diff --git a/src/main.cpp b/src/main.cpp
index 9c0f25950..5e17ec625 100644
--- a/src/main.cpp
+++ b/src/main.cpp
@@ -2768,10 +2768,9 @@ bool static DisconnectTip(CValidationState& state, const CChainParams& chainpara
         std::vector<uint256> vHashUpdate;
         BOOST_FOREACH(const CTransaction &tx, block.vtx) {
             // ignore validation errors in resurrected transactions
-            list<CTransaction> removed;
             CValidationState stateDummy;
             if (tx.IsCoinBase() || !AcceptToMemoryPool(mempool, stateDummy, tx, false, NULL, true)) {
-                mempool.removeRecursive(tx, removed);
+                mempool.removeRecursive(tx);
             } else if (mempool.exists(tx.GetHash())) {
                 vHashUpdate.push_back(tx.GetHash());
             }
@@ -2804,7 +2803,7 @@ static int64_t nTimePostConnect = 0;
  * Connect a new block to chainActive. pblock is either NULL or a pointer to a CBlock
  * corresponding to pindexNew, to bypass loading it again from disk.
  */
-bool static ConnectTip(CValidationState& state, const CChainParams& chainparams, CBlockIndex* pindexNew, const CBlock* pblock, std::list<CTransaction> &txConflicted, std::vector<std::tuple<CTransaction,CBlockIndex*,int>> &txChanged)
+bool static ConnectTip(CValidationState& state, const CChainParams& chainparams, CBlockIndex* pindexNew, const CBlock* pblock, std::vector<std::shared_ptr<const CTransaction>> &txConflicted, std::vector<std::tuple<CTransaction,CBlockIndex*,int>> &txChanged)
 {
     assert(pindexNew->pprev == chainActive.Tip());
     // Read block from disk.
@@ -2840,7 +2839,7 @@ bool static ConnectTip(CValidationState& state, const CChainParams& chainparams,
     int64_t nTime5 = GetTimeMicros(); nTimeChainState += nTime5 - nTime4;
     LogPrint("bench", "  - Writing chainstate: %.2fms [%.2fs]\n", (nTime5 - nTime4) * 0.001, nTimeChainState * 0.000001);
     // Remove conflicting transactions from the mempool.;
-    mempool.removeForBlock(pblock->vtx, pindexNew->nHeight, txConflicted, !IsInitialBlockDownload());
+    mempool.removeForBlock(pblock->vtx, pindexNew->nHeight, &txConflicted, !IsInitialBlockDownload());
     // Update chainActive & related variables.
     UpdateTip(pindexNew, chainparams);
 
@@ -2927,7 +2926,7 @@ static void PruneBlockIndexCandidates() {
  * Try to make some progress towards making pindexMostWork the active block.
  * pblock is either NULL or a pointer to a CBlock corresponding to pindexMostWork.
  */
-static bool ActivateBestChainStep(CValidationState& state, const CChainParams& chainparams, CBlockIndex* pindexMostWork, const CBlock* pblock, bool& fInvalidFound, std::list<CTransaction>& txConflicted, std::vector<std::tuple<CTransaction,CBlockIndex*,int>>& txChanged)
+static bool ActivateBestChainStep(CValidationState& state, const CChainParams& chainparams, CBlockIndex* pindexMostWork, const CBlock* pblock, bool& fInvalidFound, std::vector<std::shared_ptr<const CTransaction>>& txConflicted, std::vector<std::tuple<CTransaction,CBlockIndex*,int>>& txChanged)
 {
     AssertLockHeld(cs_main);
     const CBlockIndex *pindexOldTip = chainActive.Tip();
@@ -3038,7 +3037,7 @@ bool ActivateBestChain(CValidationState &state, const CChainParams& chainparams,
             break;
 
         const CBlockIndex *pindexFork;
-        std::list<CTransaction> txConflicted;
+        std::vector<std::shared_ptr<const CTransaction>> txConflicted;
         bool fInitialDownload;
         {
             LOCK(cs_main);
@@ -3069,9 +3068,9 @@ bool ActivateBestChain(CValidationState &state, const CChainParams& chainparams,
 
         // throw all transactions though the signal-interface
         // while _not_ holding the cs_main lock
-        BOOST_FOREACH(const CTransaction &tx, txConflicted)
+        for(std::shared_ptr<const CTransaction> tx : txConflicted)
         {
-            GetMainSignals().SyncTransaction(tx, pindexNewTip, CMainSignals::SYNC_TRANSACTION_NOT_IN_BLOCK);
+            GetMainSignals().SyncTransaction(*tx, pindexNewTip, CMainSignals::SYNC_TRANSACTION_NOT_IN_BLOCK);
         }
         // ... and about transactions that got confirmed:
         for(unsigned int i = 0; i < txChanged.size(); i++)
diff --git a/src/test/blockencodings_tests.cpp b/src/test/blockencodings_tests.cpp
index 7530b013b..b0d918481 100644
--- a/src/test/blockencodings_tests.cpp
+++ b/src/test/blockencodings_tests.cpp
@@ -80,8 +80,8 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(SimpleRoundTripTest)
 
         BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(pool.mapTx.find(block.vtx[2].GetHash())->GetSharedTx().use_count(), SHARED_TX_OFFSET + 1);
 
-        std::list<CTransaction> removed;
-        pool.removeRecursive(block.vtx[2], removed);
+        std::vector<std::shared_ptr<const CTransaction>> removed;
+        pool.removeRecursive(block.vtx[2], &removed);
         BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(removed.size(), 1);
 
         CBlock block2;
diff --git a/src/test/mempool_tests.cpp b/src/test/mempool_tests.cpp
index 033a50f94..555d36faa 100644
--- a/src/test/mempool_tests.cpp
+++ b/src/test/mempool_tests.cpp
@@ -55,15 +55,15 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(MempoolRemoveTest)
 
 
     CTxMemPool testPool(CFeeRate(0));
-    std::list<CTransaction> removed;
+    std::vector<std::shared_ptr<const CTransaction>> removed;
 
     // Nothing in pool, remove should do nothing:
-    testPool.removeRecursive(txParent, removed);
+    testPool.removeRecursive(txParent, &removed);
     BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(removed.size(), 0);
 
     // Just the parent:
     testPool.addUnchecked(txParent.GetHash(), entry.FromTx(txParent));
-    testPool.removeRecursive(txParent, removed);
+    testPool.removeRecursive(txParent, &removed);
     BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(removed.size(), 1);
     removed.clear();
     
@@ -75,16 +75,16 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(MempoolRemoveTest)
         testPool.addUnchecked(txGrandChild[i].GetHash(), entry.FromTx(txGrandChild[i]));
     }
     // Remove Child[0], GrandChild[0] should be removed:
-    testPool.removeRecursive(txChild[0], removed);
+    testPool.removeRecursive(txChild[0], &removed);
     BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(removed.size(), 2);
     removed.clear();
     // ... make sure grandchild and child are gone:
-    testPool.removeRecursive(txGrandChild[0], removed);
+    testPool.removeRecursive(txGrandChild[0], &removed);
     BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(removed.size(), 0);
-    testPool.removeRecursive(txChild[0], removed);
+    testPool.removeRecursive(txChild[0], &removed);
     BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(removed.size(), 0);
     // Remove parent, all children/grandchildren should go:
-    testPool.removeRecursive(txParent, removed);
+    testPool.removeRecursive(txParent, &removed);
     BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(removed.size(), 5);
     BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(testPool.size(), 0);
     removed.clear();
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(MempoolRemoveTest)
     }
     // Now remove the parent, as might happen if a block-re-org occurs but the parent cannot be
     // put into the mempool (maybe because it is non-standard):
-    testPool.removeRecursive(txParent, removed);
+    testPool.removeRecursive(txParent, &removed);
     BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(removed.size(), 6);
     BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(testPool.size(), 0);
     removed.clear();
@@ -281,12 +281,11 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(MempoolIndexingTest)
     BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(pool.size(), 10);
 
     // Now try removing tx10 and verify the sort order returns to normal
-    std::list<CTransaction> removed;
-    pool.removeRecursive(pool.mapTx.find(tx10.GetHash())->GetTx(), removed);
+    pool.removeRecursive(pool.mapTx.find(tx10.GetHash())->GetTx());
     CheckSort<descendant_score>(pool, snapshotOrder);
 
-    pool.removeRecursive(pool.mapTx.find(tx9.GetHash())->GetTx(), removed);
-    pool.removeRecursive(pool.mapTx.find(tx8.GetHash())->GetTx(), removed);
+    pool.removeRecursive(pool.mapTx.find(tx9.GetHash())->GetTx());
+    pool.removeRecursive(pool.mapTx.find(tx8.GetHash())->GetTx());
     /* Now check the sort on the mining score index.
      * Final order should be:
      *
@@ -413,8 +412,7 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(MempoolAncestorIndexingTest)
     /* after tx6 is mined, tx7 should move up in the sort */
     std::vector<CTransaction> vtx;
     vtx.push_back(tx6);
-    std::list<CTransaction> dummy;
-    pool.removeForBlock(vtx, 1, dummy, false);
+    pool.removeForBlock(vtx, 1, NULL, false);
 
     sortedOrder.erase(sortedOrder.begin()+1);
     sortedOrder.pop_back();
@@ -549,12 +547,12 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(MempoolSizeLimitTest)
     pool.addUnchecked(tx7.GetHash(), entry.Fee(9000LL).FromTx(tx7, &pool));
 
     std::vector<CTransaction> vtx;
-    std::list<CTransaction> conflicts;
+    std::vector<std::shared_ptr<const CTransaction>> conflicts;
     SetMockTime(42);
     SetMockTime(42 + CTxMemPool::ROLLING_FEE_HALFLIFE);
     BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(pool.GetMinFee(1).GetFeePerK(), maxFeeRateRemoved.GetFeePerK() + 1000);
     // ... we should keep the same min fee until we get a block
-    pool.removeForBlock(vtx, 1, conflicts);
+    pool.removeForBlock(vtx, 1);
     SetMockTime(42 + 2*CTxMemPool::ROLLING_FEE_HALFLIFE);
     BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(pool.GetMinFee(1).GetFeePerK(), (maxFeeRateRemoved.GetFeePerK() + 1000)/2);
     // ... then feerate should drop 1/2 each halflife
diff --git a/src/test/miner_tests.cpp b/src/test/miner_tests.cpp
index d6d7b5716..a94979fd7 100644
--- a/src/test/miner_tests.cpp
+++ b/src/test/miner_tests.cpp
@@ -137,8 +137,7 @@ void TestPackageSelection(const CChainParams& chainparams, CScript scriptPubKey,
     // Test that packages above the min relay fee do get included, even if one
     // of the transactions is below the min relay fee
     // Remove the low fee transaction and replace with a higher fee transaction
-    std::list<CTransaction> dummy;
-    mempool.removeRecursive(tx, dummy);
+    mempool.removeRecursive(tx);
     tx.vout[0].nValue -= 2; // Now we should be just over the min relay fee
     hashLowFeeTx = tx.GetHash();
     mempool.addUnchecked(hashLowFeeTx, entry.Fee(feeToUse+2).FromTx(tx));
diff --git a/src/test/policyestimator_tests.cpp b/src/test/policyestimator_tests.cpp
index 5c902387f..f57c24270 100644
--- a/src/test/policyestimator_tests.cpp
+++ b/src/test/policyestimator_tests.cpp
@@ -46,7 +46,6 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(BlockPolicyEstimates)
     for (unsigned int i = 0; i < 128; i++)
         garbage.push_back('X');
     CMutableTransaction tx;
-    std::list<CTransaction> dummyConflicted;
     tx.vin.resize(1);
     tx.vin[0].scriptSig = garbage;
     tx.vout.resize(1);
@@ -81,7 +80,7 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(BlockPolicyEstimates)
                 txHashes[9-h].pop_back();
             }
         }
-        mpool.removeForBlock(block, ++blocknum, dummyConflicted);
+        mpool.removeForBlock(block, ++blocknum);
         block.clear();
         if (blocknum == 30) {
             // At this point we should need to combine 5 buckets to get enough data points
@@ -125,7 +124,7 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(BlockPolicyEstimates)
     // Mine 50 more blocks with no transactions happening, estimates shouldn't change
     // We haven't decayed the moving average enough so we still have enough data points in every bucket
     while (blocknum < 250)
-        mpool.removeForBlock(block, ++blocknum, dummyConflicted);
+        mpool.removeForBlock(block, ++blocknum);
 
     for (int i = 1; i < 10;i++) {
         BOOST_CHECK(mpool.estimateFee(i).GetFeePerK() < origFeeEst[i-1] + deltaFee);
@@ -146,7 +145,7 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(BlockPolicyEstimates)
                 txHashes[j].push_back(hash);
             }
         }
-        mpool.removeForBlock(block, ++blocknum, dummyConflicted);
+        mpool.removeForBlock(block, ++blocknum);
     }
 
     int answerFound;
@@ -167,7 +166,7 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(BlockPolicyEstimates)
             txHashes[j].pop_back();
         }
     }
-    mpool.removeForBlock(block, 265, dummyConflicted);
+    mpool.removeForBlock(block, 265);
     block.clear();
     for (int i = 1; i < 10;i++) {
         BOOST_CHECK(mpool.estimateFee(i).GetFeePerK() > origFeeEst[i-1] - deltaFee);
@@ -187,7 +186,7 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(BlockPolicyEstimates)
                     block.push_back(*ptx);
             }
         }
-        mpool.removeForBlock(block, ++blocknum, dummyConflicted);
+        mpool.removeForBlock(block, ++blocknum);
         block.clear();
     }
     for (int i = 1; i < 10; i++) {
diff --git a/src/txmempool.cpp b/src/txmempool.cpp
index 0f1c166ab..e5d28ac2e 100644
--- a/src/txmempool.cpp
+++ b/src/txmempool.cpp
@@ -503,7 +503,7 @@ void CTxMemPool::CalculateDescendants(txiter entryit, setEntries &setDescendants
     }
 }
 
-void CTxMemPool::removeRecursive(const CTransaction &origTx, std::list<CTransaction>& removed)
+void CTxMemPool::removeRecursive(const CTransaction &origTx, std::vector<std::shared_ptr<const CTransaction>>* removed)
 {
     // Remove transaction from memory pool
     {
@@ -530,8 +530,10 @@ void CTxMemPool::removeRecursive(const CTransaction &origTx, std::list<CTransact
         BOOST_FOREACH(txiter it, txToRemove) {
             CalculateDescendants(it, setAllRemoves);
         }
-        BOOST_FOREACH(txiter it, setAllRemoves) {
-            removed.push_back(it->GetTx());
+        if (removed) {
+            BOOST_FOREACH(txiter it, setAllRemoves) {
+                removed->emplace_back(it->GetSharedTx());
+            }
         }
         RemoveStaged(setAllRemoves, false);
     }
@@ -541,7 +543,7 @@ void CTxMemPool::removeForReorg(const CCoinsViewCache *pcoins, unsigned int nMem
 {
     // Remove transactions spending a coinbase which are now immature and no-longer-final transactions
     LOCK(cs);
-    list<CTransaction> transactionsToRemove;
+    setEntries txToRemove;
     for (indexed_transaction_set::const_iterator it = mapTx.begin(); it != mapTx.end(); it++) {
         const CTransaction& tx = it->GetTx();
         LockPoints lp = it->GetLockPoints();
@@ -549,16 +551,16 @@ void CTxMemPool::removeForReorg(const CCoinsViewCache *pcoins, unsigned int nMem
         if (!CheckFinalTx(tx, flags) || !CheckSequenceLocks(tx, flags, &lp, validLP)) {
             // Note if CheckSequenceLocks fails the LockPoints may still be invalid
             // So it's critical that we remove the tx and not depend on the LockPoints.
-            transactionsToRemove.push_back(tx);
+            txToRemove.insert(it);
         } else if (it->GetSpendsCoinbase()) {
             BOOST_FOREACH(const CTxIn& txin, tx.vin) {
                 indexed_transaction_set::const_iterator it2 = mapTx.find(txin.prevout.hash);
                 if (it2 != mapTx.end())
                     continue;
                 const CCoins *coins = pcoins->AccessCoins(txin.prevout.hash);
-		if (nCheckFrequency != 0) assert(coins);
+                if (nCheckFrequency != 0) assert(coins);
                 if (!coins || (coins->IsCoinBase() && ((signed long)nMemPoolHeight) - coins->nHeight < COINBASE_MATURITY)) {
-                    transactionsToRemove.push_back(tx);
+                    txToRemove.insert(it);
                     break;
                 }
             }
@@ -567,13 +569,14 @@ void CTxMemPool::removeForReorg(const CCoinsViewCache *pcoins, unsigned int nMem
             mapTx.modify(it, update_lock_points(lp));
         }
     }
-    BOOST_FOREACH(const CTransaction& tx, transactionsToRemove) {
-        list<CTransaction> removed;
-        removeRecursive(tx, removed);
+    setEntries setAllRemoves;
+    for (txiter it : txToRemove) {
+        CalculateDescendants(it, setAllRemoves);
     }
+    RemoveStaged(setAllRemoves, false);
 }
 
-void CTxMemPool::removeConflicts(const CTransaction &tx, std::list<CTransaction>& removed)
+void CTxMemPool::removeConflicts(const CTransaction &tx, std::vector<std::shared_ptr<const CTransaction>>* removed)
 {
     // Remove transactions which depend on inputs of tx, recursively
     LOCK(cs);
@@ -594,7 +597,7 @@ void CTxMemPool::removeConflicts(const CTransaction &tx, std::list<CTransaction>
  * Called when a block is connected. Removes from mempool and updates the miner fee estimator.
  */
 void CTxMemPool::removeForBlock(const std::vector<CTransaction>& vtx, unsigned int nBlockHeight,
-                                std::list<CTransaction>& conflicts, bool fCurrentEstimate)
+                                std::vector<std::shared_ptr<const CTransaction>>* conflicts, bool fCurrentEstimate)
 {
     LOCK(cs);
     std::vector<CTxMemPoolEntry> entries;
diff --git a/src/txmempool.h b/src/txmempool.h
index 1763930ba..bb2638c3b 100644
--- a/src/txmempool.h
+++ b/src/txmempool.h
@@ -6,9 +6,12 @@
 #ifndef BITCOIN_TXMEMPOOL_H
 #define BITCOIN_TXMEMPOOL_H
 
-#include <list>
 #include <memory>
 #include <set>
+#include <map>
+#include <vector>
+#include <utility>
+#include <string>
 
 #include "amount.h"
 #include "coins.h"
@@ -521,11 +524,11 @@ public:
     bool addUnchecked(const uint256& hash, const CTxMemPoolEntry &entry, bool fCurrentEstimate = true);
     bool addUnchecked(const uint256& hash, const CTxMemPoolEntry &entry, setEntries &setAncestors, bool fCurrentEstimate = true);
 
-    void removeRecursive(const CTransaction &tx, std::list<CTransaction>& removed);
+    void removeRecursive(const CTransaction &tx, std::vector<std::shared_ptr<const CTransaction>>* removed = NULL);
     void removeForReorg(const CCoinsViewCache *pcoins, unsigned int nMemPoolHeight, int flags);
-    void removeConflicts(const CTransaction &tx, std::list<CTransaction>& removed);
+    void removeConflicts(const CTransaction &tx, std::vector<std::shared_ptr<const CTransaction>>* removed = NULL);
     void removeForBlock(const std::vector<CTransaction>& vtx, unsigned int nBlockHeight,
-                        std::list<CTransaction>& conflicts, bool fCurrentEstimate = true);
+                        std::vector<std::shared_ptr<const CTransaction>>* conflicts = NULL, bool fCurrentEstimate = true);
     void clear();
     void _clear(); //lock free
     bool CompareDepthAndScore(const uint256& hasha, const uint256& hashb);