#!/usr/bin/env python # # This library is free software, distributed under the terms of # the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3, or any later version. # See the COPYING file included in this archive # # The docstrings in this module contain epytext markup; API documentation # may be created by processing this file with epydoc: http://epydoc.sf.net import binascii import hashlib import struct import logging from twisted.internet import defer, error, task from lbrynet.core.utils import generate_id, DeferredDict from lbrynet.core.call_later_manager import CallLaterManager from lbrynet.core.PeerManager import PeerManager from error import TimeoutError import constants import routingtable import datastore import protocol from peerfinder import DHTPeerFinder from contact import ContactManager from distance import Distance from iterativefind import iterativeFind log = logging.getLogger(__name__) def expand_peer(compact_peer_info): host = ".".join([str(ord(d)) for d in compact_peer_info[:4]]) port, = struct.unpack('>H', compact_peer_info[4:6]) peer_node_id = compact_peer_info[6:] return (peer_node_id, host, port) def rpcmethod(func): """ Decorator to expose Node methods as remote procedure calls Apply this decorator to methods in the Node class (or a subclass) in order to make them remotely callable via the DHT's RPC mechanism. """ func.rpcmethod = True return func class MockKademliaHelper(object): def __init__(self, clock=None, callLater=None, resolve=None, listenUDP=None): if not listenUDP or not resolve or not callLater or not clock: from twisted.internet import reactor listenUDP = listenUDP or reactor.listenUDP resolve = resolve or reactor.resolve callLater = callLater or reactor.callLater clock = clock or reactor self.clock = clock self.contact_manager = ContactManager(self.clock.seconds) self.reactor_listenUDP = listenUDP self.reactor_resolve = resolve self.call_later_manager = CallLaterManager(callLater) self.reactor_callLater = self.call_later_manager.call_later self.reactor_callSoon = self.call_later_manager.call_soon self._listeningPort = None # object implementing Twisted # IListeningPort This will contain a deferred created when # joining the network, to enable publishing/retrieving # information from the DHT as soon as the node is part of the # network (add callbacks to this deferred if scheduling such # operations before the node has finished joining the network) def get_looping_call(self, fn, *args, **kwargs): lc = task.LoopingCall(fn, *args, **kwargs) lc.clock = self.clock return lc def safe_stop_looping_call(self, lc): if lc and lc.running: return lc.stop() return defer.succeed(None) def safe_start_looping_call(self, lc, t): if lc and not lc.running: lc.start(t) class Node(MockKademliaHelper): """ Local node in the Kademlia network This class represents a single local node in a Kademlia network; in other words, this class encapsulates an Entangled-using application's "presence" in a Kademlia network. In Entangled, all interactions with the Kademlia network by a client application is performed via this class (or a subclass). """ def __init__(self, node_id=None, udpPort=4000, dataStore=None, routingTableClass=None, networkProtocol=None, externalIP=None, peerPort=3333, listenUDP=None, callLater=None, resolve=None, clock=None, peer_finder=None, peer_manager=None): """ @param dataStore: The data store to use. This must be class inheriting from the C{DataStore} interface (or providing the same API). How the data store manages its data internally is up to the implementation of that data store. @type dataStore: entangled.kademlia.datastore.DataStore @param routingTable: The routing table class to use. Since there exists some ambiguity as to how the routing table should be implemented in Kademlia, a different routing table may be used, as long as the appropriate API is exposed. This should be a class, not an object, in order to allow the Node to pass an auto-generated node ID to the routingtable object upon instantiation (if necessary). @type routingTable: entangled.kademlia.routingtable.RoutingTable @param networkProtocol: The network protocol to use. This can be overridden from the default to (for example) change the format of the physical RPC messages being transmitted. @type networkProtocol: entangled.kademlia.protocol.KademliaProtocol @param externalIP: the IP at which this node can be contacted @param peerPort: the port at which this node announces it has a blob for """ MockKademliaHelper.__init__(self, clock, callLater, resolve, listenUDP) self.node_id = node_id or self._generateID() self.port = udpPort self._change_token_lc = self.get_looping_call(self.change_token) self._refresh_node_lc = self.get_looping_call(self._refreshNode) # Create k-buckets (for storing contacts) if routingTableClass is None: self._routingTable = routingtable.TreeRoutingTable(self.node_id, self.clock.seconds) else: self._routingTable = routingTableClass(self.node_id, self.clock.seconds) # Initialize this node's network access mechanisms if networkProtocol is None: self._protocol = protocol.KademliaProtocol(self) else: self._protocol = networkProtocol # Initialize the data storage mechanism used by this node self.token_secret = self._generateID() self.old_token_secret = None self.externalIP = externalIP self.peerPort = peerPort self._dataStore = dataStore or datastore.DictDataStore(self.clock.seconds) self.peer_manager = peer_manager or PeerManager() self.peer_finder = peer_finder or DHTPeerFinder(self, self.peer_manager) self._join_deferred = None def __del__(self): log.warning("unclean shutdown of the dht node") if self._listeningPort is not None: self._listeningPort.stopListening() @defer.inlineCallbacks def stop(self): # stop LoopingCalls: yield self.safe_stop_looping_call(self._refresh_node_lc) yield self.safe_stop_looping_call(self._change_token_lc) if self._listeningPort is not None: yield self._listeningPort.stopListening() self._listeningPort = None def start_listening(self): if not self._listeningPort: try: self._listeningPort = self.reactor_listenUDP(self.port, self._protocol) except error.CannotListenError as e: import traceback log.error("Couldn't bind to port %d. %s", self.port, traceback.format_exc()) raise ValueError("%s lbrynet may already be running." % str(e)) else: log.warning("Already bound to port %s", self._listeningPort) @defer.inlineCallbacks def joinNetwork(self, known_node_addresses=(('jack.lbry.tech', 4455), )): """ Attempt to join the dht, retry every 30 seconds if unsuccessful :param known_node_addresses: [(str, int)] list of hostnames and ports for known dht seed nodes """ self._join_deferred = defer.Deferred() known_node_resolution = {} @defer.inlineCallbacks def _resolve_seeds(): result = {} for host, port in known_node_addresses: node_address = yield self.reactor_resolve(host) result[(host, port)] = node_address defer.returnValue(result) if not known_node_resolution: known_node_resolution = yield _resolve_seeds() # we are one of the seed nodes, don't add ourselves if (self.externalIP, self.port) in known_node_resolution.itervalues(): del known_node_resolution[(self.externalIP, self.port)] known_node_addresses.remove((self.externalIP, self.port)) def _ping_contacts(contacts): d = DeferredDict({contact: contact.ping() for contact in contacts}, consumeErrors=True) d.addErrback(lambda err: err.trap(TimeoutError)) return d @defer.inlineCallbacks def _initialize_routing(): bootstrap_contacts = [] contact_addresses = {(c.address, c.port): c for c in self.contacts} for (host, port), ip_address in known_node_resolution.iteritems(): if (host, port) not in contact_addresses: # Create temporary contact information for the list of addresses of known nodes # The contact node id will be set with the responding node id when we initialize it to None contact = self.contact_manager.make_contact(None, ip_address, port, self._protocol) bootstrap_contacts.append(contact) else: for contact in self.contacts: if contact.address == ip_address and contact.port == port: if not contact.id: bootstrap_contacts.append(contact) break if not bootstrap_contacts: log.warning("no bootstrap contacts to ping") ping_result = yield _ping_contacts(bootstrap_contacts) shortlist = ping_result.keys() if not shortlist: log.warning("failed to ping %i bootstrap contacts", len(bootstrap_contacts)) defer.returnValue(None) else: # find the closest peers to us closest = yield self._iterativeFind(self.node_id, shortlist) yield _ping_contacts(closest) # query random hashes in our bucket key ranges to fill or split them random_ids_in_range = self._routingTable.getRefreshList(force=True) while random_ids_in_range: yield self.iterativeFindNode(random_ids_in_range.pop()) defer.returnValue(None) @defer.inlineCallbacks def _iterative_join(joined_d=None, last_buckets_with_contacts=None): log.info("Attempting to join the DHT network, %i contacts known so far", len(self.contacts)) joined_d = joined_d or defer.Deferred() yield _initialize_routing() buckets_with_contacts = self.bucketsWithContacts() if last_buckets_with_contacts and last_buckets_with_contacts == buckets_with_contacts: if not joined_d.called: joined_d.callback(True) elif buckets_with_contacts < 4: self.reactor_callLater(1, _iterative_join, joined_d, buckets_with_contacts) elif not joined_d.called: joined_d.callback(None) yield joined_d if not self._join_deferred.called: self._join_deferred.callback(True) defer.returnValue(None) yield _iterative_join() @defer.inlineCallbacks def start(self, known_node_addresses=None): """ Causes the Node to attempt to join the DHT network by contacting the known DHT nodes. This can be called multiple times if the previous attempt has failed or if the Node has lost all the contacts. @param known_node_addresses: A sequence of tuples containing IP address information for existing nodes on the Kademlia network, in the format: C{(, (udp port>)} @type known_node_addresses: list """ self.start_listening() yield self._protocol._listening # TODO: Refresh all k-buckets further away than this node's closest neighbour yield self.joinNetwork(known_node_addresses or []) self.safe_start_looping_call(self._change_token_lc, constants.tokenSecretChangeInterval) # Start refreshing k-buckets periodically, if necessary self.safe_start_looping_call(self._refresh_node_lc, constants.checkRefreshInterval) @property def contacts(self): def _inner(): for i in range(len(self._routingTable._buckets)): for contact in self._routingTable._buckets[i]._contacts: yield contact return list(_inner()) def hasContacts(self): for bucket in self._routingTable._buckets: if bucket._contacts: return True return False def bucketsWithContacts(self): return self._routingTable.bucketsWithContacts() @defer.inlineCallbacks def announceHaveBlob(self, blob_hash): known_nodes = {} contacts = yield self.iterativeFindNode(blob_hash) # store locally if we're the closest node and there are less than k contacts to try storing to if self.externalIP is not None and contacts and len(contacts) < constants.k: is_closer = Distance(blob_hash).is_closer(self.node_id, contacts[-1].id) if is_closer: contacts.pop() self_contact = self.contact_manager.make_contact(self.node_id, self.externalIP, self.port, self._protocol) token = self.make_token(self_contact.compact_ip()) yield self.store(self_contact, blob_hash, token, self.peerPort) elif self.externalIP is not None: pass else: raise Exception("Cannot determine external IP: %s" % self.externalIP) contacted = [] @defer.inlineCallbacks def announce_to_contact(contact): known_nodes[contact.id] = contact try: responseMsg, originAddress = yield contact.findValue(blob_hash, rawResponse=True) res = yield contact.store(blob_hash, responseMsg.response['token'], self.peerPort) if res != "OK": raise ValueError(res) contacted.append(contact) log.debug("Stored %s to %s (%s)", blob_hash.encode('hex'), contact.id.encode('hex'), originAddress[0]) except protocol.TimeoutError: log.debug("Timeout while storing blob_hash %s at %s", blob_hash.encode('hex')[:16], contact.log_id()) except ValueError as err: log.error("Unexpected response: %s" % err.message) except Exception as err: log.error("Unexpected error while storing blob_hash %s at %s: %s", binascii.hexlify(blob_hash), contact, err) dl = [] for c in contacts: dl.append(announce_to_contact(c)) yield defer.DeferredList(dl) log.debug("Stored %s to %i of %i attempted peers", blob_hash.encode('hex')[:16], len(contacted), len(contacts)) contacted_node_ids = [c.id.encode('hex') for c in contacted] defer.returnValue(contacted_node_ids) def change_token(self): self.old_token_secret = self.token_secret self.token_secret = self._generateID() def make_token(self, compact_ip): h = hashlib.new('sha384') h.update(self.token_secret + compact_ip) return h.digest() def verify_token(self, token, compact_ip): h = hashlib.new('sha384') h.update(self.token_secret + compact_ip) if not token == h.digest(): h = hashlib.new('sha384') h.update(self.old_token_secret + compact_ip) if not token == h.digest(): return False return True def iterativeFindNode(self, key): """ The basic Kademlia node lookup operation Call this to find a remote node in the P2P overlay network. @param key: the n-bit key (i.e. the node or value ID) to search for @type key: str @return: This immediately returns a deferred object, which will return a list of k "closest" contacts (C{kademlia.contact.Contact} objects) to the specified key as soon as the operation is finished. @rtype: twisted.internet.defer.Deferred """ return self._iterativeFind(key) @defer.inlineCallbacks def iterativeFindValue(self, key): """ The Kademlia search operation (deterministic) Call this to retrieve data from the DHT. @param key: the n-bit key (i.e. the value ID) to search for @type key: str @return: This immediately returns a deferred object, which will return either one of two things: - If the value was found, it will return a Python dictionary containing the searched-for key (the C{key} parameter passed to this method), and its associated value, in the format: C{key: data_value} - If the value was not found, it will return a list of k "closest" contacts (C{kademlia.contact.Contact} objects) to the specified key @rtype: twisted.internet.defer.Deferred """ if len(key) != constants.key_bits / 8: raise ValueError("invalid key length!") # Execute the search find_result = yield self._iterativeFind(key, rpc='findValue') if isinstance(find_result, dict): # We have found the value; now see who was the closest contact without it... # ...and store the key/value pair pass else: # The value wasn't found, but a list of contacts was returned # Now, see if we have the value (it might seem wasteful to search on the network # first, but it ensures that all values are properly propagated through the # network if self._dataStore.hasPeersForBlob(key): # Ok, we have the value locally, so use that # Send this value to the closest node without it peers = self._dataStore.getPeersForBlob(key) find_result = {key: peers} else: pass expanded_peers = [] if find_result: if key in find_result: for peer in find_result[key]: expanded = expand_peer(peer) if expanded not in expanded_peers: expanded_peers.append(expanded) # TODO: get this working # if 'closestNodeNoValue' in find_result: # closest_node_without_value = find_result['closestNodeNoValue'] # try: # response, address = yield closest_node_without_value.findValue(key, rawResponse=True) # yield closest_node_without_value.store(key, response.response['token'], self.peerPort) # except TimeoutError: # pass defer.returnValue(expanded_peers) def addContact(self, contact): """ Add/update the given contact; simple wrapper for the same method in this object's RoutingTable object @param contact: The contact to add to this node's k-buckets @type contact: kademlia.contact.Contact """ return self._routingTable.addContact(contact) def removeContact(self, contact): """ Remove the contact with the specified node ID from this node's table of known nodes. This is a simple wrapper for the same method in this object's RoutingTable object @param contact: The Contact object to remove @type contact: _Contact """ self._routingTable.removeContact(contact) def findContact(self, contactID): """ Find a entangled.kademlia.contact.Contact object for the specified cotact ID @param contactID: The contact ID of the required Contact object @type contactID: str @return: Contact object of remote node with the specified node ID, or None if the contact was not found @rtype: twisted.internet.defer.Deferred """ try: contact = self._routingTable.getContact(contactID) df = defer.Deferred() df.callback(contact) except (ValueError, IndexError): def parseResults(nodes): node_ids = [c.id for c in nodes] if contactID in nodes: contact = nodes[node_ids.index(contactID)] return contact else: return None df = self.iterativeFindNode(contactID) df.addCallback(parseResults) return df @rpcmethod def ping(self): """ Used to verify contact between two Kademlia nodes @rtype: str """ return 'pong' @rpcmethod def store(self, rpc_contact, blob_hash, token, port, originalPublisherID=None, age=0): """ Store the received data in this node's local datastore @param blob_hash: The hash of the data @type blob_hash: str @param token: The token we previously returned when this contact sent us a findValue @type token: str @param port: The TCP port the contact is listening on for requests for this blob (the peerPort) @type port: int @param originalPublisherID: The node ID of the node that is the publisher of the data @type originalPublisherID: str @param age: The relative age of the data (time in seconds since it was originally published). Note that the original publish time isn't actually given, to compensate for clock skew between different nodes. @type age: int @rtype: str """ if originalPublisherID is None: originalPublisherID = rpc_contact.id compact_ip = rpc_contact.compact_ip() if not self.verify_token(token, compact_ip): raise ValueError("Invalid token") if 0 <= port <= 65536: compact_port = str(struct.pack('>H', port)) else: raise TypeError('Invalid port') compact_address = compact_ip + compact_port + rpc_contact.id now = int(self.clock.seconds()) originallyPublished = now - age self._dataStore.addPeerToBlob(rpc_contact, blob_hash, compact_address, now, originallyPublished, originalPublisherID) return 'OK' @rpcmethod def findNode(self, rpc_contact, key): """ Finds a number of known nodes closest to the node/value with the specified key. @param key: the n-bit key (i.e. the node or value ID) to search for @type key: str @return: A list of contact triples closest to the specified key. This method will return C{k} (or C{count}, if specified) contacts if at all possible; it will only return fewer if the node is returning all of the contacts that it knows of. @rtype: list """ if len(key) != constants.key_bits / 8: raise ValueError("invalid contact id length: %i" % len(key)) contacts = self._routingTable.findCloseNodes(key, constants.k, rpc_contact.id) contact_triples = [] for contact in contacts: contact_triples.append((contact.id, contact.address, contact.port)) return contact_triples @rpcmethod def findValue(self, rpc_contact, key): """ Return the value associated with the specified key if present in this node's data, otherwise execute FIND_NODE for the key @param key: The hashtable key of the data to return @type key: str @return: A dictionary containing the requested key/value pair, or a list of contact triples closest to the requested key. @rtype: dict or list """ if len(key) != constants.key_bits / 8: raise ValueError("invalid blob hash length: %i" % len(key)) response = { 'token': self.make_token(rpc_contact.compact_ip()), } if self._dataStore.hasPeersForBlob(key): response[key] = self._dataStore.getPeersForBlob(key) else: response['contacts'] = self.findNode(rpc_contact, key) return response def _generateID(self): """ Generates an n-bit pseudo-random identifier @return: A globally unique n-bit pseudo-random identifier @rtype: str """ return generate_id() @defer.inlineCallbacks def _iterativeFind(self, key, startupShortlist=None, rpc='findNode'): """ The basic Kademlia iterative lookup operation (for nodes/values) This builds a list of k "closest" contacts through iterative use of the "FIND_NODE" RPC, or if C{findValue} is set to C{True}, using the "FIND_VALUE" RPC, in which case the value (if found) may be returned instead of a list of contacts @param key: the n-bit key (i.e. the node or value ID) to search for @type key: str @param startupShortlist: A list of contacts to use as the starting shortlist for this search; this is normally only used when the node joins the network @type startupShortlist: list @param rpc: The name of the RPC to issue to remote nodes during the Kademlia lookup operation (e.g. this sets whether this algorithm should search for a data value (if rpc='findValue') or not. It can thus be used to perform other operations that piggy-back on the basic Kademlia lookup operation (Entangled's "delete" RPC, for instance). @type rpc: str @return: If C{findValue} is C{True}, the algorithm will stop as soon as a data value for C{key} is found, and return a dictionary containing the key and the found value. Otherwise, it will return a list of the k closest nodes to the specified key @rtype: twisted.internet.defer.Deferred """ if len(key) != constants.key_bits / 8: raise ValueError("invalid key length: %i" % len(key)) if startupShortlist is None: shortlist = self._routingTable.findCloseNodes(key, constants.k) # if key != self.node_id: # # Update the "last accessed" timestamp for the appropriate k-bucket # self._routingTable.touchKBucket(key) if len(shortlist) == 0: log.warning("This node doesnt know any other nodes") # This node doesn't know of any other nodes fakeDf = defer.Deferred() fakeDf.callback([]) result = yield fakeDf defer.returnValue(result) else: # This is used during the bootstrap process shortlist = startupShortlist result = yield iterativeFind(self, shortlist, key, rpc) defer.returnValue(result) @defer.inlineCallbacks def _refreshNode(self): """ Periodically called to perform k-bucket refreshes and data replication/republishing as necessary """ yield self._refreshRoutingTable() self._dataStore.removeExpiredPeers() yield self._refreshStoringPeers() defer.returnValue(None) def _refreshContacts(self): return defer.DeferredList( [contact.ping() for contact in self.contacts], consumeErrors=True ) def _refreshStoringPeers(self): storing_contacts = self._dataStore.getStoringContacts() return defer.DeferredList( [self._protocol._ping_queue.enqueue_maybe_ping(contact) for contact in storing_contacts], consumeErrors=True ) @defer.inlineCallbacks def _refreshRoutingTable(self): nodeIDs = self._routingTable.getRefreshList(0, True) yield self._refreshContacts() while nodeIDs: searchID = nodeIDs.pop() yield self.iterativeFindNode(searchID) defer.returnValue(None)