179 lines
13 KiB
Markdown
179 lines
13 KiB
Markdown
# BitcoinJS (bitcoinjs-lib)
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[](https://travis-ci.org/bitcoinjs/bitcoinjs-lib)
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[](https://www.npmjs.org/package/bitcoinjs-lib)
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[](https://github.com/feross/standard)
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A javascript Bitcoin library for node.js and browsers.
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Released under the terms of the [MIT LICENSE](LICENSE).
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## Should I use this in production?
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If you are thinking of using the *master* branch of this library in production, **stop**.
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Master is not stable; it is our development branch, and [only tagged releases may be classified as stable](https://github.com/bitcoinjs/bitcoinjs-lib/tags).
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## Can I trust this code?
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> Don't trust. Verify.
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We recommend every user of this library and the [bitcoinjs](https://github.com/bitcoinjs) ecosystem audit and verify any underlying code for its validity and suitability, including reviewing any and all of your project's dependencies.
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Mistakes and bugs happen, but with your help in resolving and reporting [issues](https://github.com/bitcoinjs/bitcoinjs-lib/issues), together we can produce open source software that is:
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- Easy to audit and verify,
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- Tested, with test coverage >95%,
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- Advanced and feature rich,
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- Standardized, using [standard](https://github.com/standard/standard) and Node `Buffer`'s throughout, and
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- Friendly, with a strong and helpful community, ready to answer questions.
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## Documentation
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Presently, we do not have any formal documentation other than our [examples](#examples), please [ask for help](https://github.com/bitcoinjs/bitcoinjs-lib/issues/new) if our examples aren't enough to guide you.
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## Installation
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``` bash
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npm install bitcoinjs-lib
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```
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Typically we support the [Node Maintenance LTS version](https://github.com/nodejs/Release).
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If in doubt, see the [.travis.yml](.travis.yml) for what versions are used by our continuous integration tests.
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**WARNING**: We presently don't provide any tooling to verify that the release on `npm` matches GitHub. As such, you should verify anything downloaded by `npm` against your own verified copy.
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## Usage
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Crypto is hard.
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When working with private keys, the random number generator is fundamentally one of the most important parts of any software you write.
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For random number generation, we *default* to the [`randombytes`](https://github.com/crypto-browserify/randombytes) module, which uses [`window.crypto.getRandomValues`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/window.crypto.getRandomValues) in the browser, or Node js' [`crypto.randomBytes`](https://nodejs.org/api/crypto.html#crypto_crypto_randombytes_size_callback), depending on your build system.
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Although this default is ~OK, there is no simple way to detect if the underlying RNG provided is good enough, or if it is **catastrophically bad**.
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You should always verify this yourself to your own standards.
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This library uses [tiny-secp256k1](https://github.com/bitcoinjs/tiny-secp256k1), which uses [RFC6979](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6979) to help prevent `k` re-use and exploitation.
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Unfortunately, this isn't a silver bullet.
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Often, Javascript itself is working against us by bypassing these counter-measures.
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Problems in [`Buffer (UInt8Array)`](https://github.com/feross/buffer), for example, can trivially result in **catastrophic fund loss** without any warning.
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It can do this through undermining your random number generation, accidentally producing a [duplicate `k` value](https://www.nilsschneider.net/2013/01/28/recovering-bitcoin-private-keys.html), sending Bitcoin to a malformed output script, or any of a million different ways.
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Running tests in your target environment is important and a recommended step to verify continuously.
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Finally, **adhere to best practice**.
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We are not an authorative source of best practice, but, at the very least:
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* [Don't re-use addresses](https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Address_reuse).
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* Don't share BIP32 extended public keys ('xpubs'). [They are a liability](https://bitcoin.stackexchange.com/questions/56916/derivation-of-parent-private-key-from-non-hardened-child), and it only takes 1 misplaced private key (or a buggy implementation!) and you are vulnerable to **catastrophic fund loss**.
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* [Don't use `Math.random`](https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/181580/why-is-math-random-not-designed-to-be-cryptographically-secure) - in any way - don't.
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* Enforce that users always verify (manually) a freshly-decoded human-readable version of their intended transaction before broadcast.
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* Don't *ask* users to generate mnemonics, or 'brain wallets', humans are terrible random number generators.
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* Lastly, if you can, use [Typescript](https://www.typescriptlang.org/) or similar.
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### Browser
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The recommended method of using `bitcoinjs-lib` in your browser is through [Browserify](https://github.com/substack/node-browserify).
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If you're familiar with how to use browserify, ignore this and carry on, otherwise, it is recommended to read the tutorial at https://browserify.org/.
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**NOTE**: We use Node Maintenance LTS features, if you need strict ES5, use [`--transform babelify`](https://github.com/babel/babelify) in conjunction with your `browserify` step (using an [`es2015`](https://babeljs.io/docs/plugins/preset-es2015/) preset).
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**WARNING**: iOS devices have [problems](https://github.com/feross/buffer/issues/136), use atleast [buffer@5.0.5](https://github.com/feross/buffer/pull/155) or greater, and enforce the test suites (for `Buffer`, and any other dependency) pass before use.
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### Typescript or VSCode users
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Type declarations for Typescript [are available](https://github.com/DefinitelyTyped/DefinitelyTyped/tree/0897921174860ec3d5318992d2323b3ae8100a68/types/bitcoinjs-lib) for version `^3.0.0` of the library.
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``` bash
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npm install @types/bitcoinjs-lib
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```
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For VSCode (and other editors), it is advised to install the type declarations, as Intellisense uses that information to help you code (autocompletion, static analysis).
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**WARNING**: These Typescript definitions are not maintained by the maintainers of this repository, and are instead maintained at [DefinitelyTyped](https://github.com/DefinitelyTyped/DefinitelyTyped).
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Please report any issues or problems there.
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### Flow
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[Flow-type](https://flowtype.org/) definitions for are available in the [flow-*typed* repository](https://github.com/flowtype/flow-typed/tree/master/definitions/npm/bitcoinjs-lib_v2.x.x) for version `^2.0.0` of the library.
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You can [download them directly](https://github.com/flowtype/flow-typed/blob/master/definitions/npm/bitcoinjs-lib_v2.x.x/flow_v0.17.x-/bitcoinjs-lib_v2.x.x.js), or using the flow-typed CLI:
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``` bash
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npm install -g flow-typed
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flow-typed install -f 0.27 bitcoinjs-lib@2.2.0
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```
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**WARNING**: These flow-typed definitions are not maintained by the maintainers of this repository.
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## Examples
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The below examples are implemented as integration tests, they should be very easy to understand.
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Otherwise, pull requests are appreciated.
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Some examples interact (via HTTPS) with a 3rd Party Blockchain Provider (3PBP).
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- [Generate a random address](https://github.com/bitcoinjs/bitcoinjs-lib/blob/master/test/integration/addresses.js#L22)
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- [Import an address via WIF](https://github.com/bitcoinjs/bitcoinjs-lib/blob/master/test/integration/addresses.js#L40)
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- [Generate a 2-of-3 P2SH multisig address](https://github.com/bitcoinjs/bitcoinjs-lib/blob/master/test/integration/addresses.js#L47)
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- [Generate a SegWit address](https://github.com/bitcoinjs/bitcoinjs-lib/blob/master/test/integration/addresses.js#L60)
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- [Generate a SegWit P2SH address](https://github.com/bitcoinjs/bitcoinjs-lib/blob/master/test/integration/addresses.js#L67)
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- [Generate a SegWit 3-of-4 multisig address](https://github.com/bitcoinjs/bitcoinjs-lib/blob/master/test/integration/addresses.js#L76)
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- [Generate a SegWit 2-of-2 P2SH multisig address](https://github.com/bitcoinjs/bitcoinjs-lib/blob/master/test/integration/addresses.js#L90)
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- [Support the retrieval of transactions for an address (3rd party blockchain)](https://github.com/bitcoinjs/bitcoinjs-lib/blob/master/test/integration/addresses.js#L104)
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- [Generate a Testnet address](https://github.com/bitcoinjs/bitcoinjs-lib/blob/master/test/integration/addresses.js#L123)
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- [Generate a Litecoin address](https://github.com/bitcoinjs/bitcoinjs-lib/blob/master/test/integration/addresses.js#L133)
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- [Create a 1-to-1 Transaction](https://github.com/bitcoinjs/bitcoinjs-lib/blob/master/test/integration/transactions.js#L13)
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- [Create a 2-to-2 Transaction](https://github.com/bitcoinjs/bitcoinjs-lib/blob/master/test/integration/transactions.js#L28)
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- [Create (and broadcast via 3PBP) a typical Transaction](https://github.com/bitcoinjs/bitcoinjs-lib/blob/master/test/integration/transactions.js#L47)
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- [Create (and broadcast via 3PBP) a Transaction with an OP\_RETURN output](https://github.com/bitcoinjs/bitcoinjs-lib/blob/master/test/integration/transactions.js#L83)
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- [Create (and broadcast via 3PBP) a Transaction with a 2-of-4 P2SH(multisig) input](https://github.com/bitcoinjs/bitcoinjs-lib/blob/master/test/integration/transactions.js#L105)
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- [Create (and broadcast via 3PBP) a Transaction with a SegWit P2SH(P2WPKH) input](https://github.com/bitcoinjs/bitcoinjs-lib/blob/master/test/integration/transactions.js#L143)
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- [Create (and broadcast via 3PBP) a Transaction with a SegWit P2WPKH input](https://github.com/bitcoinjs/bitcoinjs-lib/blob/master/test/integration/transactions.js#L174)
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- [Create (and broadcast via 3PBP) a Transaction with a SegWit P2PK input](https://github.com/bitcoinjs/bitcoinjs-lib/blob/master/test/integration/transactions.js#L218)
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- [Create (and broadcast via 3PBP) a Transaction with a SegWit 3-of-4 P2SH(P2WSH(multisig)) input](https://github.com/bitcoinjs/bitcoinjs-lib/blob/master/test/integration/transactions.js#L263)
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- [Verify a Transaction signature](https://github.com/bitcoinjs/bitcoinjs-lib/blob/master/test/integration/transactions.js#L304)
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- [Import a BIP32 testnet xpriv and export to WIF](https://github.com/bitcoinjs/bitcoinjs-lib/blob/master/test/integration/bip32.js#L12)
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- [Export a BIP32 xpriv, then import it](https://github.com/bitcoinjs/bitcoinjs-lib/blob/master/test/integration/bip32.js#L20)
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- [Export a BIP32 xpub](https://github.com/bitcoinjs/bitcoinjs-lib/blob/master/test/integration/bip32.js#L31)
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- [Create a BIP32, bitcoin, account 0, external address](https://github.com/bitcoinjs/bitcoinjs-lib/blob/master/test/integration/bip32.js#L40)
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- [Create a BIP44, bitcoin, account 0, external address](https://github.com/bitcoinjs/bitcoinjs-lib/blob/master/test/integration/bip32.js#L55)
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- [Create a BIP49, bitcoin testnet, account 0, external address](https://github.com/bitcoinjs/bitcoinjs-lib/blob/master/test/integration/bip32.js#L71)
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- [Use BIP39 to generate BIP32 addresses](https://github.com/bitcoinjs/bitcoinjs-lib/blob/master/test/integration/bip32.js#L86)
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- [Create (and broadcast via 3PBP) a Transaction where Alice can redeem the output after the expiry (in the past)](https://github.com/bitcoinjs/bitcoinjs-lib/blob/master/test/integration/cltv.js#L43)
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- [Create (and broadcast via 3PBP) a Transaction where Alice can redeem the output after the expiry (in the future)](https://github.com/bitcoinjs/bitcoinjs-lib/blob/master/test/integration/cltv.js#L88)
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- [Create (and broadcast via 3PBP) a Transaction where Alice and Bob can redeem the output at any time](https://github.com/bitcoinjs/bitcoinjs-lib/blob/master/test/integration/cltv.js#L144)
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- [Create (but fail to broadcast via 3PBP) a Transaction where Alice attempts to redeem before the expiry](https://github.com/bitcoinjs/bitcoinjs-lib/blob/master/test/integration/cltv.js#L190)
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If you have a use case that you feel could be listed here, please [ask for it](https://github.com/bitcoinjs/bitcoinjs-lib/issues/new)!
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## Contributing
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See [CONTRIBUTING.md](CONTRIBUTING.md).
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### Running the test suite
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``` bash
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npm test
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npm run-script coverage
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```
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## Complementing Libraries
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- [BIP21](https://github.com/bitcoinjs/bip21) - A BIP21 compatible URL encoding library
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- [BIP38](https://github.com/bitcoinjs/bip38) - Passphrase-protected private keys
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- [BIP39](https://github.com/bitcoinjs/bip39) - Mnemonic generation for deterministic keys
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- [BIP32-Utils](https://github.com/bitcoinjs/bip32-utils) - A set of utilities for working with BIP32
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- [BIP66](https://github.com/bitcoinjs/bip66) - Strict DER signature decoding
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- [BIP68](https://github.com/bitcoinjs/bip68) - Relative lock-time encoding library
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- [BIP69](https://github.com/bitcoinjs/bip69) - Lexicographical Indexing of Transaction Inputs and Outputs
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- [Base58](https://github.com/cryptocoinjs/bs58) - Base58 encoding/decoding
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- [Base58 Check](https://github.com/bitcoinjs/bs58check) - Base58 check encoding/decoding
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- [Bech32](https://github.com/bitcoinjs/bech32) - A BIP173 compliant Bech32 encoding library
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- [coinselect](https://github.com/bitcoinjs/coinselect) - A fee-optimizing, transaction input selection module for bitcoinjs-lib.
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- [merkle-lib](https://github.com/bitcoinjs/merkle-lib) - A performance conscious library for merkle root and tree calculations.
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- [minimaldata](https://github.com/bitcoinjs/minimaldata) - A module to check bitcoin policy: SCRIPT_VERIFY_MINIMALDATA
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## Alternatives
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- [BCoin](https://github.com/indutny/bcoin)
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- [Bitcore](https://github.com/bitpay/bitcore)
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- [Cryptocoin](https://github.com/cryptocoinjs/cryptocoin)
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## LICENSE [MIT](LICENSE)
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