Options creation **************** Options object ============== .. py:class:: rocksdb.Options .. IMPORTANT:: The default values mentioned here, describe the values of the C++ library only. This wrapper does not set any default value itself. So as soon as the rocksdb developers change a default value this document could be outdated. So if you really depend on a default value, double check it with the according version of the C++ library. | Most recent default values should be here | https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/blob/master/include/rocksdb/options.h | https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/blob/master/util/options.cc .. py:method:: __init__(**kwargs) All options mentioned below can also be passed as keyword-arguments in the constructor. For example:: import rocksdb opts = rocksdb.Options(create_if_missing=True) # is the same as opts = rocksdb.Options() opts.create_if_missing = True .. py:attribute:: create_if_missing If ``True``, the database will be created if it is missing. | *Type:* ``bool`` | *Default:* ``False`` .. py:attribute:: error_if_exists If ``True``, an error is raised if the database already exists. | *Type:* ``bool`` | *Default:* ``False`` .. py:attribute:: paranoid_checks If ``True``, the implementation will do aggressive checking of the data it is processing and will stop early if it detects any errors. This may have unforeseen ramifications: for example, a corruption of one DB entry may cause a large number of entries to become unreadable or for the entire DB to become unopenable. If any of the writes to the database fails (Put, Delete, Merge, Write), the database will switch to read-only mode and fail all other Write operations. | *Type:* ``bool`` | *Default:* ``True`` .. py:attribute:: write_buffer_size Amount of data to build up in memory (backed by an unsorted log on disk) before converting to a sorted on-disk file. Larger values increase performance, especially during bulk loads. Up to max_write_buffer_number write buffers may be held in memory at the same time, so you may wish to adjust this parameter to control memory usage. Also, a larger write buffer will result in a longer recovery time the next time the database is opened. | *Type:* ``int`` | *Default:* ``4194304`` .. py:attribute:: max_write_buffer_number The maximum number of write buffers that are built up in memory. The default is 2, so that when 1 write buffer is being flushed to storage, new writes can continue to the other write buffer. | *Type:* ``int`` | *Default:* ``2`` .. py:attribute:: min_write_buffer_number_to_merge The minimum number of write buffers that will be merged together before writing to storage. If set to 1, then all write buffers are fushed to L0 as individual files and this increases read amplification because a get request has to check in all of these files. Also, an in-memory merge may result in writing lesser data to storage if there are duplicate records in each of these individual write buffers. | *Type:* ``int`` | *Default:* ``1`` .. py:attribute:: max_open_files Number of open files that can be used by the DB. You may need to increase this if your database has a large working set. Value -1 means files opened are always kept open. You can estimate number of files based on target_file_size_base and target_file_size_multiplier for level-based compaction. For universal-style compaction, you can usually set it to -1. | *Type:* ``int`` | *Default:* ``5000`` .. py:attribute:: block_cache Control over blocks (user data is stored in a set of blocks, and a block is the unit of reading from disk). If not ``None`` use the specified cache for blocks. If ``None``, rocksdb will automatically create and use an 8MB internal cache. | *Type:* Instace of :py:class:`rocksdb.LRUCache` | *Default:* ``None`` .. py:attribute:: block_cache_compressed If not ``None`` use the specified cache for compressed blocks. If ``None``, rocksdb will not use a compressed block cache. | *Type:* Instace of :py:class:`rocksdb.LRUCache` | *Default:* ``None`` .. py:attribute:: block_size Approximate size of user data packed per block. Note that the block size specified here corresponds to uncompressed data. The actual size of the unit read from disk may be smaller if compression is enabled. This parameter can be changed dynamically. | *Type:* ``int`` | *Default:* ``4096`` .. py:attribute:: block_restart_interval Number of keys between restart points for delta encoding of keys. This parameter can be changed dynamically. Most clients should leave this parameter alone. | *Type:* ``int`` | *Default:* ``16`` .. py:attribute:: compression Compress blocks using the specified compression algorithm. This parameter can be changed dynamically. | *Type:* Member of :py:class:`rocksdb.CompressionType` | *Default:* :py:attr:`rocksdb.CompressionType.snappy_compression` .. py:attribute:: whole_key_filtering If ``True``, place whole keys in the filter (not just prefixes). This must generally be true for gets to be efficient. | *Type:* ``bool`` | *Default:* ``True`` .. py:attribute:: num_levels Number of levels for this database | *Type:* ``int`` | *Default:* ``7`` .. py:attribute:: level0_file_num_compaction_trigger Number of files to trigger level-0 compaction. A value <0 means that level-0 compaction will not be triggered by number of files at all. | *Type:* ``int`` | *Default:* ``4`` .. py:attribute:: level0_slowdown_writes_trigger Soft limit on number of level-0 files. We start slowing down writes at this point. A value <0 means that no writing slow down will be triggered by number of files in level-0. | *Type:* ``int`` | *Default:* ``20`` .. py:attribute:: level0_stop_writes_trigger Maximum number of level-0 files. We stop writes at this point. | *Type:* ``int`` | *Default:* ``24`` .. py:attribute:: max_mem_compaction_level Maximum level to which a new compacted memtable is pushed if it does not create overlap. We try to push to level 2 to avoid the relatively expensive level 0=>1 compactions and to avoid some expensive manifest file operations. We do not push all the way to the largest level since that can generate a lot of wasted disk space if the same key space is being repeatedly overwritten. | *Type:* ``int`` | *Default:* ``2`` .. py:attribute:: target_file_size_base | Target file size for compaction. | target_file_size_base is per-file size for level-1. | Target file size for level L can be calculated by | target_file_size_base * (target_file_size_multiplier ^ (L-1)). For example, if target_file_size_base is 2MB and target_file_size_multiplier is 10, then each file on level-1 will be 2MB, and each file on level 2 will be 20MB, and each file on level-3 will be 200MB. | *Type:* ``int`` | *Default:* ``2097152`` .. py:attribute:: target_file_size_multiplier | by default target_file_size_multiplier is 1, which means | by default files in different levels will have similar size. | *Type:* ``int`` | *Default:* ``1`` .. py:attribute:: max_bytes_for_level_base Control maximum total data size for a level. *max_bytes_for_level_base* is the max total for level-1. Maximum number of bytes for level L can be calculated as (*max_bytes_for_level_base*) * (*max_bytes_for_level_multiplier* ^ (L-1)) For example, if *max_bytes_for_level_base* is 20MB, and if *max_bytes_for_level_multiplier* is 10, total data size for level-1 will be 20MB, total file size for level-2 will be 200MB, and total file size for level-3 will be 2GB. | *Type:* ``int`` | *Default:* ``10485760`` .. py:attribute:: max_bytes_for_level_multiplier See :py:attr:`max_bytes_for_level_base` | *Type:* ``int`` | *Default:* ``10`` .. py:attribute:: max_bytes_for_level_multiplier_additional Different max-size multipliers for different levels. These are multiplied by max_bytes_for_level_multiplier to arrive at the max-size of each level. | *Type:* ``[int]`` | *Default:* ``[1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1]`` .. py:attribute:: expanded_compaction_factor Maximum number of bytes in all compacted files. We avoid expanding the lower level file set of a compaction if it would make the total compaction cover more than (expanded_compaction_factor * targetFileSizeLevel()) many bytes. | *Type:* ``int`` | *Default:* ``25`` .. py:attribute:: source_compaction_factor Maximum number of bytes in all source files to be compacted in a single compaction run. We avoid picking too many files in the source level so that we do not exceed the total source bytes for compaction to exceed (source_compaction_factor * targetFileSizeLevel()) many bytes. If 1 pick maxfilesize amount of data as the source of a compaction. | *Type:* ``int`` | *Default:* ``1`` .. py:attribute:: max_grandparent_overlap_factor Control maximum bytes of overlaps in grandparent (i.e., level+2) before we stop building a single file in a level->level+1 compaction. | *Type:* ``int`` | *Default:* ``10`` .. py:attribute:: disable_data_sync If true, then the contents of data files are not synced to stable storage. Their contents remain in the OS buffers till the OS decides to flush them. This option is good for bulk-loading of data. Once the bulk-loading is complete, please issue a sync to the OS to flush all dirty buffesrs to stable storage. | *Type:* ``bool`` | *Default:* ``False`` .. py:attribute:: use_fsync If true, then every store to stable storage will issue a fsync. If false, then every store to stable storage will issue a fdatasync. This parameter should be set to true while storing data to filesystem like ext3 that can lose files after a reboot. | *Type:* ``bool`` | *Default:* ``False`` .. py:attribute:: db_stats_log_interval This number controls how often a new scribe log about db deploy stats is written out. -1 indicates no logging at all. | *Type:* ``int`` | *Default:* ``1800`` .. py:attribute:: db_log_dir This specifies the info LOG dir. If it is empty, the log files will be in the same dir as data. If it is non empty, the log files will be in the specified dir, and the db data dir's absolute path will be used as the log file name's prefix. | *Type:* ``unicode`` | *Default:* ``""`` .. py:attribute:: wal_dir This specifies the absolute dir path for write-ahead logs (WAL). If it is empty, the log files will be in the same dir as data, dbname is used as the data dir by default. If it is non empty, the log files will be in kept the specified dir. When destroying the db, all log files in wal_dir and the dir itself is deleted | *Type:* ``unicode`` | *Default:* ``""`` .. py:attribute:: disable_seek_compaction Disable compaction triggered by seek. With bloomfilter and fast storage, a miss on one level is very cheap if the file handle is cached in table cache (which is true if max_open_files is large). | *Type:* ``bool`` | *Default:* ``True`` .. py:attribute:: delete_obsolete_files_period_micros The periodicity when obsolete files get deleted. The default value is 6 hours. The files that get out of scope by compaction process will still get automatically delete on every compaction, regardless of this setting | *Type:* ``int`` | *Default:* ``21600000000`` .. py:attribute:: max_background_compactions Maximum number of concurrent background jobs, submitted to the default LOW priority thread pool | *Type:* ``int`` | *Default:* ``1`` .. py:attribute:: max_background_flushes Maximum number of concurrent background memtable flush jobs, submitted to the HIGH priority thread pool. By default, all background jobs (major compaction and memtable flush) go to the LOW priority pool. If this option is set to a positive number, memtable flush jobs will be submitted to the HIGH priority pool. It is important when the same Env is shared by multiple db instances. Without a separate pool, long running major compaction jobs could potentially block memtable flush jobs of other db instances, leading to unnecessary Put stalls. | *Type:* ``int`` | *Default:* ``1`` .. py:attribute:: max_log_file_size Specify the maximal size of the info log file. If the log file is larger than `max_log_file_size`, a new info log file will be created. If max_log_file_size == 0, all logs will be written to one log file. | *Type:* ``int`` | *Default:* ``0`` .. py:attribute:: log_file_time_to_roll Time for the info log file to roll (in seconds). If specified with non-zero value, log file will be rolled if it has been active longer than `log_file_time_to_roll`. A value of ``0`` means disabled. | *Type:* ``int`` | *Default:* ``0`` .. py:attribute:: keep_log_file_num Maximal info log files to be kept. | *Type:* ``int`` | *Default:* ``1000`` .. py:attribute:: soft_rate_limit Puts are delayed 0-1 ms when any level has a compaction score that exceeds soft_rate_limit. This is ignored when == 0.0. CONSTRAINT: soft_rate_limit <= hard_rate_limit. If this constraint does not hold, RocksDB will set soft_rate_limit = hard_rate_limit. A value of ``0`` means disabled. | *Type:* ``float`` | *Default:* ``0`` .. py:attribute:: hard_rate_limit Puts are delayed 1ms at a time when any level has a compaction score that exceeds hard_rate_limit. This is ignored when <= 1.0. A value fo ``0`` means disabled. | *Type:* ``float`` | *Default:* ``0`` .. py:attribute:: rate_limit_delay_max_milliseconds Max time a put will be stalled when hard_rate_limit is enforced. If 0, then there is no limit. | *Type:* ``int`` | *Default:* ``1000`` .. py:attribute:: max_manifest_file_size manifest file is rolled over on reaching this limit. The older manifest file be deleted. The default value is MAX_INT so that roll-over does not take place. | *Type:* ``int`` | *Default:* ``(2**64) - 1`` .. py:attribute:: no_block_cache Disable block cache. If this is set to true, then no block cache should be used, and the block_cache should point to ``None`` | *Type:* ``bool`` | *Default:* ``False`` .. py:attribute:: table_cache_numshardbits Number of shards used for table cache. | *Type:* ``int`` | *Default:* ``4`` .. py:attribute:: table_cache_remove_scan_count_limit During data eviction of table's LRU cache, it would be inefficient to strictly follow LRU because this piece of memory will not really be released unless its refcount falls to zero. Instead, make two passes: the first pass will release items with refcount = 1, and if not enough space releases after scanning the number of elements specified by this parameter, we will remove items in LRU order. | *Type:* ``int`` | *Default:* ``16`` .. py:attribute:: arena_block_size size of one block in arena memory allocation. If <= 0, a proper value is automatically calculated (usually 1/10 of writer_buffer_size). | *Type:* ``int`` | *Default:* ``0`` .. py:attribute:: disable_auto_compactions Disable automatic compactions. Manual compactions can still be issued on this database. | *Type:* ``bool`` | *Default:* ``False`` .. py:attribute:: wal_ttl_seconds, wal_size_limit_mb The following two fields affect how archived logs will be deleted. 1. If both set to 0, logs will be deleted asap and will not get into the archive. 2. If wal_ttl_seconds is 0 and wal_size_limit_mb is not 0, WAL files will be checked every 10 min and if total size is greater then wal_size_limit_mb, they will be deleted starting with the earliest until size_limit is met. All empty files will be deleted. 3. If wal_ttl_seconds is not 0 and wal_size_limit_mb is 0, then WAL files will be checked every wal_ttl_secondsi / 2 and those that are older than wal_ttl_seconds will be deleted. 4. If both are not 0, WAL files will be checked every 10 min and both checks will be performed with ttl being first. | *Type:* ``int`` | *Default:* ``0`` .. py:attribute:: manifest_preallocation_size Number of bytes to preallocate (via fallocate) the manifest files. Default is 4mb, which is reasonable to reduce random IO as well as prevent overallocation for mounts that preallocate large amounts of data (such as xfs's allocsize option). | *Type:* ``int`` | *Default:* ``4194304`` .. py:attribute:: purge_redundant_kvs_while_flush Purge duplicate/deleted keys when a memtable is flushed to storage. | *Type:* ``bool`` | *Default:* ``True`` .. py:attribute:: allow_os_buffer Data being read from file storage may be buffered in the OS | *Type:* ``bool`` | *Default:* ``True`` .. py:attribute:: allow_mmap_reads Allow the OS to mmap file for reading sst tables | *Type:* ``bool`` | *Default:* ``True`` .. py:attribute:: allow_mmap_writes Allow the OS to mmap file for writing | *Type:* ``bool`` | *Default:* ``False`` .. py:attribute:: is_fd_close_on_exec Disable child process inherit open files | *Type:* ``bool`` | *Default:* ``True`` .. py:attribute:: skip_log_error_on_recovery Skip log corruption error on recovery (If client is ok with losing most recent changes) | *Type:* ``bool`` | *Default:* ``False`` .. py:attribute:: stats_dump_period_sec If not zero, dump rocksdb.stats to LOG every stats_dump_period_sec | *Type:* ``int`` | *Default:* ``3600`` .. py:attribute:: block_size_deviation This is used to close a block before it reaches the configured 'block_size'. If the percentage of free space in the current block is less than this specified number and adding a new record to the block will exceed the configured block size, then this block will be closed and the new record will be written to the next block. | *Type:* ``int`` | *Default:* ``10`` .. py:attribute:: advise_random_on_open If set true, will hint the underlying file system that the file access pattern is random, when a sst file is opened. | *Type:* ``bool`` | *Default:* ``True`` .. py:attribute:: use_adaptive_mutex Use adaptive mutex, which spins in the user space before resorting to kernel. This could reduce context switch when the mutex is not heavily contended. However, if the mutex is hot, we could end up wasting spin time. | *Type:* ``bool`` | *Default:* ``False`` .. py:attribute:: bytes_per_sync Allows OS to incrementally sync files to disk while they are being written, asynchronously, in the background. Issue one request for every bytes_per_sync written. 0 turns it off. | *Type:* ``int`` | *Default:* ``0`` .. py:attribute:: verify_checksums_in_compaction If ``True``, compaction will verify checksum on every read that happens as part of compaction. | *Type:* ``bool`` | *Default:* ``True`` .. py:attribute:: filter_deletes Use KeyMayExist API to filter deletes when this is true. If KeyMayExist returns false, i.e. the key definitely does not exist, then the delete is a noop. KeyMayExist only incurs in-memory look up. This optimization avoids writing the delete to storage when appropriate. | *Type:* ``bool`` | *Default:* ``False`` .. py:attribute:: max_sequential_skip_in_iterations An iteration->Next() sequentially skips over keys with the same user-key unless this option is set. This number specifies the number of keys (with the same userkey) that will be sequentially skipped before a reseek is issued. | *Type:* ``int`` | *Default:* ``8`` .. py:attribute:: table_factory Factory for the files forming the persisten data storage. Sometimes they are also named SST-Files. Right now you can assign instances of the following classes * :py:class:`rocksdb.BlockBasedTableFactory` * :py:class:`rocksdb.PlainTableFactory` * :py:class:`rocksdb.TotalOrderPlainTableFactory` *Default:* :py:class:`rocksdb.BlockBasedTableFactory` .. py:attribute:: inplace_update_support Allows thread-safe inplace updates. Requires Updates if * key exists in current memtable * new sizeof(new_value) <= sizeof(old_value) * old_value for that key is a put i.e. kTypeValue | *Type:* ``bool`` | *Default:* ``False`` .. py:attribute:: inplace_update_num_locks | Number of locks used for inplace update. | Default: 10000, if inplace_update_support = true, else 0. | *Type:* ``int`` | *Default:* ``10000`` .. py:attribute:: comparator Comparator used to define the order of keys in the table. A python comparator must implement the :py:class:`rocksdb.interfaces.Comparator` interface. *Requires*: The client must ensure that the comparator supplied here has the same name and orders keys *exactly* the same as the comparator provided to previous open calls on the same DB. *Default:* :py:class:`rocksdb.BytewiseComparator` .. py:attribute:: merge_operator The client must provide a merge operator if Merge operation needs to be accessed. Calling Merge on a DB without a merge operator would result in :py:exc:`rocksdb.errors.NotSupported`. The client must ensure that the merge operator supplied here has the same name and *exactly* the same semantics as the merge operator provided to previous open calls on the same DB. The only exception is reserved for upgrade, where a DB previously without a merge operator is introduced to Merge operation for the first time. It's necessary to specify a merge operator when openning the DB in this case. A python merge operator must implement the :py:class:`rocksdb.interfaces.MergeOperator` or :py:class:`rocksdb.interfaces.AssociativeMergeOperator` interface. *Default:* ``None`` .. py:attribute:: filter_policy If not ``None`` use the specified filter policy to reduce disk reads. A python filter policy must implement the :py:class:`rocksdb.interfaces.FilterPolicy` interface. Recommendes is a instance of :py:class:`rocksdb.BloomFilterPolicy` *Default:* ``None`` .. py:attribute:: prefix_extractor If not ``None``, use the specified function to determine the prefixes for keys. These prefixes will be placed in the filter. Depending on the workload, this can reduce the number of read-IOP cost for scans when a prefix is passed to the calls generating an iterator (:py:meth:`rocksdb.DB.iterkeys` ...). A python prefix_extractor must implement the :py:class:`rocksdb.interfaces.SliceTransform` interface For prefix filtering to work properly, "prefix_extractor" and "comparator" must be such that the following properties hold: 1. ``key.starts_with(prefix(key))`` 2. ``compare(prefix(key), key) <= 0`` 3. ``If compare(k1, k2) <= 0, then compare(prefix(k1), prefix(k2)) <= 0`` 4. ``prefix(prefix(key)) == prefix(key)`` *Default:* ``None`` CompressionTypes ================ .. py:class:: rocksdb.CompressionType Defines the support compression types .. py:attribute:: no_compression .. py:attribute:: snappy_compression .. py:attribute:: zlib_compression .. py:attribute:: bzip2_compression BytewiseComparator ================== .. py:class:: rocksdb.BytewiseComparator Wraps the rocksdb Bytewise Comparator, it uses lexicographic byte-wise ordering BloomFilterPolicy ================= .. py:class:: rocksdb.BloomFilterPolicy Wraps the rocksdb BloomFilter Policy .. py:method:: __init__(bits_per_key) :param int bits_per_key: Specifies the approximately number of bits per key. A good value for bits_per_key is 10, which yields a filter with ~ 1% false positive rate. LRUCache ======== .. py:class:: rocksdb.LRUCache Wraps the rocksdb LRUCache .. py:method:: __init__(capacity, shard_bits=None, rm_scan_count_limit=None) Create a new cache with a fixed size capacity. The cache is sharded to 2^numShardBits shards, by hash of the key. The total capacity is divided and evenly assigned to each shard. Inside each shard, the eviction is done in two passes: first try to free spaces by evicting entries that are among the most least used removeScanCountLimit entries and do not have reference other than by the cache itself, in the least-used order. If not enough space is freed, further free the entries in least used order. TableFactories ============== Currently RocksDB supports two types of tables: plain table and block-based table. Instances of this classes can assigned to :py:attr:`rocksdb.Options.table_factory` * *Block-based table:* This is the default table type that RocksDB inherited from LevelDB. It was designed for storing data in hard disk or flash device. * *Plain table:* It is one of RocksDB's SST file format optimized for low query latency on pure-memory or really low-latency media. Tutorial of rocksdb table formats is available here: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/wiki/A-Tutorial-of-RocksDB-SST-formats .. py:class:: rocksdb.BlockBasedTableFactory Wraps BlockBasedTableFactory of RocksDB. .. py:class:: rocksdb.PlainTableFactory Plain Table with prefix-only seek. It wraps rocksdb PlainTableFactory. For this factory, you need to set :py:attr:`rocksdb.Options.prefix_extractor` properly to make it work. Look-up will start with prefix hash lookup for key prefix. Inside the hash bucket found, a binary search is executed for hash conflicts. Finally, a linear search is used. .. py:method:: __init__(user_key_len=0, bloom_bits_per_prefix=10, hash_table_ratio=0.75, index_sparseness=10) :param int user_key_len: Plain table has optimization for fix-sized keys, which can be specified via user_key_len. Alternatively, you can pass `0` if your keys have variable lengths. :param int bloom_bits_per_key: The number of bits used for bloom filer per prefix. You may disable it by passing `0`. :param float hash_table_ratio: The desired utilization of the hash table used for prefix hashing. hash_table_ratio = number of prefixes / #buckets in the hash table. :param int index_sparseness: Inside each prefix, need to build one index record for how many keys for binary search inside each hash bucket. .. py:class:: rocksdb.TotalOrderPlainTableFactory This factory of plain table ignores Options.prefix_extractor and assumes no hashable prefix available to the key structure. Lookup will be based on binary search index only. Total order seek() can be issued. .. py:method:: __init__(user_key_len=0, bloom_bits_per_key=0, index_sparseness=16) :param int user_key_len: Plain table has optimization for fix-sized keys, which can be specified via user_key_len. Alternatively, you can pass `0` if your keys have variable lengths. :param int bloom_bits_per_key: The number of bits used for bloom filer per key. You may disable it by passing a zero. :param int index_sparseness: Need to build one index record for how many keys for binary search.