ECKey: remove *Buffer/*Hex functions

An ECKey is a composition of a private key (D), a public key (Q) and its
compression flag.

These functions gave the impression of serialization of this
composition, when really they only serialized `D`.
They have therefore been removed in favour of always using a sane
serialization format (WIF) that matches the needed behaviour.

If a user needs the previous functionality, simply use `privKey.D.*`
instead of `privKey.*`, as BigInteger supports `*Buffer/*Hex` functions
as expected.

src/eckey.js

@@ -21,29 +21,22 @@ function ECKey(D, compressed) {
 }
 
 // Static constructors
-ECKey.fromBuffer = function(buffer, compressed) {
-  assert(Buffer.isBuffer(buffer), 'First argument must be a Buffer')
-  assert.strictEqual(buffer.length, 32, 'Invalid buffer length')
-
-  var D = BigInteger.fromBuffer(buffer)
-  return new ECKey(D, compressed)
-}
-
-ECKey.fromHex = function(hex, compressed) {
-  return ECKey.fromBuffer(new Buffer(hex, 'hex'), compressed)
-}
-
 ECKey.fromWIF = function(string) {
   var decode = base58check.decode(string)
-
   var payload = decode.payload
+  var compressed = false
+
   if (payload.length === 33) {
     assert.strictEqual(payload[32], 0x01, 'Invalid WIF string')
 
-    return ECKey.fromBuffer(payload.slice(0, 32), true)
+    payload = payload.slice(0, -1)
+    compressed = true
   }
 
-  return ECKey.fromBuffer(payload, false)
+  assert.equal(payload.length, 32, 'Invalid WIF payload length')
+
+  var D = BigInteger.fromBuffer(payload.slice(0, 32))
+  return new ECKey(D, compressed)
 }
 
 ECKey.makeRandom = function(compressed, rng) {
@@ -56,24 +49,11 @@ ECKey.makeRandom = function(compressed, rng) {
   return new ECKey(D, compressed)
 }
 
-// Operations
-ECKey.prototype.sign = function(hash) {
-  return ecdsa.sign(hash, this.D)
-}
-
 // Export functions
-ECKey.prototype.toBuffer = function() {
-  return this.D.toBuffer(32)
-}
-
-ECKey.prototype.toHex = function() {
-  return this.toBuffer().toString('hex')
-}
-
 ECKey.prototype.toWIF = function(version) {
   version = version || networks.bitcoin.wif
 
-  var buffer = this.toBuffer()
+  var buffer = this.D.toBuffer(32)
   if (this.pub.compressed) {
     buffer = Buffer.concat([buffer, new Buffer([0x01])])
   }
@@ -81,4 +61,9 @@ ECKey.prototype.toWIF = function(version) {
   return base58check.encode(buffer, version)
 }
 
+// Operations
+ECKey.prototype.sign = function(hash) {
+  return ecdsa.sign(hash, this.D)
+}
+
 module.exports = ECKey

src/hdwallet.js

@@ -26,7 +26,9 @@ function HDWallet(seed, networkString) {
   var IR = I.slice(32)
 
   // In case IL is 0 or >= n, the master key is invalid (handled by ECKey.fromBuffer)
-  this.priv = ECKey.fromBuffer(IL, true)
+  var pIL = BigInteger.fromBuffer(IL)
+
+  this.priv = new ECKey(pIL, true)
   this.pub = this.priv.pub
 
   this.chaincode = IR
@@ -103,7 +105,10 @@ HDWallet.fromBuffer = function(input) {
   // 33 bytes: the public key or private key data (0x02 + X or 0x03 + X for
   // public keys, 0x00 + k for private keys)
   if (type == 'priv') {
-    hd.priv = ECKey.fromBuffer(input.slice(46, 78), true)
+    assert.equal(input.readUInt8(45), 0, 'Invalid private key')
+    var D = BigInteger.fromBuffer(input.slice(46, 78))
+
+    hd.priv = new ECKey(D, true)
     hd.pub = hd.priv.pub
   } else {
     hd.pub = ECPubKey.fromBuffer(input.slice(45, 78), true)
@@ -153,7 +158,7 @@ HDWallet.prototype.toBuffer = function(priv) {
 
     // 0x00 + k for private keys
     buffer.writeUInt8(0, 45)
-    this.priv.toBuffer().copy(buffer, 46)
+    this.priv.D.toBuffer(32).copy(buffer, 46)
   } else {
 
     // X9.62 encoding for public keys

test/ecdsa.js

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ describe('ecdsa', function() {
   describe('deterministicGenerateK', function() {
     it('matches the test vectors', function() {
       fixtures.forEach(function(f) {
-        var priv = BigInteger.fromHex(f.privateKey)
+        var priv = BigInteger.fromHex(f.D)
         var h1 = crypto.sha256(f.message)
 
         var k = ecdsa.deterministicGenerateK(h1, priv)
@@ -39,7 +39,8 @@ describe('ecdsa', function() {
   describe('sign', function() {
     it('matches the test vectors', function() {
       fixtures.forEach(function(f) {
-        var priv = ECKey.fromHex(f.privateKey)
+        var D = BigInteger.fromHex(f.D)
+        var priv = new ECKey(D)
         var hash = crypto.sha256(f.message)
         var sig = ecdsa.parseSig(priv.sign(hash))
 
@@ -49,7 +50,7 @@ describe('ecdsa', function() {
     })
 
     it('should sign with low S value', function() {
-      var priv = ECKey.fromHex('ca48ec9783cf3ad0dfeff1fc254395a2e403cbbc666477b61b45e31d3b8ab458')
+      var priv = ECKey.makeRandom()
       var hash = crypto.sha256('Vires in numeris')
       var signature = priv.sign(hash)
       var psig = ecdsa.parseSig(signature)
@@ -62,7 +63,8 @@ describe('ecdsa', function() {
   describe('verifyRaw', function() {
     it('matches the test vectors', function() {
       fixtures.forEach(function(f) {
-        var priv = ECKey.fromHex(f.privateKey)
+        var D = BigInteger.fromHex(f.D)
+        var priv = new ECKey(D)
 
         var r = BigInteger.fromHex(f.signature.slice(0, 64))
         var s = BigInteger.fromHex(f.signature.slice(64))

test/eckey.js

@@ -1,81 +1,89 @@
 var assert = require('assert')
 var crypto = require('../src/crypto')
 
+var BigInteger = require('bigi')
 var ECKey = require('../src/eckey')
-var ECPubKey = require('../src/ecpubkey')
+
+var fixtures = require('./fixtures/eckey')
+var networks = require('../src/networks')
 
 describe('ECKey', function() {
   describe('constructor', function() {
-    it('parses hex', function() {
+    it('defaults to compressed', function() {
-      var priv = '18e14a7b6a307f426a94f8114701e7c8e774e7f9a47e2c2035db29a206321725'
+      var privKey = new ECKey(BigInteger.ONE)
-      var pub = '0450863ad64a87ae8a2fe83c1af1a8403cb53f53e486d8511dad8a04887e5b235' +
-        '22cd470243453a299fa9e77237716103abc11a1df38855ed6f2ee187e9c582ba6'
-      var key = ECKey.fromHex(priv, false)
 
-      assert.equal(key.pub.toHex(), pub)
+      assert.equal(privKey.pub.compressed, true)
-      assert.equal(key.pub.compressed, false)
     })
 
-    it('parses WIF', function() {
+    it('supports the uncompressed flag', function() {
-      var priv = '5HwoXVkHoRM8sL2KmNRS217n1g8mPPBomrY7yehCuXC1115WWsh'
+      var privKey = new ECKey(BigInteger.ONE, false)
-      var pub = '044f355bdcb7cc0af728ef3cceb9615d90684bb5b2ca5f859ab0' +
-        'f0b704075871aa385b6b1b8ead809ca67454d9683fcf2ba03456d6fe2c4abe2b07f0fbdbb2f1c1'
-      var addr = '1MsHWS1BnwMc3tLE8G35UXsS58fKipzB7a'
-      var key = ECKey.fromWIF(priv)
 
-      assert.equal(key.pub.compressed, false)
+      assert.equal(privKey.pub.compressed, false)
-      assert.equal(key.pub.toHex(), pub)
-      assert.equal(key.pub.getAddress().toString(), addr)
     })
 
-    it('parses compressed WIF', function() {
+    it('calculates the matching pubKey', function() {
-      var priv = 'KwntMbt59tTsj8xqpqYqRRWufyjGunvhSyeMo3NTYpFYzZbXJ5Hp'
+      fixtures.valid.forEach(function(f) {
-      var pub = '034f355bdcb7cc0af728ef3cceb9615d90684bb5b2ca5f859ab0f0b704075871aa'
+        var privKey = new ECKey(new BigInteger(f.D))
-      var addr = '1Q1pE5vPGEEMqRcVRMbtBK842Y6Pzo6nK9'
-      var key = ECKey.fromWIF(priv)
 
-      assert.equal(key.pub.compressed, true)
+        assert.equal(privKey.pub.Q.toString(), f.Q.toString())
-      assert.equal(key.pub.toHex(), pub)
+      })
-      assert.equal(key.pub.getAddress().toString(), addr)
     })
 
-    it('alternative constructor syntax', function() {
+    fixtures.invalid.constructor.forEach(function(f) {
-      var priv = 'ca48ec9783cf3ad0dfeff1fc254395a2e403cbbc666477b61b45e31d3b8ab458'
+      it('throws on ' + f.description, function() {
-      var pub = '044b12d9d7c77db68388b6ff7c89046174c871546436806bcd80d07c28ea81199' +
+        assert.throws(function() {
-        '283fbec990dad6fb98f93f712d50cb874dd717de6a184158d63886dda3090f566'
+          new ECKey(new BigInteger(f.D))
-      var key = ECKey.fromHex(priv, false)
+        })
+      })
+    })
+  })
 
-      assert.equal(key.pub.toHex(), pub)
+  describe('fromWIF', function() {
-      assert.equal(key.pub.compressed, false)
+    it('matches the test vectors', function() {
-      assert.equal(key.toHex(), priv)
+      fixtures.valid.forEach(function(f) {
+        f.WIFs.forEach(function(wif) {
+          var privKey = ECKey.fromWIF(wif.string)
+
+          assert.equal(privKey.D.toString(), f.D)
+          assert.equal(privKey.pub.compressed, wif.compressed)
+        })
+      })
+    })
+
+    fixtures.invalid.WIF.forEach(function(f) {
+      it('throws on ' + f.description, function() {
+        assert.throws(function() {
+          ECKey.fromWIF(f.string)
+        })
+      })
+    })
+  })
+
+  describe('toWIF', function() {
+    it('matches the test vectors', function() {
+      fixtures.valid.forEach(function(f) {
+        f.WIFs.forEach(function(wif) {
+          var privKey = ECKey.fromWIF(wif.string)
+          var version = networks[wif.network].wif
+          var result = privKey.toWIF(version)
+
+          assert.equal(result, wif.string)
+        })
+      })
     })
   })
 
   describe('signing', function() {
-    var hpriv = 'ca48ec9783cf3ad0dfeff1fc254395a2e403cbbc666477b61b45e31d3b8ab458'
-    var hcpub = '024b12d9d7c77db68388b6ff7c89046174c871546436806bcd80d07c28ea811992'
     var hash = crypto.sha256('Vires in numeris')
-
+    var priv = ECKey.makeRandom()
-    it('should verify against the private key', function() {
-      var priv = ECKey.fromHex(hpriv)
     var signature = priv.sign(hash)
 
+    it('should verify against the public key', function() {
       assert(priv.pub.verify(hash, signature))
     })
 
-    it('should verify against the public key', function() {
+    it('should not verify against the wrong public key', function() {
-      var priv = ECKey.fromHex(hpriv)
+      var priv2 = ECKey.makeRandom()
-      var pub = ECPubKey.fromHex(hcpub, true)
-      var signature = priv.sign(hash)
-
-      assert(pub.verify(hash, signature))
-    })
-
-    it('should not verify against the wrong private key', function() {
-      var priv1 = ECKey.fromHex(hpriv)
-      var priv2 = ECKey.fromHex('1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111')
-
-      var signature = priv1.sign(hash)
 
       assert(!priv2.pub.verify(hash, signature))
     })

test/fixtures/ecdsa.js

@@ -1,49 +1,49 @@
 // Test Vectors for RFC 6979 ECDSA, secp256k1, SHA-256
 module.exports = [
   {
-    "privateKey": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001",
+    "D": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001",
     "k": "8f8a276c19f4149656b280621e358cce24f5f52542772691ee69063b74f15d15",
     "message": "Satoshi Nakamoto",
     "signature": "934b1ea10a4b3c1757e2b0c017d0b6143ce3c9a7e6a4a49860d7a6ab210ee3d82442ce9d2b916064108014783e923ec36b49743e2ffa1c4496f01a512aafd9e5"
   },
   {
-    "privateKey": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001",
+    "D": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001",
     "k": "38aa22d72376b4dbc472e06c3ba403ee0a394da63fc58d88686c611aba98d6b3",
     "message": "All those moments will be lost in time, like tears in rain. Time to die...",
     "signature": "8600dbd41e348fe5c9465ab92d23e3db8b98b873beecd930736488696438cb6b547fe64427496db33bf66019dacbf0039c04199abb0122918601db38a72cfc21"
   },
   {
-    "privateKey": "FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFEBAAEDCE6AF48A03BBFD25E8CD0364140",
+    "D": "fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffebaaedce6af48a03bbfd25e8cd0364140",
     "k": "33a19b60e25fb6f4435af53a3d42d493644827367e6453928554f43e49aa6f90",
     "message": "Satoshi Nakamoto",
     "signature": "fd567d121db66e382991534ada77a6bd3106f0a1098c231e47993447cd6af2d06b39cd0eb1bc8603e159ef5c20a5c8ad685a45b06ce9bebed3f153d10d93bed5"
   },
   {
-    "privateKey": "f8b8af8ce3c7cca5e300d33939540c10d45ce001b8f252bfbc57ba0342904181",
+    "D": "f8b8af8ce3c7cca5e300d33939540c10d45ce001b8f252bfbc57ba0342904181",
     "k": "525a82b70e67874398067543fd84c83d30c175fdc45fdeee082fe13b1d7cfdf1",
     "message": "Alan Turing",
     "signature": "7063ae83e7f62bbb171798131b4a0564b956930092b33b07b395615d9ec7e15c58dfcc1e00a35e1572f366ffe34ba0fc47db1e7189759b9fb233c5b05ab388ea"
   },
   {
-    "privateKey": "e91671c46231f833a6406ccbea0e3e392c76c167bac1cb013f6f1013980455c2",
+    "D": "e91671c46231f833a6406ccbea0e3e392c76c167bac1cb013f6f1013980455c2",
     "k": "1f4b84c23a86a221d233f2521be018d9318639d5b8bbd6374a8a59232d16ad3d",
     "message": "There is a computer disease that anybody who works with computers knows about. It's a very serious disease and it interferes completely with the work. The trouble with computers is that you 'play' with them!",
     "signature": "b552edd27580141f3b2a5463048cb7cd3e047b97c9f98076c32dbdf85a68718b279fa72dd19bfae05577e06c7c0c1900c371fcd5893f7e1d56a37d30174671f6"
   },
   {
-    "privateKey": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001",
+    "D": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001",
     "k": "ec633bd56a5774a0940cb97e27a9e4e51dc94af737596a0c5cbb3d30332d92a5",
     "message": "Everything should be made as simple as possible, but not simpler.",
     "signature": "33a69cd2065432a30f3d1ce4eb0d59b8ab58c74f27c41a7fdb5696ad4e6108c96f807982866f785d3f6418d24163ddae117b7db4d5fdf0071de069fa54342262"
   },
   {
-    "privateKey": "fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffebaaedce6af48a03bbfd25e8cd0364140",
+    "D": "fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffebaaedce6af48a03bbfd25e8cd0364140",
     "k": "9dc74cbfd383980fb4ae5d2680acddac9dac956dca65a28c80ac9c847c2374e4",
     "message": "Equations are more important to me, because politics is for the present, but an equation is something for eternity.",
     "signature": "54c4a33c6423d689378f160a7ff8b61330444abb58fb470f96ea16d99d4a2fed07082304410efa6b2943111b6a4e0aaa7b7db55a07e9861d1fb3cb1f421044a5"
   },
   {
-    "privateKey": "fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffebaaedce6af48a03bbfd25e8cd0364140",
+    "D": "fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffebaaedce6af48a03bbfd25e8cd0364140",
     "k": "fd27071f01648ebbdd3e1cfbae48facc9fa97edc43bbbc9a7fdc28eae13296f5",
     "message": "Not only is the Universe stranger than we think, it is stranger than we can think.",
     "signature": "ff466a9f1b7b273e2f4c3ffe032eb2e814121ed18ef84665d0f515360dab3dd06fc95f5132e5ecfdc8e5e6e616cc77151455d46ed48f5589b7db7771a332b283"

test/fixtures/eckey.js

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+module.exports = {
+  "valid": [
+    {
+      "D": "1",
+      "Q": "(55066263022277343669578718895168534326250603453777594175500187360389116729240,32670510020758816978083085130507043184471273380659243275938904335757337482424)",
+      "WIFs": [
+        {
+          "network": "bitcoin",
+          "string": "KwDiBf89QgGbjEhKnhXJuH7LrciVrZi3qYjgd9M7rFU73sVHnoWn",
+          "compressed": true
+        },
+        {
+          "network": "bitcoin",
+          "string": "5HpHagT65TZzG1PH3CSu63k8DbpvD8s5ip4nEB3kEsreAnchuDf",
+          "compressed": false
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "D": "19898843618908353587043383062236220484949425084007183071220218307100305431102",
+      "Q": "(83225686012142088543596389522774768397204444195709443235253141114409346958144,23739058578904784236915560265041168694780215705543362357495033621678991351768)",
+      "WIFs": [
+        {
+          "network": "bitcoin",
+          "string": "KxhEDBQyyEFymvfJD96q8stMbJMbZUb6D1PmXqBWZDU2WvbvVs9o",
+          "compressed": true
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "D": "48968302285117906840285529799176770990048954789747953886390402978935544927851",
+      "Q": "(30095590000961171681152428142595206241714764354580127609094760797518133922356,93521207164355458151597931319591130635754976513751247168472016818884561919702)",
+      "WIFs": [
+        {
+          "network": "bitcoin",
+          "string": "KzrA86mCVMGWnLGBQu9yzQa32qbxb5dvSK4XhyjjGAWSBKYX4rHx",
+          "compressed": true
+        },
+        {
+          "network": "bitcoin",
+          "string": "5JdxzLtFPHNe7CAL8EBC6krdFv9pwPoRo4e3syMZEQT9srmK8hh",
+          "compressed": false
+        },
+        {
+          "network": "testnet",
+          "string": "cRD9b1m3vQxmwmjSoJy7Mj56f4uNFXjcWMCzpQCEmHASS4edEwXv",
+          "compressed": true
+        },
+        {
+          "network": "testnet",
+          "string": "92Qba5hnyWSn5Ffcka56yMQauaWY6ZLd91Vzxbi4a9CCetaHtYj",
+          "compressed": false
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "D": "115792089237316195423570985008687907852837564279074904382605163141518161494336",
+      "Q": "(55066263022277343669578718895168534326250603453777594175500187360389116729240,83121579216557378445487899878180864668798711284981320763518679672151497189239)",
+      "WIFs": [
+        {
+          "network": "bitcoin",
+          "string": "L5oLkpV3aqBjhki6LmvChTCV6odsp4SXM6FfU2Gppt5kFLaHLuZ9",
+          "compressed": true
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ],
+  "invalid": {
+    "constructor": [
+      {
+        "description": "Private key ZERO",
+        "D": "0"
+      },
+      {
+        "description": "Private key equal to the curve order",
+        "D": "115792089237316195423570985008687907852837564279074904382605163141518161494337"
+      },
+      {
+        "description": "Private key greater than the curve order",
+        "D": "115792089237316195423570985008687907853269984665640564039457584007913129639935"
+      }
+    ],
+    "WIF": [
+      {
+        "description": "Invalid compression flag",
+        "string": "ju9rooVsmagsb4qmNyTysUSFB1GB6MdpD7eoGjUTPmZRAApJxRz"
+      },
+      {
+        "description": "Payload too short",
+        "string": "7ZEtRQLhCsDQrd6ZKfmcESdXgas8ggZPN24ByEi5ey6VJW"
+      },
+      {
+        "description": "Payload too long",
+        "string": "5qibUKwsnMo1qDiNp3prGaQkD2JfVJa8F8Na87H2CkMHvuVg6uKhw67Rh"
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+}

test/hdwallet.js

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ describe('HDWallet', function() {
     it('creates from binary seed', function() {
       var hd = new HDWallet(seed)
 
-      assert.equal(hd.priv.toHex(), expectedPrivateKey)
+      assert.equal(hd.priv.D.toHex(), expectedPrivateKey)
       assert(hd.pub)
     })
 
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ describe('HDWallet', function() {
       it('creates from hex seed', function() {
         var hd = HDWallet.fromSeedHex(seed.toString('hex'))
 
-        assert.equal(hd.priv.toHex(), expectedPrivateKey)
+        assert.equal(hd.priv.D.toHex(), expectedPrivateKey)
         assert(hd.pub)
       })
     })
@@ -63,7 +63,6 @@ describe('HDWallet', function() {
       assert.equal(b2h(hd.getIdentifier()), '3442193e1bb70916e914552172cd4e2dbc9df811')
       assert.equal(b2h(hd.getFingerprint()), '3442193e')
       assert.equal(hd.getAddress().toString(), '15mKKb2eos1hWa6tisdPwwDC1a5J1y9nma')
-      assert.equal(hd.priv.toHex(), 'e8f32e723decf4051aefac8e2c93c9c5b214313817cdb01a1494b917c8436b35')
       assert.equal(hd.priv.toWIF(), 'L52XzL2cMkHxqxBXRyEpnPQZGUs3uKiL3R11XbAdHigRzDozKZeW')
       assert.equal(hd.pub.toHex(), '0339a36013301597daef41fbe593a02cc513d0b55527ec2df1050e2e8ff49c85c2')
       assert.equal(b2h(hd.chaincode), '873dff81c02f525623fd1fe5167eac3a55a049de3d314bb42ee227ffed37d508')
@@ -77,7 +76,6 @@ describe('HDWallet', function() {
       assert.equal(b2h(hd.getIdentifier()), '5c1bd648ed23aa5fd50ba52b2457c11e9e80a6a7')
       assert.equal(b2h(hd.getFingerprint()), '5c1bd648')
       assert.equal(hd.getAddress().toString(), '19Q2WoS5hSS6T8GjhK8KZLMgmWaq4neXrh')
-      assert.equal(hd.priv.toHex().slice(0, 64), 'edb2e14f9ee77d26dd93b4ecede8d16ed408ce149b6cd80b0715a2d911a0afea')
       assert.equal(hd.priv.toWIF(), 'L5BmPijJjrKbiUfG4zbiFKNqkvuJ8usooJmzuD7Z8dkRoTThYnAT')
       assert.equal(hd.pub.toHex(), '035a784662a4a20a65bf6aab9ae98a6c068a81c52e4b032c0fb5400c706cfccc56')
       assert.equal(b2h(hd.chaincode), '47fdacbd0f1097043b78c63c20c34ef4ed9a111d980047ad16282c7ae6236141')
@@ -91,7 +89,6 @@ describe('HDWallet', function() {
       assert.equal(b2h(hd.getIdentifier()), 'bef5a2f9a56a94aab12459f72ad9cf8cf19c7bbe')
       assert.equal(b2h(hd.getFingerprint()), 'bef5a2f9')
       assert.equal(hd.getAddress().toString(), '1JQheacLPdM5ySCkrZkV66G2ApAXe1mqLj')
-      assert.equal(hd.priv.toHex().slice(0, 64), '3c6cb8d0f6a264c91ea8b5030fadaa8e538b020f0a387421a12de9319dc93368')
       assert.equal(hd.priv.toWIF(), 'KyFAjQ5rgrKvhXvNMtFB5PCSKUYD1yyPEe3xr3T34TZSUHycXtMM')
       assert.equal(hd.pub.toHex(), '03501e454bf00751f24b1b489aa925215d66af2234e3891c3b21a52bedb3cd711c')
       assert.equal(b2h(hd.chaincode), '2a7857631386ba23dacac34180dd1983734e444fdbf774041578e9b6adb37c19')
@@ -105,7 +102,6 @@ describe('HDWallet', function() {
       assert.equal(b2h(hd.getIdentifier()), 'ee7ab90cde56a8c0e2bb086ac49748b8db9dce72')
       assert.equal(b2h(hd.getFingerprint()), 'ee7ab90c')
       assert.equal(hd.getAddress().toString(), '1NjxqbA9aZWnh17q1UW3rB4EPu79wDXj7x')
-      assert.equal(hd.priv.toHex().slice(0, 64), 'cbce0d719ecf7431d88e6a89fa1483e02e35092af60c042b1df2ff59fa424dca')
       assert.equal(hd.priv.toWIF(), 'L43t3od1Gh7Lj55Bzjj1xDAgJDcL7YFo2nEcNaMGiyRZS1CidBVU')
       assert.equal(hd.pub.toHex(), '0357bfe1e341d01c69fe5654309956cbea516822fba8a601743a012a7896ee8dc2')
       assert.equal(b2h(hd.chaincode), '04466b9cc8e161e966409ca52986c584f07e9dc81f735db683c3ff6ec7b1503f')
@@ -119,7 +115,6 @@ describe('HDWallet', function() {
       assert.equal(b2h(hd.getIdentifier()), 'd880d7d893848509a62d8fb74e32148dac68412f')
       assert.equal(b2h(hd.getFingerprint()), 'd880d7d8')
       assert.equal(hd.getAddress().toString(), '1LjmJcdPnDHhNTUgrWyhLGnRDKxQjoxAgt')
-      assert.equal(hd.priv.toHex().slice(0, 64), '0f479245fb19a38a1954c5c7c0ebab2f9bdfd96a17563ef28a6a4b1a2a764ef4')
       assert.equal(hd.priv.toWIF(), 'KwjQsVuMjbCP2Zmr3VaFaStav7NvevwjvvkqrWd5Qmh1XVnCteBR')
       assert.equal(hd.pub.toHex(), '02e8445082a72f29b75ca48748a914df60622a609cacfce8ed0e35804560741d29')
       assert.equal(b2h(hd.chaincode), 'cfb71883f01676f587d023cc53a35bc7f88f724b1f8c2892ac1275ac822a3edd')
@@ -133,7 +128,6 @@ describe('HDWallet', function() {
       assert.equal(b2h(hd.getIdentifier()), 'd69aa102255fed74378278c7812701ea641fdf32')
       assert.equal(b2h(hd.getFingerprint()), 'd69aa102')
       assert.equal(hd.getAddress().toString(), '1LZiqrop2HGR4qrH1ULZPyBpU6AUP49Uam')
-      assert.equal(hd.priv.toHex().slice(0, 64), '471b76e389e528d6de6d816857e012c5455051cad6660850e58372a6c3e6e7c8')
       assert.equal(hd.priv.toWIF(), 'Kybw8izYevo5xMh1TK7aUr7jHFCxXS1zv8p3oqFz3o2zFbhRXHYs')
       assert.equal(hd.pub.toHex(), '022a471424da5e657499d1ff51cb43c47481a03b1e77f951fe64cec9f5a48f7011')
       assert.equal(b2h(hd.chaincode), 'c783e67b921d2beb8f6b389cc646d7263b4145701dadd2161548a8b078e65e9e')
@@ -150,7 +144,6 @@ describe('HDWallet', function() {
       assert.equal(b2h(hd.getIdentifier()), 'bd16bee53961a47d6ad888e29545434a89bdfe95')
       assert.equal(b2h(hd.getFingerprint()), 'bd16bee5')
       assert.equal(hd.getAddress().toString(), '1JEoxevbLLG8cVqeoGKQiAwoWbNYSUyYjg')
-      assert.equal(hd.priv.toHex().slice(0, 64), '4b03d6fc340455b363f51020ad3ecca4f0850280cf436c70c727923f6db46c3e')
       assert.equal(hd.priv.toWIF(), 'KyjXhyHF9wTphBkfpxjL8hkDXDUSbE3tKANT94kXSyh6vn6nKaoy')
       assert.equal(hd.pub.toHex(), '03cbcaa9c98c877a26977d00825c956a238e8dddfbd322cce4f74b0b5bd6ace4a7')
       assert.equal(b2h(hd.chaincode), '60499f801b896d83179a4374aeb7822aaeaceaa0db1f85ee3e904c4defbd9689')
@@ -164,7 +157,6 @@ describe('HDWallet', function() {
       assert.equal(b2h(hd.getIdentifier()), '5a61ff8eb7aaca3010db97ebda76121610b78096')
       assert.equal(b2h(hd.getFingerprint()), '5a61ff8e')
       assert.equal(hd.getAddress().toString(), '19EuDJdgfRkwCmRzbzVBHZWQG9QNWhftbZ')
-      assert.equal(hd.priv.toHex().slice(0, 64), 'abe74a98f6c7eabee0428f53798f0ab8aa1bd37873999041703c742f15ac7e1e')
       assert.equal(hd.priv.toWIF(), 'L2ysLrR6KMSAtx7uPqmYpoTeiRzydXBattRXjXz5GDFPrdfPzKbj')
       assert.equal(hd.pub.toHex(), '02fc9e5af0ac8d9b3cecfe2a888e2117ba3d089d8585886c9c826b6b22a98d12ea')
       assert.equal(b2h(hd.chaincode), 'f0909affaa7ee7abe5dd4e100598d4dc53cd709d5a5c2cac40e7412f232f7c9c')
@@ -178,7 +170,6 @@ describe('HDWallet', function() {
       assert.equal(b2h(hd.getIdentifier()), 'd8ab493736da02f11ed682f88339e720fb0379d1')
       assert.equal(b2h(hd.getFingerprint()), 'd8ab4937')
       assert.equal(hd.getAddress().toString(), '1Lke9bXGhn5VPrBuXgN12uGUphrttUErmk')
-      assert.equal(hd.priv.toHex().slice(0, 64), '877c779ad9687164e9c2f4f0f4ff0340814392330693ce95a58fe18fd52e6e93')
       assert.equal(hd.priv.toWIF(), 'L1m5VpbXmMp57P3knskwhoMTLdhAAaXiHvnGLMribbfwzVRpz2Sr')
       assert.equal(hd.pub.toHex(), '03c01e7425647bdefa82b12d9bad5e3e6865bee0502694b94ca58b666abc0a5c3b')
       assert.equal(b2h(hd.chaincode), 'be17a268474a6bb9c61e1d720cf6215e2a88c5406c4aee7b38547f585c9a37d9')
@@ -192,7 +183,6 @@ describe('HDWallet', function() {
       assert.equal(b2h(hd.getIdentifier()), '78412e3a2296a40de124307b6485bd19833e2e34')
       assert.equal(b2h(hd.getFingerprint()), '78412e3a')
       assert.equal(hd.getAddress().toString(), '1BxrAr2pHpeBheusmd6fHDP2tSLAUa3qsW')
-      assert.equal(hd.priv.toHex().slice(0, 64), '704addf544a06e5ee4bea37098463c23613da32020d604506da8c0518e1da4b7')
       assert.equal(hd.priv.toWIF(), 'KzyzXnznxSv249b4KuNkBwowaN3akiNeEHy5FWoPCJpStZbEKXN2')
       assert.equal(hd.pub.toHex(), '03a7d1d856deb74c508e05031f9895dab54626251b3806e16b4bd12e781a7df5b9')
       assert.equal(b2h(hd.chaincode), 'f366f48f1ea9f2d1d3fe958c95ca84ea18e4c4ddb9366c336c927eb246fb38cb')
@@ -206,7 +196,6 @@ describe('HDWallet', function() {
       assert.equal(b2h(hd.getIdentifier()), '31a507b815593dfc51ffc7245ae7e5aee304246e')
       assert.equal(b2h(hd.getFingerprint()), '31a507b8')
       assert.equal(hd.getAddress().toString(), '15XVotxCAV7sRx1PSCkQNsGw3W9jT9A94R')
-      assert.equal(hd.priv.toHex().slice(0, 64), 'f1c7c871a54a804afe328b4c83a1c33b8e5ff48f5087273f04efa83b247d6a2d')
       assert.equal(hd.priv.toWIF(), 'L5KhaMvPYRW1ZoFmRjUtxxPypQ94m6BcDrPhqArhggdaTbbAFJEF')
       assert.equal(hd.pub.toHex(), '02d2b36900396c9282fa14628566582f206a5dd0bcc8d5e892611806cafb0301f0')
       assert.equal(b2h(hd.chaincode), '637807030d55d01f9a0cb3a7839515d796bd07706386a6eddf06cc29a65a0e29')
@@ -220,7 +209,6 @@ describe('HDWallet', function() {
       assert.equal(b2h(hd.getIdentifier()), '26132fdbe7bf89cbc64cf8dafa3f9f88b8666220')
       assert.equal(b2h(hd.getFingerprint()), '26132fdb')
       assert.equal(hd.getAddress().toString(), '14UKfRV9ZPUp6ZC9PLhqbRtxdihW9em3xt')
-      assert.equal(hd.priv.toHex().slice(0, 64), 'bb7d39bdb83ecf58f2fd82b6d918341cbef428661ef01ab97c28a4842125ac23')
       assert.equal(hd.priv.toWIF(), 'L3WAYNAZPxx1fr7KCz7GN9nD5qMBnNiqEJNJMU1z9MMaannAt4aK')
       assert.equal(hd.pub.toHex(), '024d902e1a2fc7a8755ab5b694c575fce742c48d9ff192e63df5193e4c7afe1f9c')
       assert.equal(b2h(hd.chaincode), '9452b549be8cea3ecb7a84bec10dcfd94afe4d129ebfd3b3cb58eedf394ed271')