b3b7bb9bbef10ceec970cd18f6f86f84a7880000000017160014dde2f1a9a4bfda011ba9ec4062990c7e1a531585ffffffff0266d418000000000017a914adc5ec550548f087371e645047170864d5fbdc03877e0400000000000016001441f6746110cc0fec102e83053d4c0ae56fab1bdd02483045022100f93bd5d3529418f60dddd477f169c32ea5ab340c99573438ee7c40d705db9ba20220323f1b4d8840098b1271c95365cdc7e8f81d0bf1fcc568c68fc7de8b871b4bee012103211d047d92547bca4aa116bc51ec4b09188e5991f69f0432fe1b5dfd8947859700000000010000000ac1a19854e5b92792ae96d08eb9f7fc016fb57c51a9047161c342e6b8de8ce721000000006b483045022100fa00a6651015ac807b03d8d54559831db40d80329f46a886b93ca6b3996daf9b02201d0fafccc88c4654a9c3d205ef0828e32376ecb42f79587615203f23fc8f2d42012102a2cda42f6954605e40cbc5601f65673621c057f8c12f16149fbbf632e8be8ed8ffffffffda16ff4a7324f78f16d5e5d4a740168de9df426cf53df569c9a33d1b94e2c25f000000006a4730440220167b4777a23db304f50ac75febfae5db0b1578c90d85769bc76e0f5458484319022023f763e95ea7771c15ea0df91c17519014b2223cd726a3b0a8b1a6f67f99b2bf012103b9492a823f03b70a1750e0fac44f58f5c81e09f4c18d0b28755b44c911ffab5ffffffffff1533f2ea34b859d2be05bbb6859d6105ad4389c911545487187437acae21b70000000006b483045022100be0b8dc174f4136e3fb4f3ccf1a2be67a44d2086179c5726c61a1af010d5232f02205c0fb4cdd7c9cb8698ceed05e688e10a0cbdd0ee5db1a0a2ef92f322e1a60e9f0121020b9f404317cc6ab5a699f607a9bb0acd0bf5588777672f8f7f4c1a13304e9f76ffffffff1395191837aa5b1cfa4cc2a79d6d6bda7d198e8a795a0f7a85f556c446119572000000006b483045022100ef3c61b5ba155b94fd02a96bf788e9a9be2de0ee53e3fe1fa6c24dd9d9aaee12022044c07be54a9c59fed96dfb778da0079f6753ab634d1920bf0fac25ebf7ac49d0012103f93e29be8b393773228f704151964662a91df4c1a3e15364e4cfb38a8cacbda9ffffffff55120f684d5fbb845fd0198cd734e46fc29f40dc8f906bf36743d7f740f5fd7c000000006a4730440220421aef290bbd39a18d1281ecfbb420b43daf2cc1c315b6bb44c895f88cb3cfcc022007a512c65b7768b1505f789b6d78479063d04ffb243072f2061eeb66fb1ade81012102712eea19c72fd644b2698c5480ebe77ce6face0bed64238a34a32085567f2f8efffffffff3553d19ce3156464e9cfa06a5260f9d9d01b16ccad6e2ebaab233ba10472ba6000000006b483045022100a29aea775d2c46028f40dceb1707b23e720bb314cef455854313569200c83162022009d0cdcef2e1f0a9217794991fa838fe6ce2bdc6e3c04ad490343c7e4a0ee7d3012102ed59ec6d98f9c2a4dd1324d46d74c56ff7e15935925f69799e547969a523ea98ffffffff530ab6d95f0d83669bfb12cbe983febe6ca638255139ce2ba0e35887f2fe3db6000000006b483045022100fad9f10989ab4ab019da4f6e430f9fe9ebe76941a9200d7346447358e93b1dce0220756c864b029a64ed9d6eedc13cf8b7d602572fcd7a3d3cb528350bb032d7e3ec012102e3e0c78d034627b1616cf196aa69bfaf20009ba9ebf09cf069453cc0423239e2ffffffff4b8e70824941d965df99703cacadfabcf79bc040029e528ff931e9ba4a7ee4d8000000006b48304502210095f37fb2700c9f96d5e5c02d4b043a7cd804f79dd071d8b221b7ae781f0f5b4e02200ae3135b8bebf813449956ae19e7c02db5eff2472da023afa8b8d4e9baba0cdd01210226cc53dfc0a41cc0cf7117dfd406db2b87161e89e2bab9908a2382173fc6dbe1ffffffff5262129e9881722b217f7e4882ed2b83ee53d9e23b9bc647494c9487ae9fabdf000000006a473044022032361f724fe006079cf37b3df61cb6c51cb0c5fd77f29b61a318134ca4948d0e02202fbe6d484a78730899230244f3662fd5578b87e9eaaccdf9bf8f05d23917de8301210254e84223b3d7f7cfd14315be8fa0c7d7eb1a1a34a672f08e2b8ec134472a66d4ffffffff067040e03288282ebe5db7b705130849c9984458b13ea7ca3c755f07b9d1b9f4000000006b483045022100b78b9c24f5f3e950aba637b827d5b11615c17ae2f43105941d172cc4a8b73c80022064998c17becd06abbcfde47c91b9d87da5ac67873ed9a412010b08b954e0b5cd01210329a0acc2b0d60dd243eef46073a672ed0caf467c92f63ef7293f2036a3851a1effffffff02027f0000000000001976a914c6a396ae979670eeaa6929df3dd1c2d8fba31c3d88ac85a19b020000000017a914409dbd0e9a1ab27853186367130e6aab2509e47f8700000000",
+      "id": "000000000000000000143a2c56c0214236dadfd30df41d4a0345492ad6d861ec",
+      "merkleRoot": "135e9b653aee9a70028aff2db53d4f43f4484ad52558c3ae300410b79cb6a864",
+      "witnessCommit": "4a657fcaa2149342376247e2e283a55a6b92dcc35d4d89e4ac7b74488cb63be2",
+      "nonce": 31692307,
+      "prevHash": "8980ebb11236bacc66c447d5ad961bc546c0f9cc385a08000000000000000000",
+      "timestamp": 1537429727,
+      "valid": true,
+      "version": 536870912
     }
   ],
   "invalid": [
diff --git a/test/transaction.js b/test/transaction.js
index f315a7d..74afc8f 100644
--- a/test/transaction.js
+++ b/test/transaction.js
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ const { describe, it, beforeEach } = require('mocha')
 const assert = require('assert')
 const bscript = require('../dist/src/script')
 const fixtures = require('./fixtures/transaction')
-const Transaction = require('../dist/src/transaction')
+const Transaction = require('..').Transaction
 
 describe('Transaction', function () {
   function fromRaw (raw, noWitness) {
diff --git a/test/transaction_builder.js b/test/transaction_builder.js
index a4b309a..c416846 100644
--- a/test/transaction_builder.js
+++ b/test/transaction_builder.js
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ const bscript = require('../dist/src/script')
 const payments = require('../dist/src/payments')
 
 const ECPair = require('../dist/src/ecpair')
-const Transaction = require('../dist/src/transaction')
+const Transaction = require('..').Transaction
 const TransactionBuilder = require('../dist/src/transaction_builder')
 const NETWORKS = require('../dist/src/networks')