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This adds a full-blown testing infrastructure in order to test consensus validation rules. It is built around the idea of dynamically generating full blocks that target specific rules linked together to form a block chain. In order to properly test the rules, each test instance starts with a valid block that is then modified in the specific way needed to test a specific rule. Blocks which exercise following rules have been added for this initial version. These tests were largely ported from the original Java-based 'official' block acceptance tests as well as some additional tests available in the Core python port. It is expected that further tests can be added over time as consensus rules change. * Enough valid blocks to have a stable base of mature coinbases to spend for futher tests * Basic forking and chain reorganization * Double spends on forks * Too much proof-of-work coinbase (extending main chain, in block that forces a reorg, and in a valid fork) * Max and too many signature operations via various combinations of OP_CHECKSIG, OP_MULTISIG, OP_CHECKSIGVERIFY, and OP_MULTISIGVERIFY * Too many and max signature operations with offending sigop after invalid data push * Max and too many signature operations via pay-to-script-hash redeem scripts * Attempt to spend tx created on a different fork * Attempt to spend immature coinbase (on main chain and fork) * Max size block and block that exceeds the max size * Children of rejected blocks are either orphans or rejected * Coinbase script too small and too large * Max length coinbase script * Attempt to spend tx in blocks that failed to connect * Valid non-coinbase tx in place of coinbase * Block with no transactions * Invalid proof-of-work * Block with a timestamp too far in the future * Invalid merkle root * Invalid proof-of-work limit (bits header field) * Negative proof-of-work limit (bits header field) * Two coinbase transactions * Duplicate transactions * Spend from transaction that does not exist * Timestamp exactly at and one second after the median time * Blocks with same hash via merkle root tricks * Spend from transaction index that is out of range * Transaction that spends more that its inputs provide * Transaction with same hash as an existing tx that has not been fully spent (BIP0030) * Non-final coinbase and non-coinbase txns * Max size block with canonical encoding which exceeds max size with non-canonical encoding * Spend from transaction earlier in same block * Spend from transaction later in same block * Double spend transaction from earlier in same block * Coinbase that pays more than subsidy + fees * Coinbase that includes subsidy + fees * Invalid opcode in dead execution path * Reorganization of txns with OP_RETURN outputs * Spend of an OP_RETURN output * Transaction with multiple OP_RETURN outputs * Large max-sized block reorganization test (disabled by default since it takes a long time and a lot of memory to run) Finally, the README.md files in the main and docs directories have been updated to reflect the use of the new testing framework. |
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|---|---|---|
| .. | ||
| fullblocktests | ||
| indexers | ||
| testdata | ||
| accept.go | ||
| bench_test.go | ||
| blocklocator.go | ||
| chain.go | ||
| chain_test.go | ||
| chainio.go | ||
| chainio_test.go | ||
| checkpoints.go | ||
| common_test.go | ||
| compress.go | ||
| compress_test.go | ||
| difficulty.go | ||
| difficulty_test.go | ||
| doc.go | ||
| error.go | ||
| error_test.go | ||
| example_test.go | ||
| fullblocks_test.go | ||
| internal_test.go | ||
| log.go | ||
| mediantime.go | ||
| mediantime_test.go | ||
| merkle.go | ||
| merkle_test.go | ||
| notifications.go | ||
| process.go | ||
| README.md | ||
| reorganization_test.go | ||
| scriptval.go | ||
| scriptval_test.go | ||
| timesorter.go | ||
| timesorter_test.go | ||
| utxoviewpoint.go | ||
| validate.go | ||
| validate_test.go | ||
blockchain
[
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(https://travis-ci.org/btcsuite/btcd) ![ISC License]
(http://img.shields.io/badge/license-ISC-blue.svg)
[
]
(http://godoc.org/github.com/btcsuite/btcd/blockchain)
Package blockchain implements bitcoin block handling and chain selection rules.
The test coverage is currently only around 60%, but will be increasing over
time. See test_coverage.txt for the gocov coverage report. Alternatively, if
you are running a POSIX OS, you can run the cov_report.sh script for a
real-time report. Package blockchain is licensed under the liberal ISC license.
There is an associated blog post about the release of this package here.
This package has intentionally been designed so it can be used as a standalone package for any projects needing to handle processing of blocks into the bitcoin block chain.
Installation and Updating
$ go get -u github.com/btcsuite/btcd/blockchain
Bitcoin Chain Processing Overview
Before a block is allowed into the block chain, it must go through an intensive series of validation rules. The following list serves as a general outline of those rules to provide some intuition into what is going on under the hood, but is by no means exhaustive:
- Reject duplicate blocks
- Perform a series of sanity checks on the block and its transactions such as verifying proof of work, timestamps, number and character of transactions, transaction amounts, script complexity, and merkle root calculations
- Compare the block against predetermined checkpoints for expected timestamps and difficulty based on elapsed time since the checkpoint
- Save the most recent orphan blocks for a limited time in case their parent blocks become available
- Stop processing if the block is an orphan as the rest of the processing depends on the block's position within the block chain
- Perform a series of more thorough checks that depend on the block's position within the block chain such as verifying block difficulties adhere to difficulty retarget rules, timestamps are after the median of the last several blocks, all transactions are finalized, checkpoint blocks match, and block versions are in line with the previous blocks
- Determine how the block fits into the chain and perform different actions accordingly in order to ensure any side chains which have higher difficulty than the main chain become the new main chain
- When a block is being connected to the main chain (either through reorganization of a side chain to the main chain or just extending the main chain), perform further checks on the block's transactions such as verifying transaction duplicates, script complexity for the combination of connected scripts, coinbase maturity, double spends, and connected transaction values
- Run the transaction scripts to verify the spender is allowed to spend the coins
- Insert the block into the block database
Examples
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[ProcessBlock Example] (http://godoc.org/github.com/btcsuite/btcd/blockchain#example-BlockChain-ProcessBlock)
Demonstrates how to create a new chain instance and use ProcessBlock to attempt to attempt add a block to the chain. This example intentionally attempts to insert a duplicate genesis block to illustrate how an invalid block is handled. -
[CompactToBig Example] (http://godoc.org/github.com/btcsuite/btcd/blockchain#example-CompactToBig)
Demonstrates how to convert the compact "bits" in a block header which represent the target difficulty to a big integer and display it using the typical hex notation. -
[BigToCompact Example] (http://godoc.org/github.com/btcsuite/btcd/blockchain#example-BigToCompact)
Demonstrates how to convert how to convert a target difficulty into the compact "bits" in a block header which represent that target difficulty.
GPG Verification Key
All official release tags are signed by Conformal so users can ensure the code has not been tampered with and is coming from the btcsuite developers. To verify the signature perform the following:
-
Download the public key from the Conformal website at https://opensource.conformal.com/GIT-GPG-KEY-conformal.txt
-
Import the public key into your GPG keyring:
gpg --import GIT-GPG-KEY-conformal.txt -
Verify the release tag with the following command where
TAG_NAMEis a placeholder for the specific tag:git tag -v TAG_NAME
License
Package blockchain is licensed under the copyfree ISC License.