lbry-sdk/lbry/wallet/header.py

import base64
import os
import struct
import asyncio
import logging
import zlib
from datetime import date

from io import BytesIO
from typing import Optional, Iterator, Tuple, Callable
from binascii import hexlify, unhexlify

from lbry.crypto.hash import sha512, double_sha256, ripemd160
from lbry.wallet.util import ArithUint256, date_to_julian_day
from .checkpoints import HASHES


log = logging.getLogger(__name__)


class InvalidHeader(Exception):

    def __init__(self, height, message):
        super().__init__(message)
        self.message = message
        self.height = height


class Headers:

    header_size = 112
    chunk_size = 10**16

    max_target = 0x0000ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff
    genesis_hash = b'9c89283ba0f3227f6c03b70216b9f665f0118d5e0fa729cedf4fb34d6a34f463'
    target_timespan = 150
    checkpoints = HASHES
    first_block_timestamp = 1466646588  # block 1, as 0 is off by a lot
    timestamp_average_offset = 160.6855883050695  # calculated at 733447

    validate_difficulty: bool = True

    def __init__(self, path) -> None:
        self.io = None
        self.path = path
        self._size: Optional[int] = None
        self.chunk_getter: Optional[Callable] = None
        self.known_missing_checkpointed_chunks = set()
        self.check_chunk_lock = asyncio.Lock()

    async def open(self):
        self.io = BytesIO()
        if self.path != ':memory:':
            if os.path.exists(self.path):
                with open(self.path, 'r+b') as header_file:
                    self.io.seek(0)
                    self.io.write(header_file.read())
        bytes_size = self.io.seek(0, os.SEEK_END)
        self._size = bytes_size // self.header_size
        max_checkpointed_height = max(self.checkpoints.keys() or [-1]) + 1000
        if bytes_size % self.header_size:
            log.warning("Reader file size doesnt match header size. Repairing, might take a while.")
            await self.repair()
        else:
            # try repairing any incomplete write on tip from previous runs (outside of checkpoints, that are ok)
            await self.repair(start_height=max_checkpointed_height)
        await self.ensure_checkpointed_size()
        await self.get_all_missing_headers()

    async def close(self):
        if self.io is not None:
            flags = 'r+b' if os.path.exists(self.path) else 'w+b'
            with open(self.path, flags) as header_file:
                header_file.write(self.io.getbuffer())
            self.io.close()
            self.io = None

    @staticmethod
    def serialize(header):
        return b''.join([
            struct.pack('<I', header['version']),
            unhexlify(header['prev_block_hash'])[::-1],
            unhexlify(header['merkle_root'])[::-1],
            unhexlify(header['claim_trie_root'])[::-1],
            struct.pack('<III', header['timestamp'], header['bits'], header['nonce'])
        ])

    @staticmethod
    def deserialize(height, header):
        version, = struct.unpack('<I', header[:4])
        timestamp, bits, nonce = struct.unpack('<III', header[100:112])
        return {
            'version': version,
            'prev_block_hash': hexlify(header[4:36][::-1]),
            'merkle_root': hexlify(header[36:68][::-1]),
            'claim_trie_root': hexlify(header[68:100][::-1]),
            'timestamp': timestamp,
            'bits': bits,
            'nonce': nonce,
            'block_height': height,
        }

    def get_next_chunk_target(self, chunk: int) -> ArithUint256:
        return ArithUint256(self.max_target)

    def get_next_block_target(self, max_target: ArithUint256, previous: Optional[dict],
                              current: Optional[dict]) -> ArithUint256:
        # https://github.com/lbryio/lbrycrd/blob/master/src/lbry.cpp
        if previous is None and current is None:
            return max_target
        if previous is None:
            previous = current
        actual_timespan = current['timestamp'] - previous['timestamp']
        modulated_timespan = self.target_timespan + int((actual_timespan - self.target_timespan) / 8)
        minimum_timespan = self.target_timespan - int(self.target_timespan / 8)  # 150 - 18 = 132
        maximum_timespan = self.target_timespan + int(self.target_timespan / 2)  # 150 + 75 = 225
        clamped_timespan = max(minimum_timespan, min(modulated_timespan, maximum_timespan))
        target = ArithUint256.from_compact(current['bits'])
        new_target = min(max_target, (target * clamped_timespan) / self.target_timespan)
        return new_target

    def __len__(self) -> int:
        return self._size

    def __bool__(self):
        return True

    async def get(self, height) -> dict:
        if isinstance(height, slice):
            raise NotImplementedError("Slicing of header chain has not been implemented yet.")
        try:
            return self.deserialize(height, await self.get_raw_header(height))
        except struct.error:
            raise IndexError(f"failed to get {height}, at {len(self)}")

    def estimated_timestamp(self, height, try_real_headers=True):
        if height <= 0:
            return
        if try_real_headers and self.has_header(height):
            offset = height * self.header_size
            return struct.unpack('<I', self.io.getbuffer()[offset + 100: offset + 104])[0]
        return int(self.first_block_timestamp + (height * self.timestamp_average_offset))

    def estimated_julian_day(self, height):
        return date_to_julian_day(date.fromtimestamp(self.estimated_timestamp(height, False)))

    async def get_raw_header(self, height) -> bytes:
        if self.chunk_getter:
            await self.ensure_chunk_at(height)
        if not 0 <= height <= self.height:
            raise IndexError(f"{height} is out of bounds, current height: {self.height}")
        return self._read(height)

    def _read(self, height, count=1):
        offset = height * self.header_size
        return bytes(self.io.getbuffer()[offset: offset + self.header_size * count])

    def chunk_hash(self, start, count):
        return self.hash_header(self._read(start, count)).decode()

    async def ensure_checkpointed_size(self):
        max_checkpointed_height = max(self.checkpoints.keys() or [-1])
        if self.height < max_checkpointed_height:
            self._write(max_checkpointed_height, bytes([0] * self.header_size * 1000))

    async def ensure_chunk_at(self, height):
        async with self.check_chunk_lock:
            if self.has_header(height):
                log.debug("has header %s", height)
                return
            return await self.fetch_chunk(height)

    async def fetch_chunk(self, height):
        log.info("on-demand fetching height %s", height)
        start = (height // 1000) * 1000
        headers = await self.chunk_getter(start)  # pylint: disable=not-callable
        chunk = (
            zlib.decompress(base64.b64decode(headers['base64']), wbits=-15, bufsize=600_000)
        )
        chunk_hash = self.hash_header(chunk).decode()
        if self.checkpoints.get(start) == chunk_hash:
            self._write(start, chunk)
            if start in self.known_missing_checkpointed_chunks:
                self.known_missing_checkpointed_chunks.remove(start)
            return
        elif start not in self.checkpoints:
            return  # todo: fixme
        raise Exception(
            f"Checkpoint mismatch at height {start}. Expected {self.checkpoints[start]}, but got {chunk_hash} instead."
        )

    def has_header(self, height):
        normalized_height = (height // 1000) * 1000
        if normalized_height in self.checkpoints:
            return normalized_height not in self.known_missing_checkpointed_chunks

        empty = '56944c5d3f98413ef45cf54545538103cc9f298e0575820ad3591376e2e0f65d'
        all_zeroes = '789d737d4f448e554b318c94063bbfa63e9ccda6e208f5648ca76ee68896557b'
        return self.chunk_hash(height, 1) not in (empty, all_zeroes)

    async def get_all_missing_headers(self):
        # Heavy operation done in one optimized shot
        for chunk_height, expected_hash in reversed(list(self.checkpoints.items())):
            if chunk_height in self.known_missing_checkpointed_chunks:
                continue
            if self.chunk_hash(chunk_height, 1000) != expected_hash:
                self.known_missing_checkpointed_chunks.add(chunk_height)
        return self.known_missing_checkpointed_chunks

    @property
    def height(self) -> int:
        return len(self)-1

    @property
    def bytes_size(self):
        return len(self) * self.header_size

    async def hash(self, height=None) -> bytes:
        return self.hash_header(
            await self.get_raw_header(height if height is not None else self.height)
        )

    @staticmethod
    def hash_header(header: bytes) -> bytes:
        if header is None:
            return b'0' * 64
        return hexlify(double_sha256(header)[::-1])

    async def connect(self, start: int, headers: bytes) -> int:
        added = 0
        bail = False
        for height, chunk in self._iterate_chunks(start, headers):
            try:
                # validate_chunk() is CPU bound and reads previous chunks from file system
                await self.validate_chunk(height, chunk)
            except InvalidHeader as e:
                bail = True
                chunk = chunk[:(height-e.height)*self.header_size]
            if chunk:
                added += self._write(height, chunk)
            if bail:
                break
        return added

    def _write(self, height, verified_chunk):
        self.io.seek(height * self.header_size, os.SEEK_SET)
        written = self.io.write(verified_chunk) // self.header_size
        # self.io.truncate()
        # .seek()/.write()/.truncate() might also .flush() when needed
        # the goal here is mainly to ensure we're definitely flush()'ing
        self.io.flush()
        self._size = max(self._size or 0, self.io.tell() // self.header_size)
        return written

    async def validate_chunk(self, height, chunk):
        previous_hash, previous_header, previous_previous_header = None, None, None
        if height > 0:
            raw = await self.get_raw_header(height-1)
            previous_header = self.deserialize(height-1, raw)
            previous_hash = self.hash_header(raw)
        if height > 1:
            previous_previous_header = await self.get(height-2)
        chunk_target = self.get_next_chunk_target(height // 2016 - 1)
        for current_hash, current_header in self._iterate_headers(height, chunk):
            block_target = self.get_next_block_target(chunk_target, previous_previous_header, previous_header)
            self.validate_header(height, current_hash, current_header, previous_hash, block_target)
            previous_previous_header = previous_header
            previous_header = current_header
            previous_hash = current_hash

    def validate_header(self, height: int, current_hash: bytes,
                        header: dict, previous_hash: bytes, target: ArithUint256):

        if previous_hash is None:
            if self.genesis_hash is not None and self.genesis_hash != current_hash:
                raise InvalidHeader(
                    height, f"genesis header doesn't match: {current_hash.decode()} "
                            f"vs expected {self.genesis_hash.decode()}")
            return

        if header['prev_block_hash'] != previous_hash:
            raise InvalidHeader(
                height, "previous hash mismatch: {} vs expected {}".format(
                    header['prev_block_hash'].decode(), previous_hash.decode())
            )

        if self.validate_difficulty:

            if header['bits'] != target.compact:
                raise InvalidHeader(
                    height, "bits mismatch: {} vs expected {}".format(
                        header['bits'], target.compact)
                )

            proof_of_work = self.get_proof_of_work(current_hash)
            if proof_of_work > target:
                raise InvalidHeader(
                    height, f"insufficient proof of work: {proof_of_work.value} vs target {target.value}"
                )

    async def repair(self, start_height=0):
        previous_header_hash = fail = None
        batch_size = 36
        for height in range(start_height, self.height, batch_size):
            headers = self._read(height, batch_size)
            if len(headers) % self.header_size != 0:
                headers = headers[:(len(headers) // self.header_size) * self.header_size]
            for header_hash, header in self._iterate_headers(height, headers):
                height = header['block_height']
                if previous_header_hash:
                    if header['prev_block_hash'] != previous_header_hash:
                        fail = True
                elif height == 0:
                    if header_hash != self.genesis_hash:
                        fail = True
                else:
                    # for sanity and clarity, since it is the only way we can end up here
                    assert start_height > 0 and height == start_height
                if fail:
                    log.warning("Header file corrupted at height %s, truncating it.", height - 1)
                    self.io.seek(max(0, (height - 1)) * self.header_size, os.SEEK_SET)
                    self.io.truncate()
                    self.io.flush()
                    self._size = self.io.seek(0, os.SEEK_END) // self.header_size
                    return
                previous_header_hash = header_hash

    @classmethod
    def get_proof_of_work(cls, header_hash: bytes):
        return ArithUint256(int(b'0x' + cls.header_hash_to_pow_hash(header_hash), 16))

    def _iterate_chunks(self, height: int, headers: bytes) -> Iterator[Tuple[int, bytes]]:
        assert len(headers) % self.header_size == 0, f"{len(headers)} {len(headers)%self.header_size}"
        start = 0
        end = (self.chunk_size - height % self.chunk_size) * self.header_size
        while start < end:
            yield height + (start // self.header_size), headers[start:end]
            start = end
            end = min(len(headers), end + self.chunk_size * self.header_size)

    def _iterate_headers(self, height: int, headers: bytes) -> Iterator[Tuple[bytes, dict]]:
        assert len(headers) % self.header_size == 0, len(headers)
        for idx in range(len(headers) // self.header_size):
            start, end = idx * self.header_size, (idx + 1) * self.header_size
            header = headers[start:end]
            yield self.hash_header(header), self.deserialize(height+idx, header)

    @staticmethod
    def header_hash_to_pow_hash(header_hash: bytes):
        header_hash_bytes = unhexlify(header_hash)[::-1]
        h = sha512(header_hash_bytes)
        pow_hash = double_sha256(
            ripemd160(h[:len(h) // 2]) +
            ripemd160(h[len(h) // 2:])
        )
        return hexlify(pow_hash[::-1])


class UnvalidatedHeaders(Headers):
    validate_difficulty = False
    max_target = 0x7fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff
    genesis_hash = b'6e3fcf1299d4ec5d79c3a4c91d624a4acf9e2e173d95a1a0504f677669687556'
    checkpoints = {}