This updates the findcheckpoint utility to work when there are not
already any checkpoints. This doesn't really matter for Bitcoin at the
current time, but if a new testnet is created it will not have any
checkpoints to start with and this change also means the utility can
work for alts.
While here, switch a couple of error prints to ensure they contain a
final newline.
This removes the intermediate transaction log that was introduced as a
part of the database cache as a workaround for leveldb batches causing
massive memory usage spikes in favor of the recently introduced leveldb
transaction interface which no longer has the memory usage issues.
This approach is preferred because it can avoid the extra memory needed
for the transaction log and therefore all of the intermediate states as
well. As a result, the default cache size has been doubled since it
equals roughly the same amount of overall memory usage and the flush
interval has been raised as well.
Dynamic ban scores consist of a persistent and a decaying component. The
persistent score can be used to create simple additive banning policies
simlar to those found in other bitcoin node implementations. The
decaying score enables the creation of evasive logic which handles
misbehaving peers (especially application layer DoS attacks) gracefully
by disconnecting and banning peers attempting various kinds of flooding.
Dynamic ban scores allow these two approaches to be used in tandem.
This pull request includes the following:
- Dynamic ban score type & functions, with tests for core functionality
- Ban score of connected peers can be queried via rpc (getpeerinfo)
- Example policy with decaying score increments on mempool and getdata
- Logging of misbehavior once half of the ban threshold is reached
- Banning logic can be disabled via configuration (enabled by default)
- User defined ban threshold can be set via configuration
This updates a couple of logging statements to use the serverPeer
instance instead of the embedded peer.Peer so they are consistent with
all of the other log statements.
This commit does not change functionality. It makes the creation of inbound and outbound peers more homogeneous. As a result the Start method of peer was removed as it was found not to be necessary. This is the first of several pull requests/commits designed to make the peer public API and internals less complex.
This implements the wire protocol encoding portion of a new
sendheaders message as described by BIP0130. It purpose is to request
that a peer sends header commands instead of inv commands when
announcing new blocks. This includes a protocol version bump to 70012
and a wire version bump to 0.4.0.
Note that this does not implement logic to handle the command in btcd,
rather it only makes the command available at the wire protocol level.
A future commit which honors the command and therefore provides full
BIP0130 support is still required.
This optimizes the filter address handling code in the RPC server
handleSearchRawTransasctions path in a few ways:
- Only normalize the filter addresses provided in the command once
rather than for every transaction being returned
- Reset the passes filter flag just before it's used
- Use a local for the encoded address to avoid the bounds checking
overhead of accessing it from the slice
- Avoiding subsequent map lookups once the filter has already passed
Also, while here, modify a few of the related comments to match code
style and consistency.
This modifies the conversion of the output index from the JSON-based
test data for valid and invalid transactions as well as the signature
hash type for signature hash tests to first convert to a signed int and
then to an unsigned int. This is necessary because the result of a
direct conversion of a float to an unsigned int is implementation
dependent and doesn't result in the expected value on all platforms.
Also, while here, change the function names in the error prints to match
the actual names.
Fixes#600.
This modifies the test for createrawtransaction to specify the constant
size passed as an int64. This is necessary because the NewCmd function
accepts the parameters as interfaces in order to support varargs and a
raw numeric constant is treated as an integer. Since the constant value
is larger than an int32, this causes certain platforms like ARM which
treat a raw integer as a 32-bit integer to fail to compile.
This is work towards #600.
This commit adds a database cache layer to the ffldb database backend so
that callers can commit multiple transactions without having to incur
the overhead of a disk sync on every new block.
This commit contains a complete redesign and rewrite of the database
package that approaches things in a vastly different manner than the
previous version. This is the first part of several stages that will be
needed to ultimately make use of this new package.
Some of the reason for this were discussed in #255, however a quick
summary is as follows:
- The previous database could only contain blocks on the main chain and
reorgs required deleting the blocks from the database. This made it
impossible to store orphans and could make external RPC calls for
information about blocks during the middle of a reorg fail.
- The previous database interface forced a high level of bitcoin-specific
intelligence such as spend tracking into each backend driver.
- The aforementioned point led to making it difficult to implement new
backend drivers due to the need to repeat a lot of non-trivial logic
which is better handled at a higher layer, such as the blockchain
package.
- The old database stored all blocks in leveldb. This made it extremely
inefficient to do things such as lookup headers and individual
transactions since the entire block had to be loaded from leveldb (which
entails it doing data copies) to get access.
In order to address all of these concerns, and others not mentioned, the
database interface has been redesigned as follows:
- Two main categories of functionality are provided: block storage and
metadata storage
- All block storage and metadata storage are done via read-only and
read-write MVCC transactions with both manual and managed modes
- Support for multiple concurrent readers and a single writer
- Readers use a snapshot and therefore are not blocked by the writer
- Some key properties of the block storage and retrieval API:
- It is generic and does NOT contain additional bitcoin logic such spend
tracking and block linking
- Provides access to the raw serialized bytes so deserialization is not
forced for callers that don't need it
- Support for fetching headers via independent functions which allows
implementations to provide significant optimizations
- Ability to efficiently retrieve arbitrary regions of blocks
(transactions, scripts, etc)
- A rich metadata storage API is provided:
- Key/value with arbitrary data
- Support for buckets and nested buckets
- Bucket iteration through a couple of different mechanisms
- Cursors for efficient and direct key seeking
- Supports registration of backend database implementations
- Comprehensive test coverage
- Provides strong documentation with example usage
This commit also contains an implementation of the previously discussed
interface named ffldb (flat file plus leveldb metadata backend). Here
is a quick overview:
- Highly optimized for read performance with consistent write performance
regardless of database size
- All blocks are stored in flat files on the file system
- Bulk block region fetching is optimized to perform linear reads which
improves performance on spindle disks
- Anti-corruption mechanisms:
- Flat files contain full block checksums to quickly an easily detect
database corruption without needing to do expensive merkle root
calculations
- Metadata checksums
- Open reconciliation
- Extensive test coverage:
- Comprehensive blackbox interface testing
- Whitebox testing which uses intimate knowledge to exercise uncommon
failure paths such as deleting files out from under the database
- Corruption tests (replacing random data in the files)
In addition, this commit also contains a new tool under the new database
directory named dbtool which provides a few basic commands for testing the
database. It is designed around commands, so it could be useful to expand
on in the future.
Finally, this commit addresses the following issues:
- Adds support for and therefore closes#255
- Fixes#199
- Fixes#201
- Implements and closes#256
- Obsoletes and closes#257
- Closes#247 once the required chain and btcd modifications are in place
to make use of this new code
This implementation ensures that all addresses have an equal chance of
being included in the addr message. It also moves the pseudorandom number
generator seeding to package level so that it can be overridden for
testing if required.
When a persistent peer is disconnected (for example due to a
network timeout), a connection retry is issued. The logic for
doing so failed to remove the peer from the peerState, causing
dead peer connections to fill the peerState. Since connections
in the peerState are counted towards the maxPeers limit, this
would cause btcd to eventually stop retrying connection.
This commit fixes the issue by properly removing the peer from
the peerState.
The getaddr msg is usually replied to with an addr msg, but if
the other peer does not have any addresses to share it will not
reply at all (instead of replying with an addr msg with 0 addresses).
Therefore, the getaddr msg is not guaranteed a reply, so this commit
removes it from stall detection to avoid incorrectly kicking
such peers.
In case of an error during protocol negotiation in handleVersionMsg,
immediately break out and prevent further processing of OnVersion
listener which generally depends upon peer attributes like NA to be set
during the negotiation. Fixes#579.
The CPU miner relies on the mempool, so the mempool has to be created
before calling the function to create the CPU miner. When PR #568
introduced the mempool config struct, it moved the mempool creation
after the miner creation, which leads to the CPU miner crashing due to
trying to access a nil mempool.
This move the CPU miner creation after the mempool creation
appropriately.
This creates a skeleton mining package that simply contains a few of the
definitions used by the mining and mempool code.
This is a step towards decoupling the mining code from the internals of
btcd and ultimately will house all of the code related to creating block
templates and CPU mining.
The main reason a skeleton package is being created before the full
blown package is ready is to avoid blocking mempool separation which
relies on these type definitions.
This introduces the concept of a new interface named TxSource which aims
to generically provide a concurrent safe source of transactions to be
considered for inclusion in a new block. This is a step towards
decoupling the mining code from the internals of btcd. Ultimately the
intent is to create a separate mining package.
The new TxSource interface relies on a new struct named miningTxDesc,
which describes each entry in the transaction source. Once this code is
refactored into a separate mining package, the mining prefix can simply
be dropped leaving the type exported as mining.TxDesc.
To go along with this, the existing TxDesc type in the mempool has been
renamed to mempoolTxDesc and changed to embed the new miningTxDesc type.
This allows the mempool to efficiently implement the MiningTxDescs
method needed to satisfy the TxSource interface.
This approach effectively separates the direct reliance of the mining
code on the mempool and its data structures. Even though the memory
pool will still be the default concrete implementation of the interface,
making it an interface offers much more flexibility in terms of testing
and even provides the potential to allow more than one source (perhaps
multiple independent relay networks, for example).
Finally, the memory pool and all of the mining code has been updated to
implement and use the new interface.
This does three things:
- Splits the priority calculation logic from the TxDesc type
- Modifies the calcPriority function to perform the value age
calculation instead of accepting it as a parameter
- Changes the starting priority to be calculated when the transaction is
added to the pool
The first is useful as it is a step towards decoupling the mining code
from the internals of the memory pool. Also, the concept of priority is
related to mining policy, so it makes more sense to have the
calculations separate than being defined on the memory pool tx
descriptor.
The second change has been made because everywhere that uses the
calcPriority function first has to calculate the value age anyways and
by making it part of the function it can be avoided altogether in
certain circumstances thereby provided a bit of optimization.
The third change ensure the starting priority is safe for reentrancy
which will be important once the mempool is split into a separate
package.
This fixes an issue introduced during the peer refactor where persistent
peers that failed the initial connection are not retried as intended.
It also improves the retry logic as follows:
- Make the retry handler goroutine simply use a for loop instead of
launching a new goroutine for each backoff attempt. Even though
goroutines are fairly cheap to create, it is much more efficient to
simply loop
- Change the retry handler to accept a flag if it is the initial attempt
- Rather than dividing the const interval by 2 everywhere and passing
the retry duration in, just half the constant and set the initial
duration to it in the retry handler
Finally, include the address of the peer in the error message when a new
outbound peer can't be created.
This introduces the concept of a mining policy struct which is used to
control block template generation instead of directly accessing the
config struct. This is a step toward decoupling the mining code from
the internals of btcd. Ultimately the intent is to create a separate
mining package.
Now that the memory pool minimum fee calculation code is also
calculating a more precise value instead of rounding up to the nearest
kilobyte boundary, the comment in NewBlockTemplate regarding this
behavior is no longer accurate. Thus, this removes the comment.
Also, while here, change the calculation to use an int64 instead of
float since it matches the precision of the new calculation code used by
the memory pool and can also avoid the need for the slower floating
point math.
When the peer code was refactored, the lists of peers were converted to
maps however the code which runs when a peer disconnects still iterates
them like a slice. This is no longer necessary since they are maps
which means the peer can simply be looked up by its ID.
Also, the old code was comparing the map entry and the peer being
removed by their pointers which could lead to potentially not properly
finding the peer. This issue is also resolved by this change since it
looks up the peer by its ID.
This defines the peer stat fields directly in the Peer struct instead of
defining them in a separate struct and embedding them. It is slightly
more efficient this way and there is really no reason to have them
defined separately anyways since they are not passed around or otherwise
used independently.
