// Package jwt implements a Hook that fails an Announce if the client's request
// is missing a valid JSON Web Token.
//
// JWTs are validated against the standard claims in RFC7519 along with an
// extra "infohash" claim that verifies the client has access to the Swarm.
// RS256 keys are asychronously rotated from a provided JWK Set HTTP endpoint.
package jwt

import (
	"context"
	"crypto"
	"encoding/json"
	"errors"
	"net/http"
	"net/url"
	"time"

	jc "github.com/SermoDigital/jose/crypto"
	"github.com/SermoDigital/jose/jws"
	"github.com/SermoDigital/jose/jwt"
	log "github.com/Sirupsen/logrus"
	"github.com/mendsley/gojwk"

	"github.com/chihaya/chihaya/bittorrent"
	"github.com/chihaya/chihaya/middleware"
	"github.com/chihaya/chihaya/pkg/stop"
)

var (
	// ErrMissingJWT is returned when a JWT is missing from a request.
	ErrMissingJWT = bittorrent.ClientError("unapproved request: missing jwt")

	// ErrInvalidJWT is returned when a JWT fails to verify.
	ErrInvalidJWT = bittorrent.ClientError("unapproved request: invalid jwt")
)

// Config represents all the values required by this middleware to fetch JWKs
// and verify JWTs.
type Config struct {
	Issuer            string        `yaml:"issuer"`
	Audience          string        `yaml:"audience"`
	JWKSetURL         string        `yaml:"jwk_set_url"`
	JWKUpdateInterval time.Duration `yaml:"jwk_set_update_interval"`
}

type hook struct {
	cfg        Config
	publicKeys map[string]crypto.PublicKey
	closing    chan struct{}
}

// NewHook returns an instance of the JWT middleware.
func NewHook(cfg Config) (middleware.Hook, error) {
	log.Debugf("creating new JWT middleware with config: %#v", cfg)
	h := &hook{
		cfg:        cfg,
		publicKeys: map[string]crypto.PublicKey{},
		closing:    make(chan struct{}),
	}

	log.Debug("performing initial fetch of JWKs")
	err := h.updateKeys()
	if err != nil {
		return nil, errors.New("failed to fetch initial JWK Set: " + err.Error())
	}

	go func() {
		for {
			select {
			case <-h.closing:
				return
			case <-time.After(cfg.JWKUpdateInterval):
				log.Debug("performing fetch of JWKs")
				h.updateKeys()
			}
		}
	}()

	return h, nil
}

func (h *hook) updateKeys() error {
	resp, err := http.Get(h.cfg.JWKSetURL)
	if err != nil {
		log.Errorln("failed to fetch JWK Set: " + err.Error())
		return err
	}

	var parsedJWKs gojwk.Key
	err = json.NewDecoder(resp.Body).Decode(&parsedJWKs)
	if err != nil {
		resp.Body.Close()
		log.Errorln("failed to decode JWK JSON: " + err.Error())
		return err
	}
	resp.Body.Close()

	keys := map[string]crypto.PublicKey{}
	for _, parsedJWK := range parsedJWKs.Keys {
		publicKey, err := parsedJWK.DecodePublicKey()
		if err != nil {
			log.Errorln("failed to decode JWK into public key: " + err.Error())
			return err
		}
		keys[parsedJWK.Kid] = publicKey
	}
	h.publicKeys = keys

	log.Debug("successfully fetched JWK Set")
	return nil
}

func (h *hook) Stop() <-chan error {
	log.Debug("attempting to shutdown JWT middleware")
	select {
	case <-h.closing:
		return stop.AlreadyStopped
	default:
	}
	c := make(chan error)
	go func() {
		close(h.closing)
		close(c)
	}()
	return c
}

func (h *hook) HandleAnnounce(ctx context.Context, req *bittorrent.AnnounceRequest, resp *bittorrent.AnnounceResponse) (context.Context, error) {
	if req.Params == nil {
		return ctx, ErrMissingJWT
	}

	jwtParam, ok := req.Params.String("jwt")
	if !ok {
		return ctx, ErrMissingJWT
	}

	if err := validateJWT(req.InfoHash, []byte(jwtParam), h.cfg.Issuer, h.cfg.Audience, h.publicKeys); err != nil {
		return ctx, ErrInvalidJWT
	}

	return ctx, nil
}

func (h *hook) HandleScrape(ctx context.Context, req *bittorrent.ScrapeRequest, resp *bittorrent.ScrapeResponse) (context.Context, error) {
	// Scrapes don't require any protection.
	return ctx, nil
}

func validateJWT(ih bittorrent.InfoHash, jwtBytes []byte, cfgIss, cfgAud string, publicKeys map[string]crypto.PublicKey) error {
	parsedJWT, err := jws.ParseJWT(jwtBytes)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	claims := parsedJWT.Claims()
	if iss, ok := claims.Issuer(); !ok || iss != cfgIss {
		log.WithFields(log.Fields{
			"exists": ok,
			"claim":  iss,
			"config": cfgIss,
		}).Debugln("unequal or missing issuer when validating JWT")
		return jwt.ErrInvalidISSClaim
	}

	if aud, ok := claims.Audience(); !ok || !validAudience(aud, cfgAud) {
		log.WithFields(log.Fields{
			"exists": ok,
			"claim":  aud,
			"config": cfgAud,
		}).Debugln("unequal or missing audience when validating JWT")
		return jwt.ErrInvalidAUDClaim
	}

	if ihClaim, ok := claims.Get("infohash").(string); !ok || !validInfoHash(ihClaim, ih) {
		log.WithFields(log.Fields{
			"exists":  ok,
			"request": url.QueryEscape(ih.String()),
			"claim":   ihClaim,
		}).Debugln("unequal or missing infohash when validating JWT")
		return errors.New("claim \"infohash\" is invalid")
	}

	parsedJWS := parsedJWT.(jws.JWS)
	kid, ok := parsedJWS.Protected().Get("kid").(string)
	if !ok {
		log.WithFields(log.Fields{
			"exists": ok,
			"claim":  kid,
		}).Debugln("missing kid when validating JWT")
		return errors.New("invalid kid")
	}
	publicKey, ok := publicKeys[kid]
	if !ok {
		log.WithFields(log.Fields{
			"kid": kid,
		}).Debugln("missing public key for kid when validating JWT")
		return errors.New("signed by unknown kid")
	}

	err = parsedJWS.Verify(publicKey, jc.SigningMethodRS256)
	if err != nil {
		log.WithFields(log.Fields{
			"err": err,
		}).Debugln("failed to verify signature of JWT")
		return err
	}

	return nil
}

func validAudience(aud []string, cfgAud string) bool {
	for _, a := range aud {
		if a == cfgAud {
			return true
		}
	}
	return false
}

// validInfoHash attempts to match the claim for the Infohash field of a JWT by
// checking both the raw and unescaped forms of the contents of the field.
func validInfoHash(claim string, ih bittorrent.InfoHash) bool {
	if len(claim) == 20 && bittorrent.InfoHashFromString(claim) == ih {
		return true
	}

	unescapedClaim, err := url.QueryUnescape(claim)
	if err != nil {
		return false
	}

	if len(unescapedClaim) == 20 && bittorrent.InfoHashFromString(unescapedClaim) == ih {
		return true
	}

	return false
}