This modifies calcSignatureHash to use a shallow copy of the transaction
versus a deep copy since the actual scripts themselves are not modified
and therefore don't need to be copied.
This is being done because profiling the most overall allocated space
shows that the deep copy performed in calcSignatureHash accounts for
nearly 20% of all allocations on a synced running instance. Also,
copying all of the additional data makes it more time consuming as well.
With this change, that figure drops from ~20% to ~5% of all allocations.
The following benchmark shows the relative speedups and allocation
reduction as a result of the optimization on my system. In particular,
the changes result in approximately a 15% speedup and a whopping 99.89%
reduction in allocations when using a large transaction with thousands
of inputs which was the worst case scenario.
benchmark old allocs new allocs delta
--------------------------------------------------------------------
BenchmarkCalcSignatureHash 11151 12 -99.89%
benchmark old ns/op new ns/op delta
--------------------------------------------------------------------
BenchmarkCalcSignatureHash 3599845 3056359 -15.10%
This commit adds verification of the post-segwit standardness
requirement that all pubkeys involved in checks operations MUST be
serialized as compressed public keys. A new ScriptFlag has been added
to guard this behavior when executing scripts.
This commit modifies the op-code execution for OP_IF and OP_NOTIF to
enforce the additional “minimal if” constraints which require the
top-stack item when the op codes are encountered to be either an empty
vector, or exactly [0x01].
This commit implements the flag activation portion of BIP 0147. The
verification behavior triggered by the NULLDUMMY script verification
flag has been present within btcd for some time, however it wasn’t
activated by default.
With this commit, once segwit has activated, the ScriptStrictMultiSig
will also be activated within the Script VM. Additionally, the
ScriptStrictMultiSig is now a standard script verification flag which
is used unconditionally within the mempool.
This commit implements full witness program validation for the
currently defined version 0 witness programs. This includes validation
logic for nested p2sh, p2wsh, and p2wkh. Additionally, when in witness
validation mode, an additional set of constrains are enforced such as
using the new sighash digest algorithm and enforcing clean stack
behavior within witness programs.
This commit fixes an off-by-one error which is only manifested by the
new behavior of OP_CODESEPARATOR within sig hashes triggered by the
segwit behavior. The current behavior within the Script VM
(txscript.Engine) is known to be fully correct to the extent that it has
been verified. However, once segwit activates a consensus divergence
would emerge due to *when* the program counter was incremented in the
previous code (pre-this-commit).
Currently (pre-segwit) when calculating the pre-image to a transaction
sighash for signature verification, *all* instances of OP_CODESEPARATOR
are removed from the subScript being signed before generating the final
sighash. SegWit has additional nerfed the behavior of OP_CODESEPARATOR
by no longer removing them (and starting after the last instance), but
instead simply starting the subScript to be directly *after* the last
instance of an OP_CODESEPARATOR within the pkScript.
Due to this new behavior, without this commit, an off-by-one error
(which only matters post-segwit), would cause txscript to generate an
incorrect subScript since the instance of OP_CODESEPARATOR would remain
as part of the subScript instead of being sliced off as the new behavior
dictates. The off-by-one error itself is manifested due to a slight
divergence in txscript.Engine’s logic compared to Bitcoin Core. In
Bitcoin Core script verification is as follows: first the next op-code
is fetched, then program counter is incremented, and finally the op-code
itself is executed. Before this commit, btcd flipped the order
of the last two steps, executing the op-code *before* the program
counter was incremented.
This commit fixes the post-segwit consensus divergence by incrementing
the program-counter *before* the next op-code is executed. It is
important to note that this divergence is only significant post-segwit,
meaning that txscript.Engine is still consensus compliant independent of
this commit.
This commit introduces a series of internal and external helper
functions which enable the txscript package to be aware of the new
standard script templates introduced as part of BIP0141. The two new
standard script templates recognized are pay-to-witness-key-hash
(P2WKH) and pay-to-witness-script-hash (P2WSH).
This commit implements most of BIP0143 by adding logic to implement the
new sighash calculation, signing, and additionally introduces the
HashCache optimization which eliminates the O(N^2) computational
complexity for the SIGHASH_ALL sighash type.
The HashCache struct is the equivalent to the existing SigCache struct,
but for caching the reusable midstate for transactions which are
spending segwitty outputs.
The btclog package has been changed to defining its own logging
interface (rather than seelog's) and provides a default implementation
for callers to use.
There are two primary advantages to the new logger implementation.
First, all log messages are created before the call returns. Compared
to seelog, this prevents data races when mutable variables are logged.
Second, the new logger does not implement any kind of artifical rate
limiting (what seelog refers to as "adaptive logging"). Log messages
are outputted as soon as possible and the application will appear to
perform much better when watching standard output.
Because log rotation is not a feature of the btclog logging
implementation, it is handled by the main package by importing a file
rotation package that provides an io.Reader interface for creating
output to a rotating file output. The rotator has been configured
with the same defaults that btcd previously used in the seelog config
(10MB file limits with maximum of 3 rolls) but now compresses newly
created roll files. Due to the high compressibility of log text, the
compressed files typically reduce to around 15-30% of the original
10MB file.
The github markdown interpreter has been changed such that it no longer
allows spaces in between the brackets and parenthesis of links and now
requires a newline in between anchors and other formatting. This
updates all of the markdown files accordingly.
While here, it also corrects a couple of inconsistencies in some of the
README.md files.
Now that glide is used for version management and a specific commit of
the upstream repository can be locked it is no longer necessary to
maintain a fork of the package specifically to keep a stable dependency.
While here, update the glide dependency for btcutil as well since it was
switched to use the upstream path as well.
This simplifies the code based on the recommendations of the gosimple
lint tool.
Also, it increases the deadline for the linters to run to 10 minutes and
reduces the number of threads that is uses. This is being done because
the Travis environment has become increasingly slower and it also seems
to be hampered by too many threads running concurrently.
ScriptVerifyNullFail defines that signatures must be empty if a
CHECKSIG or CHECKMULTISIG operation fails.
This commit also enables ScriptVerifyNullFail at the mempool policy
level.
This updates the data driven transaction script tests to use the most
recent format and test data as implemented by Core so the test data can
more easily be updated and help prove cross-compatibility correctness.
In particular, the new format combines the previously separate valid and
invalid test data files into a single file and adds a field for the
expected result. This is a nice improvement since it means tests can
now ensure script failures are due to a specific expected reason as
opposed to only generically detecting failure as the previous format
required.
The btcd script engine typically returns more fine grained errors than
the test data expects, so the test adapter handles this by allowing
expected errors in the test data to be mapped to multiple txscript
errors.
It should also be noted that the tests related to segwit have been
stripped from the data since the segwit PR has not landed in master yet,
however the test adapter does recognize the new ability for optional
segwit data to be supplied, though it will need to properly construct
the transaction using that data when the time comes.
This converts the majority of script errors from generic errors created
via errors.New and fmt.Errorf to use a concrete type that implements the
error interface with an error code and description.
This allows callers to programmatically detect the type of error via
type assertions and an error code while still allowing the errors to
provide more context.
For example, instead of just having an error the reads "disabled opcode"
as would happen prior to these changes when a disabled opcode is
encountered, the error will now read "attempt to execute disabled opcode
OP_FOO".
While it was previously possible to programmatically detect many errors
due to them being exported, they provided no additional context and
there were also various instances that were just returning errors
created on the spot which callers could not reliably detect without
resorting to looking at the actual error message, which is nearly always
bad practice.
Also, while here, export the MaxStackSize and MaxScriptSize constants
since they can be useful for consumers of the package and perform some
minor cleanup of some of the tests.
The CSV consensus rules dictate that the opcode fails when the
transaction version is not at least version 2, however that only applies
if the disable flag is not set in the sequence.
This is not an issue at the current time because we do not yet enforce
CSV at a consensus level, however, I noticed this discrepancy when doing
a thorough audit of the CSV paths due to the ongoing work to add full
consensus-enforced CSV support.
As a result, this must be merged prior to enabling consensus enforcement
for CSV or it would open up the potential for a hard fork.
This modifies the NewMsgTx function to accept the transaction version as
a parameter and updates all callers.
The reason for this change is so the transaction version can be bumped
in wire without breaking existing tests and to provide the caller with
the flexibility to create the specific transaction version they desire.
This modifies the recently-added NullDataScript function in several
ways in an effort to make them more consistent with the tests in the
rest of the code base and improve/correct the logic:
- Use the hexToBytes and mustParseShortForm functions
- Consistently format the test errors
- Replace the valid bool flag with an expected error and test against it
- Ensure the returned script type is the expected type in all cases
This adds a new function named NullDataScript to the txscript package that returns a provably-pruneable OP_RETURN script with the provided data. The function will return an error if the provided data is larger than the maximum allowed length for a nulldata script to be be considered standard.
Putting the test code in the same package makes it easier for forks
since they don't have to change the import paths as much and it also
gets rid of the need for internal_test.go to bridge.
Also, do some light cleanup on a few tests while here.
This corrects the isNullData standard transaction type test to work
properly with canonically-encoded data pushes. In particular, single
byte data pushes that are small integers (0-16) are converted to the
equivalent numeric opcodes when canonically encoded and the code failed
to detect them properly.
It also adds several tests to ensure that both canonical and
non-canonical nulldata scripts are recognized properly and modifies the
test failure print to include the script that failed.
This does not affect consensus since it is just a standardness check.
This exposes a new function on the ScriptBuilder type named AddOps that
allows multiple opcodes to be added via a single call and adds tests to
exercise the new function.
Finally, it updates a couple of places in the signing code that were
abusing the interface by setting its private script directly to use the
new public function instead.
This is mostly a backport of some of the same modifications made in
Decred along with a few additional things cleaned up. In particular,
this updates the code to make use of the new chainhash package.
Also, since this required API changes anyways and the hash algorithm is
no longer tied specifically to SHA, all other functions throughout the
code base which had "Sha" in their name have been changed to Hash so
they are not incorrectly implying the hash algorithm.
The following is an overview of the changes:
- Remove the wire.ShaHash type
- Update all references to wire.ShaHash to the new chainhash.Hash type
- Rename the following functions and update all references:
- wire.BlockHeader.BlockSha -> BlockHash
- wire.MsgBlock.BlockSha -> BlockHash
- wire.MsgBlock.TxShas -> TxHashes
- wire.MsgTx.TxSha -> TxHash
- blockchain.ShaHashToBig -> HashToBig
- peer.ShaFunc -> peer.HashFunc
- Rename all variables that included sha in their name to include hash
instead
- Update for function name changes in other dependent packages such as
btcutil
- Update copyright dates on all modified files
- Update glide.lock file to use the required version of btcutil
This changes the script template parsing function to use a pointer into
the constant global opcode array for parsed opcodes as opposed to making
a copy of the opcode entries which causes unnecessary allocations.
Profiling showed that after roughly 48 hours of operation, this
copy was the culprit of 207 million unnecessary allocations.
Profiles discovered that lookups into the signature cache included an
expensive comparison to the stored `sigInfo` struct. This lookup had the
potential to be more expensive than directly verifying the signature
itself!
In addition, evictions were rather expensive because they involved
reading from /dev/urandom, or equivalent, for each eviction once the
signature cache was full as well as potentially iterating over every
item in the cache in the worst-case.
To remedy this poor performance several changes have been made:
* Change the lookup key to the fixed sized 32-byte signature hash
* Perform a full equality check only if there is a cache hit which
results in a significant speed up for both insertions and existence
checks
* Override entries in the case of a colliding hash on insert Add an
* .IsEqual() method to the Signature and PublicKey types in the
btcec package to facilitate easy equivalence testing
* Allocate the signature cache map with the max number of entries in
order to avoid unnecessary map re-sizes/allocations
* Optimize evictions from the signature cache Delete the first entry
* seen which is safe from manipulation due to
the pre image resistance of the hash function
* Double the default maximum number of entries within the signature
cache due to the reduction in the size of a cache entry
* With this eviction scheme, removals are effectively O(1)
Fixes#575.
