README
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Patrick O'brien
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174
README.md
174
README.md
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@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
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[](https://circleci.com/gh/vattle/sqlboiler)
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[](http://goreportcard.com/report/vattle/sqlboiler)
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SQLBoiler is a tool to generate a Go data model tailored to your database schema.
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SQLBoiler is a tool to generate a Go ORM tailored to your database schema.
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It is a "database-first" ORM as opposed to "code-first" (like gorm/gorp).
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That means you must first create your database schema. Please use something
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@ -361,7 +361,7 @@ Note: You can set the timezone for this feature by calling `boil.SetLocation()`
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We generate "Starter" methods for you. These methods are named as the plural versions of your model,
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for example: `models.Jets()`. Starter methods are used to build queries using our
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[Query Mod System](#query-mod-system). They take a collection of [Query Mods](#query-mod-system)
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[Query Mod System](#query-mod-system). They take a slice of [Query Mods](#query-mod-system)
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as parameters, and end with a call to a [Finisher](#finishers) method.
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Here are a few examples:
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@ -377,6 +377,14 @@ pilots, err := models.Pilots(qm.Limit(5)).All()
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err := models.Pilots(qm.Where("id=?", 1)).DeleteAll()
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```
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In the event that you would like to build a query and specify the table yourself, you
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can do so using `models.NewQuery()`:
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```go
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// Select all rows from the pilots table by using the From query mod.
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err := models.NewQuery(db, From("pilots")).All()
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```
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As you can see, [Query Mods](#query-mods) allow you to modify your queries, and [Finishers](#finishers)
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allow you to execute the final action.
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@ -400,6 +408,9 @@ for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
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// This allows you to save on performance.
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```
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Take a look at our [Relationships Query Building](#relationships) section for some additional query
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building information.
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### Query Mod System
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The query mod system allows you to modify queries created with [Starter](#query-building) methods
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@ -499,14 +510,19 @@ We provide `boil.SQL()` for executing raw queries. Generally you will want to us
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this, like the following:
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```go
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boil.SQL(db, "select * from pilots where id=$1", 5).Bind(&obj)
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err := boil.SQL(db, "select * from pilots where id=$1", 5).Bind(&obj)
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```
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You can use your own structs or a generated struct as a parameter to Bind. Bind supports both
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a single object for single row queries and a slice of objects for multiple row queries.
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You also have `models.NewQuery()` at your disposal if you would still like to use [Query Build](#query-building)
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but would like to build against a non-generated model.
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### Binding
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For a comprehensive ruleset for `Bind()` you can refer to our [godoc](https://godoc.org/github.com/vattle/sqlboiler/boil#Bind).
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The `Bind()` [Finisher](#finisher) allows the results of a query built with
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the [Raw SQL](#raw-query) method or the [Query Builder](#query-building) methods to be bound
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to your generated struct objects, or your own custom struct objects.
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@ -516,52 +532,79 @@ and have no need for the rest of the object variables, or custom join struct obj
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the following:
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```go
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// Custom object using two generated structs
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// Custom struct using two generated structs
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type PilotAndJet struct {
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models.Pilot `boil:",bind"`
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models.Jet `boil:",bind"`
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}
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var paj PilotAndJet
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boil.SQL("select pilots.*, jets.* from pilots inner join jets on jets.pilot_id=?", 1).Bind(&paj)
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// Use a raw query
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err := boil.SQL(`
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select pilots.id as "pilots.id", pilots.name as "pilots.name",
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jets.id as "jets.id", jets.pilot_id as "jets.pilot_id",
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jets.age as "jets.age", jets.name as "jets.name", jets.color as "jets.color"
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from pilots inner join jets on jets.pilot_id=?`, 23,
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).Bind(&paj)
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// Use query building
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err := models.NewQuery(db,
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Select("pilots.id", "pilots.name", "jets.id", "jets.pilot_id", "jets.age", "jets.name", "jets.color"),
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From("pilots"),
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InnerJoin("jets on jets.pilot_id = pilots.id"),
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).Bind(&paj)
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```
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```go
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// Custom object to select subset of data
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// Custom struct for selecting a subset of data
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type JetInfo struct {
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AgeSum int `boil:"age_sum"`
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Count int `boil:"juicy_count"`
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}
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var info JetInfo
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boil.SQL("select sum(age) as "age_sum", count(*) as "juicy_count" from jets").Bind(&info)
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// Use query building
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err := models.NewQuery(db, Select("sum(age) as age_sum", "count(*) as juicy_count", From("jets"))).Bind(&info)
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// Use a raw query
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err := boil.SQL(`select sum(age) as "age_sum", count(*) as "juicy_count" from jets`).Bind(&info)
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```
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We support the following struct tag modes for `Bind()` control:
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```go
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type CoolObject struct {
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// Don't specify a name, Bind will attempt snake_case conversion.
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// Don't specify a name, Bind will TitleCase the column
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// name, and try to match against this.
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Frog int
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// Specify an alternative db column name, can be whatever you like.
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// Specify an alternative name for the column, it will
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// be titlecased for matching, can be whatever you like.
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Cat int `boil:"kitten"`
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// Attempt to bind to members inside Dog if they
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// cannot be found on this outer layer first.
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Dog `boil:"bind"`
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// Ignore this member, do not attempt to bind it.
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// Ignore this struct field, do not attempt to bind it.
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Pig int `boil:"-"`
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// Instead of binding to this as a regular struct field
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// (like other sql-able structs eg. time.Time)
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// Recursively search inside the Dog struct for field names from the query.
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Dog `boil:",bind"`
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// Same as the above, except specify a different table name
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Mouse `boil:"rodent,bind"`
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// Ignore this struct field, do not attempt to bind it.
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Bird `boil:"-"`
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}
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```
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Note that structs take either `bind` or `-`, and regular members take an optional alternative column name.
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### Hooks
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We support the use of hooks for Before and After query execution. Every generated package
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that includes hooks has the following `HookPoints` defined:
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Before and After hooks are available for most operations. If you don't need them you can
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shrink the size of the generated code by disabling them with the `--no-hooks` flag.
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Every generated package that includes hooks has the following `HookPoints` defined:
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```go
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const (
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@ -592,13 +635,13 @@ models.AddPilotHook(boil.BeforeInsertHook, myHook)
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Your `ModelHook` will always be defined as `func(boil.Executor, *Model)`
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Please be aware that if your project has no need for hooks they can be disabled on generation
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using the `--no-hooks` flag. Doing so will save you some binary size on compilation.
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### Transactions
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The `boil.Executor` interface implements `sql.Tx`, as well as most other database driver
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implementations. This makes using transactions very simple:
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The boil.Executor interface powers all of SQLBoiler. This means anything that conforms
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to the three `Exec/Query/QueryRow` methods can be used. `sql.DB`, `sql.Tx` as well as other
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libraries (`sqlx`) conform to this interface, and therefore any of these things may be
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used as an executor for any query in the system. This makes using transactions very simple:
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```go
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tx, err := db.Begin()
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@ -627,7 +670,7 @@ fh, _ := os.Open("debug.txt")
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boil.DebugWriter = fh
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```
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Note: Debug output is messy at the moment. This is something we want to address.
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Note: Debug output is messy at the moment. This is something we would like addressed.
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### Select
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@ -658,8 +701,8 @@ jet, err := models.JetFind(db, 1, "name", "color")
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The main thing to be aware of with `Insert` is how the `whitelist` operates. If no whitelist
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argument is provided, `Insert` will abide by the following rules:
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- Insert all columns **without** a default value in the database.
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- Insert all columns with a non-zero value in the struct that have a default value in the database.
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- Insert all columns **without** a database default value.
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- Insert all columns with a non-zero value that have a database default value.
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On the other hand, if a whitelist is provided, we will only insert the columns specified in the whitelist.
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@ -791,10 +834,83 @@ err := pilots.ReloadAll(db)
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Note: `Reload` and `ReloadAll` are not recursive, if you need your relationships reloaded
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you will need to call the `Reload` methods on those yourself.
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### Exists
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```go
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jet, err := models.FindJet(db, 1)
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// Check if the pilot assigned to this jet exists.
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exists := jet.Pilot(db).Exists()
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// Check if the pilot with ID 5 exists
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exists := models.Pilots(db, Where("id=?", 5)).Exists()
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```
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### Relationships
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relationships to one and to many
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relationship set ops (to one: set, remove, tomany: add, set, remove)
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eager loading (nested and flat)
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Helper methods will be generated for every to one and to many relationship structure
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you have defined in your database by using foreign keys.
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We attach these helpers directly to your model struct, for example:
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```go
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jet, _ := models.FindJet(db, 1)
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// "to one" relationship helper method.
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// This will retrieve the pilot for the jet.
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pilot, err := jet.Pilot(db).One()
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// "to many" relationship helper method.
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// This will retrieve all languages for the pilot.
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languages, err := pilot.Languages(db).All()
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```
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If your relationship involves a join table SQLBoiler will figure it out for you transparently.
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It is important to note that you should use `Eager Loading` if you plan
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on loading large collections of rows, to avoid N+1 performance problems.
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For example, take the following:
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```go
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// Avoid this loop query pattern, it is slow.
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jets, _ := models.Jets(db).All()
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pilots := make([]models.Pilot, len(jets))
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for i := 0; i < len(jets); i++ {
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pilots[i] = jets[i].Pilot(db).OneP()
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}
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// Instead, use Eager Loading!
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jets, _ := models.Jets(db, Load("Pilot")).All()
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```
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Eager loading can be combined with other query mods, and it can also eager load recursively.
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```go
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// Example of a nested load.
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// Each jet will have its pilot loaded, and each pilot will have its languages loaded.
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jets, _ := models.Jets(db, Load("Pilot.Languages")).All()
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// Note that each level of a nested Load call will be loaded. No need to call Load() multiple times.
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// A larger, random example
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users, _ := models.Users(db,
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Load("Pets.Vets"),
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Load("Pets.Toys"),
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Load("Property"),
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Where("age > ?", 23),
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).All()
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```
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We provide the following methods for managing relationships on objects:
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**To One**
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- `SetX()`: Set the foreign key to point to something else: jet.SetPilot(...)
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- `RemoveX()`: Null out the foreign key, effectively removing the relationship between these two objects: jet.RemovePilot(...)
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**To Many**
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- `AddX()`: Add more relationships to the existing set of related Xs: pilot.AddLanguages(...)
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- `SetX()`: Remove all existing relationships, and replace them with the provided set: pilot.SetLanguages(...)
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- `RemoveX()`: Remove all provided relationships: pilot.RemoveVideos(...)
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## Benchmarks
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