faa8d9581 [qa] TestNode: Add wait_until_stopped helper method (MarcoFalke)
Pull request description:
This adds a helper method `wait_until_stopped` to the `TestNode` class. This should prevent numerous `time.sleep()` over all places.
Additionally, the timeout behavior is restored. (Was removed by the introduction of `TestNode`.)
This should prevent tests from running indefinitely by accident.
Tree-SHA512: 7133fc64d55711869c4e372e9d30625c98f1237fb3578c24a26900d9319831f10eb95592d7b08e536fa706158dffb0abf9197f11c5d9ef605c880628e1a6533f
eac64bb7a [qa] Test nMinimumChainWork (Suhas Daftuar)
0311836f6 Allow setting nMinimumChainWork on command line (Suhas Daftuar)
Pull request description:
As discussed briefly here: https://botbot.me/freenode/bitcoin-core-dev/2017-02-28/?msg=81712308&page=4
This adds a hidden command line option for setting `nMinimumChainWork`, which allows us to test this parameter in our functional tests, as well as allowing for niche use cases like syncing nodes that are otherwise disconnected from the network.
See also #10345, which proposes a new use of `nMinimumChainWork`.
Tree-SHA512: fe4d8f4f289697615c98d8760f1cc74c076110310ea0b5b875fcab78c127da9195b4eb84148aebacc7606c246e5773d3f13bd5d9559d0a8bffac20a3a28c62df
Nodes don't consider themselves out of "initial block download" until
their active chain has more work than nMinimumChainWork.
While in initial block download, nodes won't relay blocks to their
peers, so test that this parameter functions as intended by verifying
that block relay only succeeds past a given node once its
nMinimumChainWork has been exceeded.
7148b74dc [tests] Functional tests must explicitly set num_nodes (John Newbery)
5448a1471 [tests] don't override __init__() in individual tests (John Newbery)
6cf094a02 [tests] Avoid passing around member variables in test_framework (John Newbery)
36b626867 [tests] TestNode: separate add_node from start_node (John Newbery)
be2a2ab6a [tests] fix - use rpc_timeout as rpc timeout (John Newbery)
Pull request description:
Some additional tidyups after the introduction of TestNode:
- commit 1 makes TestNode use the correct rpc timeout. This should have been included in #11077
- commit 2 separates `add_node()` from `start_node()` as originally discussed here: https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/pull/10556#discussion_r121161453 with @kallewoof . The test writer no longer needs to assign to `self.nodes` when starting/stopping nodes.
- commit 3 adds a `set_test_params()` method, so individual tests don't need to override `__init__()` and call `super().__init__()`
Tree-SHA512: 0adb030623b96675b5c29e2890ce99ccd837ed05f721d0c91b35378c5ac01b6658174aac12f1f77402e1d38b61f39b3c43b4df85c96952565dde1cda05b0db84
Almost all test scripts currently need to override the __init__()
method. When they do that they need to call into super().__init__() as
the base class does some generic initialization.
This commit makes the base class __init__() call into set_test_params()
method. Individual test cases can override set_test_params() to setup
their test parameters.
Separates the act of creating a TestNode object from starting the node.
The test_framework now keeps track of its list of TestNodes, and test
writers can call start_node() and stop_node() without having to update
the self.nodes list.
4f2905b76 Add getmininginfo functional test (Cristian Mircea Messel)
Pull request description:
Add `getmininginfo` functional test in `mining.py`
Tree-SHA512: 12be9cfb37e9ac4c6625fc06051704c8a8dfd7271c2654f994c7659c8810e4b7a4335105ae159315308bcd45b65589bab1829bd134d2f4cabf74d63f2e5d22fe
6d2d2eb49 RPC: gettxout: Slightly improve doc and tests (Jorge Timón)
Pull request description:
Slightly related to https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/pull/10822 in the sense that I felt the documentation and testing wasn't as good as it could be while writing it.
Ping @sipa since we discussed this on IRC.
Tree-SHA512: a0b3ffdac65245a0429e772fc2d8bcc1e829b02c70fb2af6ee0b7578cae46683f6c51a824b4d703d4dc3f99b6f03a658d6bbc818bf32981516f24124249a211d
c6ec4358a [tests] Add bitcoin_cli.py test script (John Newbery)
b23549f6e [tests] add TestNodeCLI class for calling bitcoin-cli for a node (John Newbery)
Pull request description:
We don't test bitcoin-cli at all. That means that we can miss inconsistencies between the bitcoin-cli client and the RPC interface, such as #10698 and #10747. It also means that the various bitcoin-cli options and features are untested and regressions could be silently introduced.
Let's fix that.
This PR adds bitcoin-cli testing in the python functional test_framework:
1. Add a bitcoin_cli.py test script that tests bitcoin-cli. At the moment it only tests that the result of `getinfo` is the same if you run it as an RPC or through bitcoin-cli, but can easily be extended to test additional bitcoin-cli features
**EDIT: `--usecli` option is moved to a separate PR. This PR now only covers the bitcoin_cli.py test.**
2. ~Add a `--usecli` option to the test framework. This changes the test to use bitcoin-cli for all RPC calls instead of using direct HTTP requests. This is somewhat experimental. It works for most tests, but there are some cases where it can't work transparently because:~
- ~the testcase is asserting on a specific error code, and bitcoin-cli returns a different error code from the direct RPC~
- ~we're sending a very large RPC request (eg `submitblock`) and it can't be serialized into a shell bitcoin-cli call.~
~I think that even though `--usecli` doesn't work on all tests, it's still a useful experimental feature. Future potential enhancements:~
- ~enhance the framework to automatically skip tests that are known to fail with bitcoin-cli if the `--usecli` option is used.~
- ~run a subset of tests in Travis with `-usecli`~
This builds on and requires the `TestNode` PR #10711 . As an aside, this is a good demonstration of how tidy it is to add additional features/interfaces now that test node logic/state is encapsulated in a TestNode class.
Addresses #10791
Tree-SHA512: a1e6be12e8e007f6f67b3d3bbcd142d835787300831eb38e6027a1ad25ca9d79c4bc99a41b19e31ee95205cba1b3b2d21a688b5909316aad70bfc2b4eb6d8a52
08ce33f8e qa: Move wait_until to util (MarcoFalke)
Pull request description:
This moves `wait_until` to `util.py` to make it generally available to python tests.
Also, `wait_until` now takes an optional lock that is acquired while testing the predicate.
Previously the lock was always acquired, even when it was not necessary, cf. `disconnect_ban.py`.
Tree-SHA512: 18e452a017a6566fa8ad09bde058e1b841e167039dc63299e70cfa7a6dcbc779581e60ca3e8eb2f1b610767d5208b9376c203eb11015b250fd0542b5eb4215a8
Fixes a couple of bugs from the introduction of TestNode:
- test scripts were no longer able to specify a custom timeout for
starting a node. Therefore tests with nodes that take a long time to
start up (eg pruning.py) would fail.
- the test for whether a node has failed on start up was broken
by changing 'assert x is None' to 'assert not x'. Since
subprocess.poll() can return None (indicating the node is still running)
or 0 (indicating the node exited with return code 0), this was a
regression.
When running the tests locally with a parallelism of 4 on an otherwise
busy system, RPC can take quite a wait to come up.
Change the timeout to 60 seconds just to be safe.
e53615b Remove vchDefaultKey and have better first run detection (Andrew Chow)
Pull request description:
Removes vchDefaultKey which was only used for first run detection. Improves wallet first run detection by checking to see if any keys were read from the database.
This also fixes a (rather contrived) case where an encrypted non-HD wallet has corruption such that the default key is no longer valid and is loaded into a Core version that supports HD wallets. This causes a runtime exception since a new hd master key is generated as the software believes the wallet file is newly created but cannot add the generated key to the wallet since it is encrypted. I was only able to replicate this error by creating a non-hd wallet, encrypting it, then editing the wallet using `db_dump` and `db_load` before loading the wallet with hd enabled. This problem has been reported by [two](https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=1993244.0) [users](https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=1746976.msg17511261#msg17511261) so it is something that can happen, although that raises the question of "what corrupted the default key".
~P.S. I don't know what's up with the whitespace changes. I think my text editor is doing something stupid but I don't think those are important enough to attempt undoing them.~ Undid those
Tree-SHA512: 63b485f356566e8ffa033ad9b7101f7f6b56372b29ec2a43b947b0eeb1ada4c2cfe24740515d013aedd5f51aa1890dfbe499d2c5c062fc1b5d272324728a7d55
1d8df0141 Fix MD formatting in REST-interface.md and spelling mistake in test_runner.py (MeshCollider)
41f3e84aa Fix inconsistencies and grammar in various files (MeshCollider)
Pull request description:
Just a simple fix of some inconsistent capitalization, formatting and grammar in a few files (no code changes)
Tree-SHA512: 60b12a5a5c69a1af4a25b7db0b32ed806ed62ad2966cee08b3792a7cfa7f51848fd485349b4c09e60a7eedfdf55ee730c51daa066d6e226ae404c93342bf3e13
f42fc1d50 doc: spelling fixes (klemens)
Pull request description:
patch contains some spelling fixes ( just in comments ) as found by a bot ( http://www.misfix.org, https://github.com/ka7/misspell_fixer ).
Tree-SHA512: ba6046cfcd81b0783420daae7d776be92dd7b85a593e212f8f1b4403aca9b1b6af12cef7080d4ea5ed4a14952fd25e4300109a59c414e08f5395cdb9947bb750
Removes vchDefaultKey which was only used for first run detection.
Improves wallet first run detection by checking to see if any keys
were read from the database.
This will now also check for a valid defaultkey for backwards
compatibility reasons and to check for any corruption.
Keys will stil be generated on the first one, but there won't be
any shown in the address book as was previously done.
TestNode is a class responsible for all state related to a bitcoind node
under test. It stores local state, is responsible for tracking the
bitcoind process and delegates unrecognised messages to the RPC
connection.
This commit changes start_nodes and stop_nodes to start and stop the
bitcoind nodes in parallel, making test setup and teardown much faster.
d34957e [wallet] [tests] Add keypool topup functional test (Jonas Schnelli)
095142d [wallet] keypool mark-used and topup (John Newbery)
c25d90f [wallet] Add HasUnusedKeys() helper (John Newbery)
f2123e3 [wallet] Cache keyid -> keypool id mappings (John Newbery)
83f1ec3 [wallet] Don't hold cs_LastBlockFile while calling setBestChain (John Newbery)
2376bfc [wallet] [moveonly] Move LoadKeyPool to cpp (Matt Corallo)
cab8557 [wallet] [moveonly] Move CAffectedKeysVisitor (Jonas Schnelli)
Pull request description:
This PR contains the first part of #10882 :
- if a key from the keypool is used, mark all keys up to that key as used, and then try to top up the keypool
- top up the keypool on startup
Notably, it does not stop the node or prevent the best block from advancing if the keypool drops below a threshold (which means that transactions may be missed and funds lost if restoring from an old HD wallet backup).
Tree-SHA512: ac681fefeaf7ec2aab2fa1da93d12273ea80bd05eb48d7b3b551ea6e5d975dd97ba7de52b7fba52993823280ac4079cc36cf78a27dac708107ebf8fb6326142b
cc5d38f4b Add option to attach a python debugger if test fails (John Newbery)
Pull request description:
Adds a simple option to the test_framework to attach pdb if the test fails.
Helpful for catching and debugging intermittent failures: Run the test in a loop with this option. The first failure will cause execution to pause and nodes will be left running for interactive debugging.
@sdaftuar
Tree-SHA512: 01cfae15fa3f04ed6ec6a99fef60a6c6a59723429309e81eacd6767caf12f5758f59b337804291ecab33a38a2958f36e2b513d201bee72a2eeb207a67046f952
faa76d1b7 qa: Fix inv race in example_test (MarcoFalke)
Pull request description:
There have been intermittent test failures on this script.
```py
File "./test/functional/example_test.py", line 216, in run_test
assert_equal(block, 1)
AssertionError: not(2 == 1)
```
Probably the simplest way to fix them is overriding the `on_inv` method, so that no "colliding" getdata for the blocks are sent out.
Additionally, all getdata are now sent in a single message.
Tree-SHA512: 809c2bbfa90a67fc97905769fcbe90ba9abe1aac1f145530934f56a364835973b94d3302b6be68f4f2987acf333bce146bcc4c878c283301871ba5bb1a9bedb6
This commit adds basic keypool mark-used and topup:
- try to topup the keypool on initial load
- if a key in the keypool is used, mark all keys before that as used and
try to top up
13b1e9a16 Capitalize bullet points in CONTRIBUTING guide (Evan Klitzke)
Pull request description:
English grammar dictates that these bullet points should be capitalized.
This also makes the capitalization style consistent with the rest of the
document, e.g. the "Decision Making Process" section.
Tree-SHA512: 59f5a8941180ff3862ba63d364c27fd83d2e144299a71b2e784d58f806e8a02d7951dcc80fcc7152d0c78c2d1f5a22db1236af7ea6b9abece8dbe93533e4b65c
4ccc12a54 [qa] Rewrite BIP66 functional tests (Suhas Daftuar)
d4f0d87b6 [qa] Rewrite BIP65 functional tests (Suhas Daftuar)
Pull request description:
After 122786d0e0, BIP65 and BIP66 activate at
particular fixed heights (without regard to version numbers of blocks
below those heights). Rewrite the functional tests to take
this into account, and remove two tests that weren't really testing anything.
Moves the rewritten functional tests out of the extended test suite, so that they run in travis regularly.
Note: I discovered that the ComparisonTestFramework (which the original versions of these p2p tests were written is, has a bug that caused them to not catch obvious errors, eg if you just comment out setting the script flags for these softforks in ConnectBlock, the versions of these tests in master do not fail(!) -- will separately PR a fix for the comparison test framework).
Tree-SHA512: 2108b79951f2e980854d0d14ccc0fd1810a43dd4251fd6e3b203e7f104ea55e00650bb1a60a28c2801b4249f46563a8559ac3e3cd39db220914acfed0b3b163d
English grammar dictates that these bullet points should be capitalized.
This also makes the capitalization style consistent with the rest of the
document, e.g. the "Decision Making Process" section.
ce07638 doc: Add comment to use ValueFromAmount/AmountFromValue for JSON, not utilmoneystr (Wladimir J. van der Laan)
ec05c50 rpc: Use ValueFromAmount instead of FormatMoney in TxToUniv (Wladimir J. van der Laan)
46347ad rpc: Move ValueFromAmount to core_write (Wladimir J. van der Laan)
dac3782 doc: Correct AmountFromValue/ValueFromAmount names (Wladimir J. van der Laan)
Pull request description:
With this, the amounts returned in `decoderawtransaction` will be padded to 8 digits like anywhere else in the API.
This is accomplished by using `ValueFromAmount` in `TxToUniv`, instead of `FormatMoney` which it currently (mistakingly) uses. The `FormatMoney` function is only for debugging/logging use!
To avoid dependency issues, `ValueFromAmount` is moved to `core_write.cpp`, where it also fits better. I don't move `AmountFromValue` to `core_read.cpp` at the same time, as this would have more impact due to the RPCError dependency there.
(n.b.: large number of changed files is solely due to the util_tests JSONs needing update)
Tree-SHA512: 10fc2d27d33a77dbcb57aa7eccd4f53110c05d38eb7df6d40f10f14c08fad4274472e93af75aa59fe68ad0720fdf0930f0108124abef518e0dd162b3d2b2b292
In v0.15, we disconnect nodes that send us version messages with
unsupported service bits (1 << 5 and 1 << 7). This commit adds a test
that bitcoind will disconnect those nodes before August 1st 2018, and won't
disconnect those nodes after August 1st 2018.
e222dc2 Replace ismine with producesignature check in witnessifier (Andrew Chow)
Pull request description:
Instead of using ismine to check whether an address can be spent by us, make the witness version of the script or address first and then use ProduceSignature with the DummySignatureCreator to check if we can
solve for the script.
This is to fix cases where we don't have all of the private keys (for something like a multisig address) but have the redeemscript so we can witnessify it.
Tree-SHA512: 371777aee839cceb41f099109a13689120d35cf3880cde39216596cc2aac5cc1096af7d9cf07ad9306c3b05c073897f4518a7e97f0b88642f1e3b80b799f481e
Instead of using ismine to check whether an address can be spent by us,
make the witness version of the script or address first and then use
ProduceSignature with the DummySignatureCreator to check if we can
solve for the script.
Also fixes test cases to reflect this change.
Raise RPC_WALLET_NOT_SPECIFIED instead of RPC_METHOD_NOT_FOUND when a required
wallet filename was not specified in an RPC call.
Also raise more specific RPC_WALLET_NOT_FOUND error instead of
RPC_INVALID_PARAMETER in case an invalid wallet was specified, for consistency.
This reverts commit d64ac3f4aa after further discussion.
Tree-SHA512: db1e4ff5b17bcd6fd000a3d21aa74f6b7e4c194e0663c1896a100612671910a7cdadd896b59642420ea016598895b54a8468914847ebefef105a3c47c311d4b2
d64ac3f [tests] Allow tests to pass when stderr is non-empty (Jonas Schnelli)
Pull request description:
Resurrect #10241 with nits addressed
Not sure how much people want this. Would be useful for functional tests which cause bitcoind to print to stderr.
Tree-SHA512: 28caccf7818fb3ed5a38caef7f77161b1678aa9b8fd12c2d1e76032f409f0d33c40f7ac91e0c8d908df4a44fd01cf97d657a08bae50c6ff17d07f5b2e20c3a6e
876e92b Testing: listsinceblock should display all transactions that were affected since the given block, including transactions that were removed due to a reorg. (Karl-Johan Alm)
f999c46 listsinceblock: optionally find and list any transactions that were undone due to reorg when requesting a non-main chain block in a new 'removed' array. (Karl-Johan Alm)
Pull request description:
The following scenario will not notify the caller of the fact `tx0` has been dropped:
1. User 1 receives BTC in tx0 from utxo1 in block aa1.
2. User 2 receives BTC in tx1 from utxo1 (same) in block bb1
3. User 1 sees 2 confirmations at block aa3.
4. Reorg into bb chain.
5. User 1 asks `listsinceblock aa3` and does not see that tx0 is now invalidated.
See `listsinceblock.py` commit for related test.
The proposed fix is to iterate from the given block down to the fork point, and to check each transaction in the blocks against the wallet, in addition to including all transactions from the fork point to the active chain tip (the current behavior). Any transactions that were present will now also be listed in the `listsinceblock` output in a new `replaced` array. This operation may be a bit heavy but the circumstances (and perceived frequency of occurrence) warrant it, I believe.
Example output:
```Python
{
'transactions': [],
'replaced': [
{
'walletconflicts': [],
'vout': 1,
'account': '',
'timereceived': 1485234857,
'time': 1485234857,
'amount': '1.00000000',
'bip125-replaceable': 'unknown',
'trusted': False,
'category': 'receive',
'txid': 'ce673859a30dee1d2ebdb3c05f2eea7b1da54baf68f93bb8bfe37c5f09ed22ff',
'address': 'miqEt4kWp9zSizwGGuUWLAmxEcTW9bFUnQ',
'label': '',
'confirmations': -7
}
],
'lastblock': '7a388f27d09e3699102a4ebf81597d974fc4c72093eeaa02adffbbf7527f6715'
}
```
I believe this addresses the comment by @luke-jr in https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/pull/9516#issuecomment-274190081 but I could be wrong..
Tree-SHA512: 607b5dcaeccb9dc0d963d3de138c40490f3e923050b29821e6bd513d26beb587bddc748fbb194503fe618cfe34a6ed65d95e8d9c5764a882b6c5f976520cff35
6b4f231 Move transaction combining from signrawtransaction to new RPC (Andrew Chow)
Pull request description:
Create a combinerawtransaction RPC which accepts a json array of hex raw transactions to combine them into one transaction. Signrawtransaction is changed to no longer combine transactions and only accept one transaction at a time.
The tests have been updated to test this. Tests for the signrawtransaction merge have also been removed.
This is part of #10570
Tree-SHA512: 035aebbd6537c1c017d5c8e06d309228b4c23fe52d5b31ffde19741c81a11a6346ddbbdc582b77b02a47f4c22b1952b69d3c2ee1109c29b3f0f1b612d8de53ed
7ec3343 add gdb attach process to test README (Gregory Sanders)
Pull request description:
Saved me many hours. h/t to @jnewbery for the new guide efforts
Tree-SHA512: 4d8ba1717eb842201079488f1cfe369d5d5114df5278643a3f996c986a51e3e039ea994a6f2f06bf6607b697388ad6561198da4693e3cb1ca4a8424e6d423d85
Create a combinerawtransaction RPC which accepts a json array of hex raw
transactions to combine them into one transaction. Signrawtransaction is changed
to no longer combine transactions and only accept one transaction at a time.
cf82a9e Do not allow users to get keys from keypool without reserving them (Matt Corallo)
Pull request description:
fundrawtransaction allows users to add a change output and then
not have it removed from keypool. While it would be nice to have
users follow the normal CreateTransaction/CommitTransaction process
we use internally, there isnt much benefit in exposing this option,
especially with HD wallets, while there is ample room for users to
misunderstand or misuse this option.
This partially reverts #9377. Would be nice to get this for 15 since its kinda crazy we have this option to begin with IMO, will need release notes as an RPC option is now ignored.
Tree-SHA512: 72b5ee9c4a229b84d799dfb00c56fe80d8bba914ce81a433c3f5ab325bf9bf2b839ee658c261734f0ee183ab19435039481014d09c41dbe155e6323e63beb01d
fundrawtransaction allows users to add a change output and then
not have it removed from keypool. While it would be nice to have
users follow the normal CreateTransaction/CommitTransaction process
we use internally, there isnt much benefit in exposing this option,
especially with HD wallets, while there is ample room for users to
misunderstand or misuse this option.
This could be particularly nasty in some use-cases (especially
pre-HD-split) - eg a user might fundrawtransaction, then call
getnewaddress, hand out the address for someone to pay them, then
sendrawtransaction. This may result in the user thinking they have
received payment, even though it was really just their own change!
This could obviously result in needless key-reuse.
zapwallettxes previously did not interact well with persistent mempool.
zapwallettxes would cause wallet transactions to be zapped, but they
would then be reloaded from the mempool on startup. This commit softsets
persistmempool to false if zapwallettxes is enabled so transactions are
actually zapped.
11ba8e9 [tests] rename getblocktemplate_proposals.py to mining.py (John Newbery)
b29dd41 [tests] add test for submit block (John Newbery)
9bf0d80 [tests] run successful test in getblocktemplate first (John Newbery)
82dc597 [tests] don't build blocks manually in getblocktemplate test (John Newbery)
f82c709 [tests] clarify assertions in getblocktemplate test (John Newbery)
66c570a [tests] Don't build the coinbase manually in getblocktemplate test (John Newbery)
38b38cd [tests] getblocktemplate_proposals.py: add logging (John Newbery)
0a3a5ff [tests] Fix flake8 warnings in getblocktemplate tests (John Newbery)
32cffe6 [tests] Fix import order in getblocktemplate test (John Newbery)
Tree-SHA512: a51a57314fa1c4c4b8a7896492ec6e677b6bed12387060def34a62e9dfbee7961f71bb5553fbd70028be61ae32eccf13fd255fa9651f908e9a5e64c28f43f00e
bc7d103 Fix multi_rpc test for hosts that dont default to utf8 (Matt Corallo)
Tree-SHA512: 7644b1f50d4010a08aed5d1c87ab7326af9c109ac05dfbfc4bb6d5a19ace7997ef9cdd64d4301072f1106225de6d3aacccb17f53043b55ba61f5723c2b65af30
Rewrite the BIP66 functional tests to reflect height-based activation,
and move it out of the extended test suite.
Remove the unnecessary bipdersig.py test
After 122786d0e0, BIP65 activates at
a particular height (without regard to version numbers of blocks
below that height). Rewrite the BIP65 functional tests to take
this into account, and add a test case that exercises
OP_CHECKLOCKTIMEVERIFY in a block where the soft-fork is active.
Also moves the bip65 functional test out of the extended test suite.
This commit moves functions start_node, start_nodes, stop_node and
stop_nodes functions into the BitcoinTestFramework class. It also moves
the bitcoind_processes dict and coverage variables into BitcoinTestFramework.
176c021 [qa] Test non-atomic chainstate writes (Suhas Daftuar)
d6af06d Dont create pcoinsTip until after ReplayBlocks. (Matt Corallo)
eaca1b7 Random db flush crash simulator (Pieter Wuille)
0580ee0 Adapt memory usage estimation for flushing (Pieter Wuille)
013a56a Non-atomic flushing using the blockchain as replay journal (Pieter Wuille)
b3a279c [MOVEONLY] Move LastCommonAncestor to chain (Pieter Wuille)
Tree-SHA512: 47ccc62303f9075c44d2a914be75bd6969ff881a857a2ff1227f05ec7def6f4c71c46680c5a28cb150c814999526797dc05cf2701fde1369c06169f46eccddee
