lbcwallet/wallet.go

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2013, 2014 Conformal Systems LLC <info@conformal.com>
 *
 * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
 * purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
 * copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
 * WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
 * MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
 * ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
 * WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
 * ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
 * OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
 */

package main

import (
	"bytes"
	"encoding/base64"
	"encoding/hex"
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"io/ioutil"
	"os"
	"path/filepath"
	"sort"
	"sync"
	"time"

	"github.com/btcsuite/btcd/blockchain"
	"github.com/btcsuite/btcd/btcjson"
	"github.com/btcsuite/btcd/chaincfg"
	"github.com/btcsuite/btcd/wire"
	"github.com/btcsuite/btcutil"
	"github.com/btcsuite/btcwallet/chain"
	"github.com/btcsuite/btcwallet/txstore"
	"github.com/btcsuite/btcwallet/waddrmgr"
	"github.com/btcsuite/btcwallet/walletdb"
)

// ErrNotSynced describes an error where an operation cannot complete
// due wallet being out of sync (and perhaps currently syncing with)
// the remote chain server.
var ErrNotSynced = errors.New("wallet is not synchronized with the chain server")

var (
	// waddrmgrNamespaceKey is the namespace key for the waddrmgr package.
	waddrmgrNamespaceKey = []byte("waddrmgr")
)

const (
	// defaultPubPassphrase is the default public wallet passphrase which is
	// used when the user indicates they do not want additional protection
	// provided by having all public data in the wallet encrypted by a
	// passphrase only known to them.
	defaultPubPassphrase = "public"
)

// networkDir returns the directory name of a network directory to hold wallet
// files.
func networkDir(dataDir string, chainParams *chaincfg.Params) string {
	netname := chainParams.Name

	// For now, we must always name the testnet data directory as "testnet"
	// and not "testnet3" or any other version, as the chaincfg testnet3
	// paramaters will likely be switched to being named "testnet3" in the
	// future.  This is done to future proof that change, and an upgrade
	// plan to move the testnet3 data directory can be worked out later.
	if chainParams.Net == wire.TestNet3 {
		netname = "testnet"
	}

	return filepath.Join(dataDir, netname)
}

// Wallet is a structure containing all the components for a
// complete wallet.  It contains the Armory-style key store
// addresses and keys),
type Wallet struct {
	// Data stores
	db      walletdb.DB
	Manager *waddrmgr.Manager
	TxStore *txstore.Store

	chainSvr     *chain.Client
	chainSvrLock sync.Locker
	chainSynced  chan struct{} // closed when synced

	lockedOutpoints map[wire.OutPoint]struct{}
	FeeIncrement    btcutil.Amount

	// Channels for rescan processing.  Requests are added and merged with
	// any waiting requests, before being sent to another goroutine to
	// call the rescan RPC.
	rescanAddJob        chan *RescanJob
	rescanBatch         chan *rescanBatch
	rescanNotifications chan interface{} // From chain server
	rescanProgress      chan *RescanProgressMsg
	rescanFinished      chan *RescanFinishedMsg

	// Channel for transaction creation requests.
	createTxRequests chan createTxRequest

	// Channels for the manager locker.
	unlockRequests     chan unlockRequest
	lockRequests       chan struct{}
	holdUnlockRequests chan chan HeldUnlock
	lockState          chan bool
	changePassphrase   chan changePassphraseRequest

	// Notification channels so other components can listen in on wallet
	// activity.  These are initialized as nil, and must be created by
	// calling one of the Listen* methods.
	connectedBlocks    chan waddrmgr.BlockStamp
	disconnectedBlocks chan waddrmgr.BlockStamp
	lockStateChanges   chan bool // true when locked
	confirmedBalance   chan btcutil.Amount
	unconfirmedBalance chan btcutil.Amount
	notificationLock   sync.Locker

	wg   sync.WaitGroup
	quit chan struct{}
}

// newWallet creates a new Wallet structure with the provided address manager
// and transaction store.
func newWallet(mgr *waddrmgr.Manager, txs *txstore.Store) *Wallet {
	return &Wallet{
		Manager:             mgr,
		TxStore:             txs,
		chainSvrLock:        new(sync.Mutex),
		chainSynced:         make(chan struct{}),
		lockedOutpoints:     map[wire.OutPoint]struct{}{},
		FeeIncrement:        defaultFeeIncrement,
		rescanAddJob:        make(chan *RescanJob),
		rescanBatch:         make(chan *rescanBatch),
		rescanNotifications: make(chan interface{}),
		rescanProgress:      make(chan *RescanProgressMsg),
		rescanFinished:      make(chan *RescanFinishedMsg),
		createTxRequests:    make(chan createTxRequest),
		unlockRequests:      make(chan unlockRequest),
		lockRequests:        make(chan struct{}),
		holdUnlockRequests:  make(chan chan HeldUnlock),
		lockState:           make(chan bool),
		changePassphrase:    make(chan changePassphraseRequest),
		notificationLock:    new(sync.Mutex),
		quit:                make(chan struct{}),
	}
}

// ErrDuplicateListen is returned for any attempts to listen for the same
// notification more than once.  If callers must pass along a notifiation to
// multiple places, they must broadcast it themself.
var ErrDuplicateListen = errors.New("duplicate listen")

func (w *Wallet) updateNotificationLock() {
	switch {
	case w.connectedBlocks == nil:
		fallthrough
	case w.disconnectedBlocks == nil:
		fallthrough
	case w.lockStateChanges == nil:
		fallthrough
	case w.confirmedBalance == nil:
		fallthrough
	case w.unconfirmedBalance == nil:
		return
	}
	w.notificationLock = noopLocker{}
}

// ListenConnectedBlocks returns a channel that passes all blocks that a wallet
// has been marked in sync with. The channel must be read, or other wallet
// methods will block.
//
// If this is called twice, ErrDuplicateListen is returned.
func (w *Wallet) ListenConnectedBlocks() (<-chan waddrmgr.BlockStamp, error) {
	w.notificationLock.Lock()
	defer w.notificationLock.Unlock()

	if w.connectedBlocks != nil {
		return nil, ErrDuplicateListen
	}
	w.connectedBlocks = make(chan waddrmgr.BlockStamp)
	w.updateNotificationLock()
	return w.connectedBlocks, nil
}

// ListenDisconnectedBlocks returns a channel that passes all blocks that a
// wallet has detached.  The channel must be read, or other wallet methods will
// block.
//
// If this is called twice, ErrDuplicateListen is returned.
func (w *Wallet) ListenDisconnectedBlocks() (<-chan waddrmgr.BlockStamp, error) {
	w.notificationLock.Lock()
	defer w.notificationLock.Unlock()

	if w.disconnectedBlocks != nil {
		return nil, ErrDuplicateListen
	}
	w.disconnectedBlocks = make(chan waddrmgr.BlockStamp)
	w.updateNotificationLock()
	return w.disconnectedBlocks, nil
}

// ListenLockStatus returns a channel that passes the current lock state
// of the wallet whenever the lock state is changed.  The value is true for
// locked, and false for unlocked.  The channel must be read, or other wallet
// methods will block.
//
// If this is called twice, ErrDuplicateListen is returned.
func (w *Wallet) ListenLockStatus() (<-chan bool, error) {
	w.notificationLock.Lock()
	defer w.notificationLock.Unlock()

	if w.lockStateChanges != nil {
		return nil, ErrDuplicateListen
	}
	w.lockStateChanges = make(chan bool)
	w.updateNotificationLock()
	return w.lockStateChanges, nil
}

// ListenConfirmedBalance returns a channel that passes the confirmed balance
// when any changes to the balance are made.  This channel must be read, or
// other wallet methods will block.
//
// If this is called twice, ErrDuplicateListen is returned.
func (w *Wallet) ListenConfirmedBalance() (<-chan btcutil.Amount, error) {
	w.notificationLock.Lock()
	defer w.notificationLock.Unlock()

	if w.confirmedBalance != nil {
		return nil, ErrDuplicateListen
	}
	w.confirmedBalance = make(chan btcutil.Amount)
	w.updateNotificationLock()
	return w.confirmedBalance, nil
}

// ListenUnconfirmedBalance returns a channel that passes the unconfirmed
// balance when any changes to the balance are made.  This channel must be
// read, or other wallet methods will block.
//
// If this is called twice, ErrDuplicateListen is returned.
func (w *Wallet) ListenUnconfirmedBalance() (<-chan btcutil.Amount, error) {
	w.notificationLock.Lock()
	defer w.notificationLock.Unlock()

	if w.unconfirmedBalance != nil {
		return nil, ErrDuplicateListen
	}
	w.unconfirmedBalance = make(chan btcutil.Amount)
	w.updateNotificationLock()
	return w.unconfirmedBalance, nil
}

func (w *Wallet) notifyConnectedBlock(block waddrmgr.BlockStamp) {
	w.notificationLock.Lock()
	if w.connectedBlocks != nil {
		w.connectedBlocks <- block
	}
	w.notificationLock.Unlock()
}

func (w *Wallet) notifyDisconnectedBlock(block waddrmgr.BlockStamp) {
	w.notificationLock.Lock()
	if w.disconnectedBlocks != nil {
		w.disconnectedBlocks <- block
	}
	w.notificationLock.Unlock()
}

func (w *Wallet) notifyLockStateChange(locked bool) {
	w.notificationLock.Lock()
	if w.lockStateChanges != nil {
		w.lockStateChanges <- locked
	}
	w.notificationLock.Unlock()
}

func (w *Wallet) notifyConfirmedBalance(bal btcutil.Amount) {
	w.notificationLock.Lock()
	if w.confirmedBalance != nil {
		w.confirmedBalance <- bal
	}
	w.notificationLock.Unlock()
}

func (w *Wallet) notifyUnconfirmedBalance(bal btcutil.Amount) {
	w.notificationLock.Lock()
	if w.unconfirmedBalance != nil {
		w.unconfirmedBalance <- bal
	}
	w.notificationLock.Unlock()
}

// Start starts the goroutines necessary to manage a wallet.
func (w *Wallet) Start(chainServer *chain.Client) {
	select {
	case <-w.quit:
		return
	default:
	}

	w.chainSvrLock.Lock()
	defer w.chainSvrLock.Unlock()

	w.chainSvr = chainServer
	w.chainSvrLock = noopLocker{}

	w.wg.Add(7)
	go w.diskWriter()
	go w.handleChainNotifications()
	go w.txCreator()
	go w.walletLocker()
	go w.rescanBatchHandler()
	go w.rescanProgressHandler()
	go w.rescanRPCHandler()

	go func() {
		err := w.syncWithChain()
		if err != nil && !w.ShuttingDown() {
			log.Warnf("Unable to synchronize wallet to chain: %v", err)
		}
	}()
}

// Stop signals all wallet goroutines to shutdown.
func (w *Wallet) Stop() {
	select {
	case <-w.quit:
	default:
		close(w.quit)
		w.chainSvrLock.Lock()
		if w.chainSvr != nil {
			w.chainSvr.Stop()
		}
		w.chainSvrLock.Unlock()
	}
}

// ShuttingDown returns whether the wallet is currently in the process of
// shutting down or not.
func (w *Wallet) ShuttingDown() bool {
	select {
	case <-w.quit:
		return true
	default:
		return false
	}
}

// WaitForShutdown blocks until all wallet goroutines have finished executing.
func (w *Wallet) WaitForShutdown() {
	w.chainSvrLock.Lock()
	if w.chainSvr != nil {
		w.chainSvr.WaitForShutdown()
	}
	w.chainSvrLock.Unlock()
	w.wg.Wait()
}

// ChainSynced returns whether the wallet has been attached to a chain server
// and synced up to the best block on the main chain.
func (w *Wallet) ChainSynced() bool {
	select {
	case <-w.chainSynced:
		return true
	default:
		return false
	}
}

// WaitForChainSync blocks until a wallet has been synced with the main chain
// of an attached chain server.
func (w *Wallet) WaitForChainSync() {
	<-w.chainSynced
}

// SyncedChainTip returns the hash and height of the block of the most
// recently seen block in the main chain.  It returns errors if the
// wallet has not yet been marked as synched with the chain.
func (w *Wallet) SyncedChainTip() (*waddrmgr.BlockStamp, error) {
	select {
	case <-w.chainSynced:
		return w.chainSvr.BlockStamp()
	default:
		return nil, ErrNotSynced
	}
}

func (w *Wallet) syncWithChain() (err error) {
	defer func() {
		if err == nil {
			// Request notifications for connected and disconnected
			// blocks.
			err = w.chainSvr.NotifyBlocks()
		}
	}()

	// TODO(jrick): How should this handle a synced height earlier than
	// the chain server best block?

	// Check that there was not any reorgs done since last connection.
	// If so, rollback and rescan to catch up.
	iter := w.Manager.NewIterateRecentBlocks()
	for cont := iter != nil; cont; cont = iter.Prev() {
		bs := iter.BlockStamp()
		log.Debugf("Checking for previous saved block with height %v hash %v",
			bs.Height, bs.Hash)

		if _, err := w.chainSvr.GetBlock(&bs.Hash); err != nil {
			continue
		}

		log.Debug("Found matching block.")

		// If we had to go back to any previous blocks (iter.Next
		// returns true), then rollback the next and all child blocks.
		if iter.Next() {
			bs := iter.BlockStamp()
			w.Manager.SetSyncedTo(&bs)
			err = w.TxStore.Rollback(bs.Height)
			if err != nil {
				return
			}
			w.TxStore.MarkDirty()
		}

		break
	}

	return w.RescanActiveAddresses()
}

type (
	createTxRequest struct {
		pairs   map[string]btcutil.Amount
		minconf int
		resp    chan createTxResponse
	}
	createTxResponse struct {
		tx  *CreatedTx
		err error
	}
)

// txCreator is responsible for the input selection and creation of
// transactions.  These functions are the responsibility of this method
// (designed to be run as its own goroutine) since input selection must be
// serialized, or else it is possible to create double spends by choosing the
// same inputs for multiple transactions.  Along with input selection, this
// method is also responsible for the signing of transactions, since we don't
// want to end up in a situation where we run out of inputs as multiple
// transactions are being created.  In this situation, it would then be possible
// for both requests, rather than just one, to fail due to not enough available
// inputs.
func (w *Wallet) txCreator() {
out:
	for {
		select {
		case txr := <-w.createTxRequests:
			tx, err := w.txToPairs(txr.pairs, txr.minconf)
			txr.resp <- createTxResponse{tx, err}

		case <-w.quit:
			break out
		}
	}
	w.wg.Done()
}

// CreateSimpleTx creates a new signed transaction spending unspent P2PKH
// outputs with at laest minconf confirmations spending to any number of
// address/amount pairs.  Change and an appropiate transaction fee are
// automatically included, if necessary.  All transaction creation through
// this function is serialized to prevent the creation of many transactions
// which spend the same outputs.
func (w *Wallet) CreateSimpleTx(pairs map[string]btcutil.Amount, minconf int) (*CreatedTx, error) {
	req := createTxRequest{
		pairs:   pairs,
		minconf: minconf,
		resp:    make(chan createTxResponse),
	}
	w.createTxRequests <- req
	resp := <-req.resp
	return resp.tx, resp.err
}

type (
	unlockRequest struct {
		passphrase []byte
		timeout    time.Duration // Zero value prevents the timeout.
		err        chan error
	}

	changePassphraseRequest struct {
		old, new []byte
		err      chan error
	}

	// HeldUnlock is a tool to prevent the wallet from automatically
	// locking after some timeout before an operation which needed
	// the unlocked wallet has finished.  Any aquired HeldUnlock
	// *must* be released (preferably with a defer) or the wallet
	// will forever remain unlocked.
	HeldUnlock chan struct{}
)

// walletLocker manages the locked/unlocked state of a wallet.
func (w *Wallet) walletLocker() {
	var timeout <-chan time.Time
	holdChan := make(HeldUnlock)
out:
	for {
		select {
		case req := <-w.unlockRequests:
			err := w.Manager.Unlock(req.passphrase)
			if err != nil {
				req.err <- err
				continue
			}
			w.notifyLockStateChange(false)
			if req.timeout == 0 {
				timeout = nil
			} else {
				timeout = time.After(req.timeout)
			}
			req.err <- nil
			continue

		case req := <-w.changePassphrase:
			err := w.Manager.ChangePassphrase(req.old, req.new, true)
			req.err <- err
			continue

		case req := <-w.holdUnlockRequests:
			if w.Manager.IsLocked() {
				close(req)
				continue
			}

			req <- holdChan
			<-holdChan // Block until the lock is released.

			// If, after holding onto the unlocked wallet for some
			// time, the timeout has expired, lock it now instead
			// of hoping it gets unlocked next time the top level
			// select runs.
			select {
			case <-timeout:
				// Let the top level select fallthrough so the
				// wallet is locked.
			default:
				continue
			}

		case w.lockState <- w.Manager.IsLocked():
			continue

		case <-w.quit:
			break out

		case <-w.lockRequests:
		case <-timeout:
		}

		// Select statement fell through by an explicit lock or the
		// timer expiring.  Lock the manager here.
		timeout = nil
		err := w.Manager.Lock()
		if err != nil {
			log.Errorf("Could not lock wallet: %v", err)
		} else {
			w.notifyLockStateChange(true)
		}
	}
	w.wg.Done()
}

// Unlock unlocks the wallet's address manager and relocks it after timeout has
// expired.  If the wallet is already unlocked and the new passphrase is
// correct, the current timeout is replaced with the new one.  The wallet will
// be locked if the passphrase is incorrect or any other error occurs during the
// unlock.
func (w *Wallet) Unlock(passphrase []byte, timeout time.Duration) error {
	err := make(chan error, 1)
	w.unlockRequests <- unlockRequest{
		passphrase: passphrase,
		timeout:    timeout,
		err:        err,
	}
	return <-err
}

// Lock locks the wallet's address manager.
func (w *Wallet) Lock() {
	w.lockRequests <- struct{}{}
}

// Locked returns whether the account manager for a wallet is locked.
func (w *Wallet) Locked() bool {
	return <-w.lockState
}

// HoldUnlock prevents the wallet from being locked.  The HeldUnlock object
// *must* be released, or the wallet will forever remain unlocked.
//
// TODO: To prevent the above scenario, perhaps closures should be passed
// to the walletLocker goroutine and disallow callers from explicitly
// handling the locking mechanism.
func (w *Wallet) HoldUnlock() (HeldUnlock, error) {
	req := make(chan HeldUnlock)
	w.holdUnlockRequests <- req
	hl, ok := <-req
	if !ok {
		// TODO(davec): This should be defined and exported from
		// waddrmgr.
		return nil, waddrmgr.ManagerError{
			ErrorCode:   waddrmgr.ErrLocked,
			Description: "address manager is locked",
		}
	}
	return hl, nil
}

// Release releases the hold on the unlocked-state of the wallet and allows the
// wallet to be locked again.  If a lock timeout has already expired, the
// wallet is locked again as soon as Release is called.
func (c HeldUnlock) Release() {
	c <- struct{}{}
}

// ChangePassphrase attempts to change the passphrase for a wallet from old
// to new.  Changing the passphrase is synchronized with all other address
// manager locking and unlocking.  The lock state will be the same as it was
// before the password change.
func (w *Wallet) ChangePassphrase(old, new []byte) error {
	err := make(chan error, 1)
	w.changePassphrase <- changePassphraseRequest{
		old: old,
		new: new,
		err: err,
	}
	return <-err
}

// diskWriter periodically (every 10 seconds) writes out the transaction store
// to disk if it is marked dirty.
func (w *Wallet) diskWriter() {
	ticker := time.NewTicker(10 * time.Second)
	var wg sync.WaitGroup
	var done bool

	for {
		select {
		case <-ticker.C:
		case <-w.quit:
			done = true
		}

		log.Trace("Writing txstore")

		wg.Add(1)
		go func() {
			err := w.TxStore.WriteIfDirty()
			if err != nil {
				log.Errorf("Cannot write txstore: %v",
					err)
			}
			wg.Done()
		}()
		wg.Wait()

		if done {
			break
		}
	}
	w.wg.Done()
}

// AddressUsed returns whether there are any recorded transactions spending to
// a given address.  Assumming correct TxStore usage, this will return true iff
// there are any transactions with outputs to this address in the blockchain or
// the btcd mempool.
func (w *Wallet) AddressUsed(addr waddrmgr.ManagedAddress) bool {
	// This not only can be optimized by recording this data as it is
	// read when opening a wallet, and keeping it up to date each time a
	// new received tx arrives, but it probably should in case an address is
	// used in a tx (made public) but the tx is eventually removed from the
	// store (consider a chain reorg).

	for _, r := range w.TxStore.Records() {
		for _, c := range r.Credits() {
			// Errors don't matter here.  If addrs is nil, the
			// range below does nothing.
			_, addrs, _, _ := c.Addresses(activeNet.Params)
			for _, a := range addrs {
				if addr.Address().String() == a.String() {
					return true
				}
			}
		}
	}
	return false
}

// CalculateBalance sums the amounts of all unspent transaction
// outputs to addresses of a wallet and returns the balance.
//
// If confirmations is 0, all UTXOs, even those not present in a
// block (height -1), will be used to get the balance.  Otherwise,
// a UTXO must be in a block.  If confirmations is 1 or greater,
// the balance will be calculated based on how many how many blocks
// include a UTXO.
func (w *Wallet) CalculateBalance(confirms int) (btcutil.Amount, error) {
	bs, err := w.SyncedChainTip()
	if err != nil {
		return 0, err
	}

	return w.TxStore.Balance(confirms, bs.Height)
}

// CurrentAddress gets the most recently requested Bitcoin payment address
// from a wallet.  If the address has already been used (there is at least
// one transaction spending to it in the blockchain or btcd mempool), the next
// chained address is returned.
func (w *Wallet) CurrentAddress() (btcutil.Address, error) {
	addr, err := w.Manager.LastExternalAddress(0)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	// Get next chained address if the last one has already been used.
	if w.AddressUsed(addr) {
		return w.NewAddress()
	}

	return addr.Address(), nil
}

// ListSinceBlock returns a slice of objects with details about transactions
// since the given block. If the block is -1 then all transactions are included.
// This is intended to be used for listsinceblock RPC replies.
func (w *Wallet) ListSinceBlock(since, curBlockHeight int32,
	minconf int) ([]btcjson.ListTransactionsResult, error) {

	txList := []btcjson.ListTransactionsResult{}
	for _, txRecord := range w.TxStore.Records() {
		// Transaction records must only be considered if they occur
		// after the block height since.
		if since != -1 && txRecord.BlockHeight <= since {
			continue
		}

		// Transactions that have not met minconf confirmations are to
		// be ignored.
		if !txRecord.Confirmed(minconf, curBlockHeight) {
			continue
		}

		jsonResults, err := txRecord.ToJSON("", curBlockHeight,
			w.Manager.ChainParams())
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		txList = append(txList, jsonResults...)
	}

	return txList, nil
}

// ListTransactions returns a slice of objects with details about a recorded
// transaction.  This is intended to be used for listtransactions RPC
// replies.
func (w *Wallet) ListTransactions(from, count int) ([]btcjson.ListTransactionsResult, error) {
	txList := []btcjson.ListTransactionsResult{}

	// Get current block.  The block height used for calculating
	// the number of tx confirmations.
	bs, err := w.SyncedChainTip()
	if err != nil {
		return txList, err
	}

	records := w.TxStore.Records()
	lastLookupIdx := len(records) - count
	// Search in reverse order: lookup most recently-added first.
	for i := len(records) - 1; i >= from && i >= lastLookupIdx; i-- {
		jsonResults, err := records[i].ToJSON("", bs.Height,
			w.Manager.ChainParams())
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		txList = append(txList, jsonResults...)
	}

	return txList, nil
}

// ListAddressTransactions returns a slice of objects with details about
// recorded transactions to or from any address belonging to a set.  This is
// intended to be used for listaddresstransactions RPC replies.
func (w *Wallet) ListAddressTransactions(pkHashes map[string]struct{}) (
	[]btcjson.ListTransactionsResult, error) {

	txList := []btcjson.ListTransactionsResult{}

	// Get current block.  The block height used for calculating
	// the number of tx confirmations.
	bs, err := w.SyncedChainTip()
	if err != nil {
		return txList, err
	}

	for _, r := range w.TxStore.Records() {
		for _, c := range r.Credits() {
			// We only care about the case where len(addrs) == 1,
			// and err will never be non-nil in that case.
			_, addrs, _, _ := c.Addresses(activeNet.Params)
			if len(addrs) != 1 {
				continue
			}
			apkh, ok := addrs[0].(*btcutil.AddressPubKeyHash)
			if !ok {
				continue
			}

			if _, ok := pkHashes[string(apkh.ScriptAddress())]; !ok {
				continue
			}
			jsonResult, err := c.ToJSON("", bs.Height,
				w.Manager.ChainParams())
			if err != nil {
				return nil, err
			}
			txList = append(txList, jsonResult)
		}
	}

	return txList, nil
}

// ListAllTransactions returns a slice of objects with details about a recorded
// transaction.  This is intended to be used for listalltransactions RPC
// replies.
func (w *Wallet) ListAllTransactions() ([]btcjson.ListTransactionsResult, error) {
	txList := []btcjson.ListTransactionsResult{}

	// Get current block.  The block height used for calculating
	// the number of tx confirmations.
	bs, err := w.SyncedChainTip()
	if err != nil {
		return txList, err
	}

	// Search in reverse order: lookup most recently-added first.
	records := w.TxStore.Records()
	for i := len(records) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
		jsonResults, err := records[i].ToJSON("", bs.Height,
			w.Manager.ChainParams())
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		txList = append(txList, jsonResults...)
	}

	return txList, nil
}

// ListUnspent returns a slice of objects representing the unspent wallet
// transactions fitting the given criteria. The confirmations will be more than
// minconf, less than maxconf and if addresses is populated only the addresses
// contained within it will be considered.  If we know nothing about a
// transaction an empty array will be returned.
func (w *Wallet) ListUnspent(minconf, maxconf int,
	addresses map[string]bool) ([]*btcjson.ListUnspentResult, error) {

	results := []*btcjson.ListUnspentResult{}

	bs, err := w.SyncedChainTip()
	if err != nil {
		return results, err
	}

	filter := len(addresses) != 0

	unspent, err := w.TxStore.SortedUnspentOutputs()
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	for _, credit := range unspent {
		confs := credit.Confirmations(bs.Height)
		if int(confs) < minconf || int(confs) > maxconf {
			continue
		}
		if credit.IsCoinbase() {
			if !credit.Confirmed(blockchain.CoinbaseMaturity, bs.Height) {
				continue
			}
		}
		if w.LockedOutpoint(*credit.OutPoint()) {
			continue
		}

		_, addrs, _, _ := credit.Addresses(activeNet.Params)
		if filter {
			for _, addr := range addrs {
				_, ok := addresses[addr.EncodeAddress()]
				if ok {
					goto include
				}
			}
			continue
		}
	include:
		result := &btcjson.ListUnspentResult{
			TxId:          credit.Tx().Sha().String(),
			Vout:          credit.OutputIndex,
			Account:       "",
			ScriptPubKey:  hex.EncodeToString(credit.TxOut().PkScript),
			Amount:        credit.Amount().ToUnit(btcutil.AmountBTC),
			Confirmations: int64(confs),
		}

		// BUG: this should be a JSON array so that all
		// addresses can be included, or removed (and the
		// caller extracts addresses from the pkScript).
		if len(addrs) > 0 {
			result.Address = addrs[0].EncodeAddress()
		}

		results = append(results, result)
	}

	return results, nil
}

// DumpPrivKeys returns the WIF-encoded private keys for all addresses with
// private keys in a wallet.
func (w *Wallet) DumpPrivKeys() ([]string, error) {
	addrs, err := w.Manager.AllActiveAddresses()
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	// Iterate over each active address, appending the private key to
	// privkeys.
	privkeys := make([]string, 0, len(addrs))
	for _, addr := range addrs {
		ma, err := w.Manager.Address(addr)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}

		// Only those addresses with keys needed.
		pka, ok := ma.(waddrmgr.ManagedPubKeyAddress)
		if !ok {
			continue
		}

		wif, err := pka.ExportPrivKey()
		if err != nil {
			// It would be nice to zero out the array here. However,
			// since strings in go are immutable, and we have no
			// control over the caller I don't think we can. :(
			return nil, err
		}
		privkeys = append(privkeys, wif.String())
	}

	return privkeys, nil
}

// DumpWIFPrivateKey returns the WIF encoded private key for a
// single wallet address.
func (w *Wallet) DumpWIFPrivateKey(addr btcutil.Address) (string, error) {
	// Get private key from wallet if it exists.
	address, err := w.Manager.Address(addr)
	if err != nil {
		return "", err
	}

	pka, ok := address.(waddrmgr.ManagedPubKeyAddress)
	if !ok {
		return "", fmt.Errorf("address %s is not a key type", addr)
	}

	wif, err := pka.ExportPrivKey()
	if err != nil {
		return "", err
	}
	return wif.String(), nil
}

// ImportPrivateKey imports a private key to the wallet and writes the new
// wallet to disk.
func (w *Wallet) ImportPrivateKey(wif *btcutil.WIF, bs *waddrmgr.BlockStamp,
	rescan bool) (string, error) {

	// The starting block for the key is the genesis block unless otherwise
	// specified.
	if bs == nil {
		bs = &waddrmgr.BlockStamp{
			Hash:   *activeNet.Params.GenesisHash,
			Height: 0,
		}
	}

	// Attempt to import private key into wallet.
	addr, err := w.Manager.ImportPrivateKey(wif, bs)
	if err != nil {
		return "", err
	}

	// Rescan blockchain for transactions with txout scripts paying to the
	// imported address.
	if rescan {
		job := &RescanJob{
			Addrs:      []btcutil.Address{addr.Address()},
			OutPoints:  nil,
			BlockStamp: *bs,
		}

		// Submit rescan job and log when the import has completed.
		// Do not block on finishing the rescan.  The rescan success
		// or failure is logged elsewhere, and the channel is not
		// required to be read, so discard the return value.
		_ = w.SubmitRescan(job)
	}

	addrStr := addr.Address().EncodeAddress()
	log.Infof("Imported payment address %s", addrStr)

	// Return the payment address string of the imported private key.
	return addrStr, nil
}

// ExportWatchingWallet returns a watching-only version of the wallet serialized
// in a map.
func (w *Wallet) ExportWatchingWallet() (map[string]string, error) {
	tmpDir, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "btcwallet")
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	defer os.RemoveAll(tmpDir)

	// Create a new file and write a copy of the current database into it.
	woDbPath := filepath.Join(tmpDir, walletDbWatchingOnlyName)
	fi, err := os.OpenFile(woDbPath, os.O_CREATE|os.O_RDWR, 0600)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	if err := w.db.Copy(fi); err != nil {
		fi.Close()
		return nil, err
	}
	fi.Close()
	defer os.Remove(woDbPath)

	// Open the new database, get the address manager namespace, and open
	// it.
	woDb, err := walletdb.Open("bdb", woDbPath)
	if err != nil {
		_ = os.Remove(woDbPath)
		return nil, err
	}
	defer woDb.Close()

	namespace, err := woDb.Namespace(waddrmgrNamespaceKey)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	woMgr, err := waddrmgr.Open(namespace, []byte(cfg.WalletPass),
		activeNet.Params, nil)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	defer woMgr.Close()

	// Convert the namespace to watching only if needed.
	if err := woMgr.ConvertToWatchingOnly(); err != nil {
		// Only return the error is it's not because it's already
		// watching-only.  When it is already watching-only, the code
		// just falls through to the export below.
		if merr, ok := err.(waddrmgr.ManagerError); ok &&
			merr.ErrorCode != waddrmgr.ErrWatchingOnly {
			return nil, err
		}
	}

	// Export the watching only wallet's serialized data.
	woWallet := *w
	woWallet.db = woDb
	woWallet.Manager = woMgr
	return woWallet.exportBase64()
}

// exportBase64 exports a wallet's serialized database and tx store as
// base64-encoded values in a map.
func (w *Wallet) exportBase64() (map[string]string, error) {
	var buf bytes.Buffer
	m := make(map[string]string)

	if err := w.db.Copy(&buf); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	m["wallet"] = base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(buf.Bytes())
	buf.Reset()

	if _, err := w.TxStore.WriteTo(&buf); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	m["tx"] = base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(buf.Bytes())
	buf.Reset()

	return m, nil
}

// LockedOutpoint returns whether an outpoint has been marked as locked and
// should not be used as an input for created transactions.
func (w *Wallet) LockedOutpoint(op wire.OutPoint) bool {
	_, locked := w.lockedOutpoints[op]
	return locked
}

// LockOutpoint marks an outpoint as locked, that is, it should not be used as
// an input for newly created transactions.
func (w *Wallet) LockOutpoint(op wire.OutPoint) {
	w.lockedOutpoints[op] = struct{}{}
}

// UnlockOutpoint marks an outpoint as unlocked, that is, it may be used as an
// input for newly created transactions.
func (w *Wallet) UnlockOutpoint(op wire.OutPoint) {
	delete(w.lockedOutpoints, op)
}

// ResetLockedOutpoints resets the set of locked outpoints so all may be used
// as inputs for new transactions.
func (w *Wallet) ResetLockedOutpoints() {
	w.lockedOutpoints = map[wire.OutPoint]struct{}{}
}

// LockedOutpoints returns a slice of currently locked outpoints.  This is
// intended to be used by marshaling the result as a JSON array for
// listlockunspent RPC results.
func (w *Wallet) LockedOutpoints() []btcjson.TransactionInput {
	locked := make([]btcjson.TransactionInput, len(w.lockedOutpoints))
	i := 0
	for op := range w.lockedOutpoints {
		locked[i] = btcjson.TransactionInput{
			Txid: op.Hash.String(),
			Vout: op.Index,
		}
		i++
	}
	return locked
}

// ResendUnminedTxs iterates through all transactions that spend from wallet
// credits that are not known to have been mined into a block, and attempts
// to send each to the chain server for relay.
func (w *Wallet) ResendUnminedTxs() {
	txs := w.TxStore.UnminedDebitTxs()
	for _, tx := range txs {
		_, err := w.chainSvr.SendRawTransaction(tx.MsgTx(), false)
		if err != nil {
			// TODO(jrick): Check error for if this tx is a double spend,
			// remove it if so.
			log.Debugf("Could not resend transaction %v: %v",
				tx.Sha(), err)
			continue
		}
		log.Debugf("Resent unmined transaction %v", tx.Sha())
	}
}

// SortedActivePaymentAddresses returns a slice of all active payment
// addresses in a wallet.
func (w *Wallet) SortedActivePaymentAddresses() ([]string, error) {
	addrs, err := w.Manager.AllActiveAddresses()
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	addrStrs := make([]string, len(addrs))
	for i, addr := range addrs {
		addrStrs[i] = addr.EncodeAddress()
	}

	sort.Sort(sort.StringSlice(addrStrs))
	return addrStrs, nil
}

// NewAddress returns the next external chained address for a wallet.
func (w *Wallet) NewAddress() (btcutil.Address, error) {
	// Get next address from wallet.
	account := uint32(0)
	addrs, err := w.Manager.NextExternalAddresses(account, 1)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	// Request updates from btcd for new transactions sent to this address.
	utilAddrs := make([]btcutil.Address, len(addrs))
	for i, addr := range addrs {
		utilAddrs[i] = addr.Address()
	}
	if err := w.chainSvr.NotifyReceived(utilAddrs); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	return utilAddrs[0], nil
}

// NewChangeAddress returns a new change address for a wallet.
func (w *Wallet) NewChangeAddress() (btcutil.Address, error) {
	// Get next chained change address from wallet for account 0.
	account := uint32(0)
	addrs, err := w.Manager.NextInternalAddresses(account, 1)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	// Request updates from btcd for new transactions sent to this address.
	utilAddrs := make([]btcutil.Address, len(addrs))
	for i, addr := range addrs {
		utilAddrs[i] = addr.Address()
	}

	if err := w.chainSvr.NotifyReceived(utilAddrs); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	return utilAddrs[0], nil
}

// TotalReceived iterates through a wallet's transaction history, returning the
// total amount of bitcoins received for any wallet address.  Amounts received
// through multisig transactions are ignored.
func (w *Wallet) TotalReceived(confirms int) (btcutil.Amount, error) {
	bs, err := w.SyncedChainTip()
	if err != nil {
		return 0, err
	}

	var amount btcutil.Amount
	for _, r := range w.TxStore.Records() {
		for _, c := range r.Credits() {
			// Ignore change.
			if c.Change() {
				continue
			}

			// Tally if the appropiate number of block confirmations have passed.
			if c.Confirmed(confirms, bs.Height) {
				amount += c.Amount()
			}
		}
	}
	return amount, nil
}

// TotalReceivedForAddr iterates through a wallet's transaction history,
// returning the total amount of bitcoins received for a single wallet
// address.
func (w *Wallet) TotalReceivedForAddr(addr btcutil.Address, confirms int) (btcutil.Amount, error) {
	bs, err := w.SyncedChainTip()
	if err != nil {
		return 0, err
	}

	addrStr := addr.EncodeAddress()
	var amount btcutil.Amount
	for _, r := range w.TxStore.Records() {
		for _, c := range r.Credits() {
			if !c.Confirmed(confirms, bs.Height) {
				continue
			}

			_, addrs, _, err := c.Addresses(activeNet.Params)
			// An error creating addresses from the output script only
			// indicates a non-standard script, so ignore this credit.
			if err != nil {
				continue
			}
			for _, a := range addrs {
				if addrStr == a.EncodeAddress() {
					amount += c.Amount()
					break
				}
			}
		}
	}

	return amount, nil
}

// TxRecord iterates through all transaction records saved in the store,
// returning the first with an equivalent transaction hash.
func (w *Wallet) TxRecord(txSha *wire.ShaHash) (r *txstore.TxRecord, ok bool) {
	for _, r = range w.TxStore.Records() {
		if *r.Tx().Sha() == *txSha {
			return r, true
		}
	}
	return nil, false
}

// openWallet opens a wallet from disk.
func openWallet() (*Wallet, error) {
	netdir := networkDir(cfg.DataDir, activeNet.Params)
	dbPath := filepath.Join(netdir, walletDbName)

	// Ensure that the network directory exists.
	if err := checkCreateDir(netdir); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	// Open the database using the boltdb backend.
	db, err := walletdb.Open("bdb", dbPath)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	// Get the namespace for the address manager.
	namespace, err := db.Namespace(waddrmgrNamespaceKey)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	// Open address manager and transaction store.
	var txs *txstore.Store
	mgr, err := waddrmgr.Open(namespace, []byte(cfg.WalletPass),
		activeNet.Params, nil)
	if err == nil {
		txs, err = txstore.OpenDir(netdir)
	}
	if err != nil {
		// Special case: if the address manager was successfully read
		// (mgr != nil) but the transaction store was not, create a
		// new txstore and write it out to disk.  Write an unsynced
		// manager back to disk so on future opens, the empty txstore
		// is not considered fully synced.
		if mgr == nil {
			return nil, err
		}

		txs = txstore.New(netdir)
		txs.MarkDirty()
		err = txs.WriteIfDirty()
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		mgr.SetSyncedTo(nil)
	}

	log.Infof("Opened wallet files") // TODO: log balance? last sync height?
	wallet := newWallet(mgr, txs)
	wallet.db = db
	return wallet, nil
}