* Z is the zone designator for the zero UTC offset.
* T is the delimiter used to separate date and time.
This makes it clear for the end-user that the date/time logged is
specified in UTC and not in the local time zone.
A risk exists where a malicious DNS seeder eclipses a node by returning an enormous number of IP addresses. In this commit we mitigate this risk by limiting the number of IP addresses addrman learns to 256 per DNS seeder.
e68172ed9 Add test-before-evict discipline to addrman (Ethan Heilman)
Pull request description:
This change implement countermeasures 3 (test-before-evict) suggested in our paper: ["Eclipse Attacks on Bitcoin’s Peer-to-Peer Network"](http://cs-people.bu.edu/heilman/eclipse/).
# Design:
A collision occurs when an address, addr1, is being moved to the tried table from the new table, but maps to a position in the tried table which already contains an address (addr2). The current behavior is that addr1 would evict addr2 from the tried table.
This change ensures that during a collision, addr1 is not inserted into tried but instead inserted into a buffer (setTriedCollisions). The to-be-evicted address, addr2, is then tested by [a feeler connection](https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/pull/8282). If addr2 is found to be online, we remove addr1 from the buffer and addr2 is not evicted, on the other hand if addr2 is found be offline it is replaced by addr1.
An additional small advantage of this change is that, as no more than ten addresses can be in the test buffer at once, and addresses are only cleared one at a time from the test buffer (at 2 minute intervals), thus an attacker is forced to wait at least two minutes to insert a new address into tried after filling up the test buffer. This rate limits an attacker attempting to launch an eclipse attack.
# Risk mitigation:
- To prevent this functionality from being used as a DoS vector, we limit the number of addresses which are to be tested to ten. If we have more than ten addresses to test, we drop new addresses being added to tried if they would evict an address. Since the feeler thread only creates one new connection every 2 minutes the additional network overhead is limited.
- An address in tried gains immunity from tests for 4 hours after it has been tested or successfully connected to.
# Tests:
This change includes additional addrman unittests which test this behavior.
I ran an instance of this change with a much smaller tried table (2 buckets of 64 addresses) so that collisions were much more likely and observed evictions.
```
2016-10-27 07:20:26 Swapping 208.12.64.252:8333 for 68.62.95.247:8333 in tried table
2016-10-27 07:20:26 Moving 208.12.64.252:8333 to tried
```
I documented tests we ran against similar earlier versions of this change in #6355.
# Security Benefit
This is was originally posted in PR #8282 see [this comment for full details](https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/pull/8282#issuecomment-237255215).
To determine the security benefit of these larger numbers of IPs in the tried table I modeled the attack presented in [Eclipse Attacks on Bitcoin’s Peer-to-Peer Network](https://eprint.iacr.org/2015/263).
**Default node:** 595 attacker IPs for ~50% attack success.
**Default node + test-before-evict:** 620 attacker IPs for ~50% attack success.
**Feeler node:** 5540 attacker IPs for ~50% attack success.
**Feeler node + test-before-evict:** 8600 attacker IPs for ~50% attack success.
The node running feeler connections has 10 times as many online IP addresses in its tried table making an attack 10 times harder (i.e. requiring the an attacker require 10 times as many IP addresses in different /16s). Adding test-before-evict increases resistance of the node by an additional 3000 attacker IP addresses.
Below I graph the attack over even greater attacker resources (i.e. more attacker controled IP addresses). Note that test-before-evict maintains some security far longer even against an attacker with 50,000 IPs. If this node had a larger tried table test-before-evict could greatly boost a nodes resistance to eclipse attacks.
Tree-SHA512: fdad4d26aadeaad9bcdc71929b3eb4e1f855b3ee3541fbfbe25dca8d7d0a1667815402db0cb4319db6bd3fcd32d67b5bbc0e12045c4252d62d6239b7d77c4395
Changes addrman to use the test-before-evict discipline in which an
address is to be evicted from the tried table is first tested and if
it is still online it is not evicted.
Adds tests to provide test coverage for this change.
This change was suggested as Countermeasure 3 in
Eclipse Attacks on Bitcoin’s Peer-to-Peer Network, Ethan Heilman,
Alison Kendler, Aviv Zohar, Sharon Goldberg. ePrint Archive Report
2015/263. March 2015.
eb91835 Add setter for g_initial_block_download_completed (Jonas Schnelli)
3f56df5 [QA] add NODE_NETWORK_LIMITED address relay and sync test (Jonas Schnelli)
158e1a6 [QA] fix mininode CAddress ser/deser (Jonas Schnelli)
fa999af [QA] Allow addrman loopback tests (add debug option -addrmantest) (Jonas Schnelli)
6fe57bd Connect to peers signaling NODE_NETWORK_LIMITED when out-of-IBD (Jonas Schnelli)
31c45a9 Accept addresses with NODE_NETWORK_LIMITED flag (Jonas Schnelli)
Pull request description:
Eventually connect to peers signalling NODE_NETWORK_LIMITED if we are out of IBD.
Accept and relay NODE_NETWORK_LIMITED peers in addrman.
Tree-SHA512: 8a238fc97f767f81cae1866d6cc061390f23a72af4a711d2f7158c77f876017986abb371d213d1c84019eef7be4ca951e8e6f83fda36769c4e1a1d763f787037
9ad6746ccd Use static_cast instead of C-style casts for non-fundamental types (practicalswift)
Pull request description:
A C-style cast is equivalent to try casting in the following order:
1. `const_cast(...)`
2. `static_cast(...)`
3. `const_cast(static_cast(...))`
4. `reinterpret_cast(...)`
5. `const_cast(reinterpret_cast(...))`
By using `static_cast<T>(...)` explicitly we avoid the possibility of an unintentional and dangerous `reinterpret_cast`. Furthermore `static_cast<T>(...)` allows for easier grepping of casts.
For a more thorough discussion, see ["ES.49: If you must use a cast, use a named cast"](https://isocpp.github.io/CppCoreGuidelines/CppCoreGuidelines#es49-if-you-must-use-a-cast-use-a-named-cast) in the C++ Core Guidelines (Stroustrup & Sutter).
Tree-SHA512: bd6349b7ea157da93a47b8cf238932af5dff84731374ccfd69b9f732fabdad1f9b1cdfca67497040f14eaa85346391404f4c0495e22c467f26ca883cd2de4d3c
2b839ab Update chainparams comment for more info on service bits per dnsseed (Matt Corallo)
62e7642 Fall back to oneshot for DNS Seeds which don't support filtering. (Matt Corallo)
51ae766 Use GetDesireableServiceFlags in static seeds, document this. (Matt Corallo)
fb6f6b1 bluematt's testnet-seed now supports x9 (and is just a static list) (Matt Corallo)
Pull request description:
4440710 broke inserting entries into addrman from dnsseeds which
did not support service bits, as well as static seeds. Static seeds
were already being filtered by UA for 0.13.1+ (ie NODE_WITNESS), so
simply changing the default service bits to include NODE_WITNESS
(and updating docs appropriately) is sufficient. For DNS Seeds, not
supporting NODE_WITNESS is no longer useful, so instead use
non-filtering seeds as oneshot hosts irrespective of named proxy.
I've set my testnet-seed to also support x9, though because it is simply a static host, it may be useful to leave the support off so that it is used as a oneshot to get addresses from a live node instead. I'm fine with either.
Tree-SHA512: 3f17d4d2b0b84d876981c962d2b44cb0c8f95f52c56a48c6b35fd882f6d7a40805f320ec452985a1c0b34aebddb1922709156c3ceccd1b9f8363fd7cb537d21d
This allows us to not have to update the chainparams whenever a
DNS Seed changes its filtering support, as well fixes a bug
introduced in 44407100f where returned nodes will never be
attempted.
44407100f broke inserting entries into addrman from static seeds
(as well as dnsseeds which did not support service bits). Static
seeds were already being filtered by UA for 0.13.1+ (ie
NODE_WITNESS), so simply changing the default service bits to
include NODE_WITNESS (and updating docs appropriately) is
sufficient.
For DNS Seeds, we will later fix by falling back to oneshot if a
seed does not support filtering.
57ac471 Call BannedListChanged outside of cs_setBanned lock (Jonas Schnelli)
c853812 Update ban-state in case of dirty-state during periodic sweep (Jonas Schnelli)
Pull request description:
We do currently not update the UI during periodic ban list sweeps (via dump banlist).
Fixes#11612
Tree-SHA512: bffbdcc03c63042177bdd511b0a9187c211c2b5011178481e8ee3e43a71eef1e4cd6b72f73672babab142b644f62f8b56f0aac1d26d3f19372b1f8644fec9395
3830b6e net: use CreateSocket for binds (Cory Fields)
df3bcf8 net: pass socket closing responsibility up to caller for outgoing connections (Cory Fields)
9e3b2f5 net: Move IsSelectableSocket check into socket creation (Cory Fields)
1729c29 net: split socket creation out of connection (Cory Fields)
Pull request description:
Requirement for #11227.
We'll need to create sockets and perform the actual connect in separate steps, so break them up.
#11227 adds an RAII wrapper around connection attempts, as a belt-and-suspenders in case a CloseSocket is missed.
Tree-SHA512: de675bb718cc56d68893c303b8057ca062c7431eaa17ae7c4829caed119fa3f15b404d8f52aca22a6bca6e73a26fb79e898b335d090ab015bf6456cf417fc694
We use select in ConnectSocketDirectly, so this check needs to happen before
that.
IsSelectableSocket will not be relevant after upcoming changes to remove select.
a720b92 Remove includes in .cpp files for things the corresponding .h file already included (practicalswift)
Pull request description:
Remove includes in .cpp files for things the corresponding .h file already included.
Example case:
* `addrdb.cpp` includes `addrdb.h` and `fs.h`
* `addrdb.h` includes `fs.h`
Then remove the direct inclusion of `fs.h` in `addrman.cpp` and rely on the indirect inclusion of `fs.h` via the included `addrdb.h`.
In line with the header include guideline (see #10575).
Tree-SHA512: 8704b9de3011a4c234db336a39f7d2c139e741cf0f7aef08a5d3e05197e1e18286b863fdab25ae9638af4ff86b3d52e5cab9eed66bfa2476063aa5c79f9b0346
be9f38c Do not make it trivial for inbound peers to generate log entries (Matt Corallo)
Pull request description:
Based on #11580 because I'm lazy.
We should generally avoid writing to debug.log unconditionally for
inbound peers which misbehave (the peer being about to be banned
being an exception, since they cannot do this twice).
Tree-SHA512: 8e59c8d08d00b1527951b30f4842d010a4c2fc440503ade112baa2c1b9afd0e0d1c5c2df83dde25183a242af45089cf9b9f873b71796771232ffb6c5fc6cc0cc
680bc2cbb Use range-based for loops (C++11) when looping over map elements (practicalswift)
Pull request description:
Before this commit:
```c++
for (std::map<T1, T2>::iterator x = y.begin(); x != y.end(); ++x) {
T1 z = (*x).first;
…
}
```
After this commit:
```c++
for (auto& x : y) {
T1 z = x.first;
…
}
```
Tree-SHA512: 954b136b7f5e6df09f39248a6b530fd9baa9ab59d7c2c7eb369fd4afbb591b7a52c92ee25f87f1745f47b41d6828b7abfd395b43daf84a55b4e6a3d45015e3a0
We should generally avoid writing to debug.log unconditionally for
inbound peers which misbehave (the peer being about to be banned
being an exception, since they cannot do this twice).
To avoid removing logs for outbound peers, a new log is added to
notify users when a new outbound peer is connected which mimics
the version print.
b109a1c Remove redundant nullptr checks before deallocation (practicalswift)
Pull request description:
Rationale:
* `delete ptr` is a no-op if `ptr` is `nullptr`
Tree-SHA512: c98ce769125c4912186a8403cc08a59cfba85b7141af645c709b4c4eb90dd9cbdd6ed8076d50099d1e4ec2bf75917d1af6844082ec42bbb4d94d229a710e051c
5ce7cb9 [net] De-duplicate connection eviction logic (Thomas Snider)
Pull request description:
While reviewing the safeguards against deliberate node isolation on the network by malicious actors, I found a good de-duplication candidate.
I think this form is much more legible (the type of `cutoffs` notwithstanding). ReverseCompareNodeTimeConnected is not included in the list since the cutoff size is a function of the remaining number of nodes in the candidate eviction set.
Tree-SHA512: ed17999fa9250dcf8448329219324477117e4ecd2d41dedd72ad253e44630eef50b3232c420f1862ebbfb9b8c94efbba1a235b519e39ff5946865c7d69a75280
If our tip hasn't updated in a while, that may be because our peers are
not relaying blocks to us that we would consider valid. Allow connection
to an additional outbound peer in that circumstance.
Also, periodically check to see if we are exceeding our target number of
outbound peers, and disconnect the one which has least recently
announced a new block to us (choosing the newest such peer in the case
of tie).
Adds HasAllRelevantServices and GetRelevantServices, which check
for NETWORK|WITNESS.
This changes the following:
* Removes nRelevantServices from CConnman, disconnecting it a bit
more from protocol-level logic.
* Replaces our sometimes-connect-to-!WITNESS-nodes logic with
simply always requiring WITNESS|NETWORK for outbound non-feeler
connections (feelers still only require NETWORK).
* This has the added benefit of removing nServicesExpected from
CNode - instead letting net_processing's VERSION message
handling simply check HasAllRelevantServices.
* This implies we believe WITNESS nodes to continue to be a
significant majority of nodes on the network, but also because
we cannot sync properly from !WITNESS nodes, it is strange to
continue using our valuable outbound slots on them.
* In order to prevent this change from preventing connection to
-connect= nodes which have !WITNESS, -connect nodes are now
given the "addnode" flag. This also allows outbound connections
to !NODE_NETWORK nodes for -connect nodes (which was already true
of addnodes).
* Has the (somewhat unintended) consequence of changing one of the
eviction metrics from the same
sometimes-connect-to-!WITNESS-nodes metric to requiring
HasRelevantServices.
This should make NODE_NETWORK_LIMITED much simpler to implement.
b887676 net: remove now-unused functions (Cory Fields)
45fd754 net: remove now-superfluous numeric resolve (Cory Fields)
2416dd7 net: separate resolving and conecting (Cory Fields)
Pull request description:
This is a greatly simplified version of #10285, which only aims to address async resolving.
It essentially breaks up two wrapper functions for things only used in one place (ConnectSocketDirectly/ConnectThroughProxy) in favor of calling them directly. This allows us to fully handle resolves before attempting a connection, as is necessary for async connections.
As a bonus, I believe the logic is now much easier to follow than before.
Tree-SHA512: f03f618107379edf3efe2a9f3e3677e8f075017ab140a0b4fdc3b8263e6beff148d55256263ab10bc2125ef089ca68e0d8e865beeae176f1eca544e769c976d3
A C-style cast is equivalent to try casting in the following order:
1. const_cast(...)
2. static_cast(...)
3. const_cast(static_cast(...))
4. reinterpret_cast(...)
5. const_cast(reinterpret_cast(...))
By using static_cast<T>(...) explicitly we avoid the possibility
of an unintentional and dangerous reinterpret_cast. Furthermore
static_cast<T>(...) allows for easier grepping of casts.
This was added in order to help OpenNetworkConnection avoid creating a
connection that it would end up aborting. It was necessary because resolving
was done as part of the connection process.
Now that resolving is separated from connecting, this case is detected before
the connection is attempted.
ConnectSocketByName handled resolves as necessary, obscuring the connection
process. With them separated, each can be handled asynchronously.
Also, since proxies must be considered now anyway, go ahead and eliminate the
ConnectSocket wrapper and use ConnectSocketDirectly... directly.
