This commit implements a new type, named scriptNum, for handling all
numeric values used in scripts and converts the code over to make use of
it. This is being done for a few of reasons.
First, the consensus rules for handling numeric values in the scripts
require special handling with subtle semantics. By encapsulating those
details into a type specifically dedicated to that purpose, it
simplifies the code and generally helps prevent improper usage.
Second, the new type is quite a bit more efficient than big.Ints which
are designed to be arbitrarily large and thus involve a lot of heap
allocations and additional multi-precision bookkeeping. Because this
new type is based on an int64, it allows the numbers to be stack
allocated thereby eliminating a lot of GC and also eliminates the extra
multi-precision arithmetic bookkeeping.
The use of an int64 is possible because the consensus rules dictate that
when data is interpreted as a number, it is limited to an int32 even
though results outside of this range are allowed so long as they are not
interpreted as integers again themselves. Thus, the maximum possible
result comes from multiplying a max int32 by itself which safely fits
into an int64 and can then still appropriately provide the serialization
of the larger number as required by consensus.
Finally, it more closely resembles the implementation used by Bitcoin
Core and thus makes is easier to compare the behavior between the two
implementations.
This commit also includes a full suite of tests with 100% coverage of
the semantics of the new type.
This commit contains a lot of cleanup on the txscript code to make it
more consistent with the code throughout the rest of the project. It
doesn't change any operational logic.
The following is an overview of the changes:
- Add a significant number of comments throughout in order to better
explain what the code is doing
- Fix several comment typos
- Move a couple of constants only used by the engine to engine.go
- Move a variable only used by the engine to engine.go
- Fix a couple of format specifiers in the test prints
- Reorder functions so they're defined before/closer to use
- Make the code lint clean with the exception of the opcode definitions
- Remove all redundant opcode tests in favor of the JSON-based tests
in the data directory.
- Remove duplicate stack nip test
- Add new tests to data/script_invalid.json to exercise additional
negative error paths
- Remove old unneeded pubkey trace code from opcodeCheckSig
- Simplify and improve the disassembly print function
- Add new tests to directly test all individual opcode disassembly
- Add new tests to directly test opcode disabled function which does not
get invoked during ordinary execution
- Improve test coverage of opcode.go
This commit moves the opcode execution logic from the opcode type to the
engine type because execution of an opcode modifies the engine state
(primarily the main and alternate data stacks) as opposed to the state
of the opcode. Making the engine the receiver more clearly indicates
this fact.
This commit very slightly optimizes the cryptographic hashing performed
by the script opcodes by calling the hash sum routines directly (for
those that support it) rather than allocating a new generic hash.Hash
hasher instance for them.
This commit unexports the Stack type since it is only intended to be
used internally during script execution. Further, the engine exposes
the {G,S}etStack and {G,S}etAltStack functions which return the items as
a slice of byte slices ([][]byte) for caller access while stepping.
* The cases for the 'addnode' command were previously
stacked on top the new cases for the 'node' command.
The intended behavior was to create a fall through and
handle both commands. However, trying to use this
syntax with a type switch caused the first case to be
ignored.
* addnode' specific functions and structs in the server
have been removed. Instead, the 'add' and 'del' subcommands
are now proxied to the matching 'node' cmd functions.
This commit removes the NewOutPointFromWire function from the btcjson
version 2 package so it can be used without needing the wire package as a
dependency. It also updates the test accordingly.
This results in the package only depending on core Go packages.
Closes#401.
This commit improves the way the conditional execution stack is handled in
a few ways.
First, the current execution state is now pushed onto the end of the slice
rather than the front of it. This has been done because it results in
fewer allocations and is therefore more efficient.
Second, the need for allocating and setting an initial true in the
conditional stack has been eliminated. The vast majority of scripts don't
contain any conditionals, so there is no reason to allocate a slice when
it isn't needed.
Third, a new function has been added to the engine to determine if the
current conditional branch is executing named isBranchExecuting which
handles the fact the conditional execution stack can now be empty and
improves the readability of the code.
Finally, it removes a couple of TODOs which I have verified do not apply.
This commit exports a new map named OpcodeByName which can be used to
lookup an opcode value given a human-readable opcode name.
It also modifies the test function which does short form parsing to use
the new map instead of the internal array.
Closes#267.
This commit converts the opcode map to an array to improve performance.
Benchmark of executing a standard p2pk transaction:
New: BenchmarkExecute 2000 784349 ns/op
Old: BenchmarkExecute 2000 792600 ns/op
The time is dominated by the signature checking as expected, however there
is still an increase in speed.
This commit modifies the definition of the opcodes to their hex
counterparts rather than decimal since it is far more common to see
scripts in hex. This makes it easier when manually looking at script
dumps to correlate opcodes. However, since there are also cases where it
is useful to see the decimal value of the opcode, the decimal value has
been left as a comment. Obviously converting the numbers is trivial, but
it is handy when looking at the opcode definitions to already have it
there.
In addition, it syncs the opcodes with the latest Bitcoin Core internal
opcodes for completeness and modifies the tests accordingly.
Rather than storing a separate bool for whether or not each flag is set in
every script engine instance, store the flags and check if the relevant
flag is set from each specific location.
This reduces the memory needed by each script engine instance and means
future flags will not require new fields.
This commit renames the Script type to Engine to better reflect its
purpose. It also renames the NewScript function to NewEngine to match.
This is being done because name Script for the engine is confusing since
it implies it is an actual script rather than the execution environment
for the script. It also paves the way for eventually supplying a
ParsedScript type which will be less likely to be confused with the
execution environment.
While moving the code, some additional variable names and comments have
been updated to better match the style used throughout the rest of the
code base. In addition, an attempt has been made to use consistent naming
of the engine as 'vm' instead of using different variables names as it was
previously.
Finally, the relevant engine code has been moved into a new file named
engine.go and related tests moved to engine_test.go.
This commit separates the test functions and associated helper functions
which are used to execute the reference transaction and script tests from
Bitcoin Core into a separate file named reference_test.go.
Also, add a few comments and fix a couple of typos along the way.
This commit removes the unnecessary sigScript parameter from the
txscript.NewScript function. This has bothered me for a while because it
can and really should be obtained from the provided transaction and input
index. The way it was, the passed script could technically be different
than what is in the transaction. Obviously that would be an improper use
of the API, but it's safer and more convenient to simply pull it from the
provided transaction and index.
Also, since the function signature is changing anyways, make the input
index parameter come after the transaction which it references.
This commit removes the error returns from the BlockHeader.BlockSha,
MsgBlock.BlockSha, and MsgTx.TxSha functions since they can never fail and
end up causing a lot of unneeded error checking throughout the code base.
It also updates all call sites for the change.
* Gives node operators full control of peer connectivity
* RPC adds ability to disconnect all matching non-persistent peers,
remove persistent peers, and connect to peers making them either
temporary or persistent.
This change reduces fingerprinting via timestamps in addr messages.
Previously, the last seen time for an address was updated when
certain protocol commands were received. Now, the last seen time
is set when the peer disconnects if the peer had sent a verack
message and was connected for more than 20 minutes.
This mimics Bitcoin Core commit:
9c2737901b5203f267d21d728019d64b46f1d9f3
Also, add additional sanity checking before updating the peer's
timestamp. These include:
- Do not mark a peer as connected if we never received
a version message.
- Disconnect a peer for sending a verack before btcd
sent a version
- Disconnect a peer for sending multiple verack's
This change was suggested as Countermeasure 2 in
Eclipse Attacks on Bitcoin's Peer-to-Peer Network, Ethan
Heilman, Alison Kendler, Aviv Zohar, Sharon Goldberg. ePrint Archive
Report 2015/263. March 2015.
This mimics Bitcoin Core commit c6a63ceeb4956933588995bcf01dc3095aaeb1fc
This change was suggested as Countermeasure 2 in Eclipse Attacks on
Bitcoin's Peer-to-Peer Network, Ethan Heilman, Alison Kendler, Aviv
Zohar, Sharon Goldberg. ePrint Archive Report 2015/263. March 2015.
This mimics Bitcoin Core commit
f68ba3f67bd500a64fb8932c6b41924ddc31d76f
Because FetchTransactionStore in GetBlockTemplate occasionally accesses
the internal blockchain memory structure while it is being read or modified,
a race can occur. To prevent this, FetchTransactionStore is instead
routed through the internal channel for blockchain requests.
The limited user is specified with the --rpclimituser and
--rpclimitpass options (or the equivalent in the config file).
The config struct and loadConfig() are updated to take the
new options into account. The limited user can have neither
the same username nor the same password as the admin user.
The package-level rpcLimit map in rpcserver.go specifies
the RPC commands accessible by limited users. This map
includes both HTTP/S and websocket commands.
The checkAuth function gets a new return parameter to
signify whether the user is authorized to change server
state. The result is passed to the jsonRPCRead function and
to the WebsocketHandler function in rpcwebsocket.go.
The wsClient struct is updated with an "isAdmin" field
signifying that the client is authorized to change server
state, written by WebsocketHandler and handleMessage.
The handleMessage function also checks the field to
allow or disallow an RPC call.
The following documentation files are updated:
- doc.go
- sample-btcd.conf
- docs/README.md
- docs/json_rpc_api.md
- docs/configure_rpc_server_listen_interfaces.md
This commit adds a new function which is similar to the DoubleSha256
function except it returns a ShaHash copy instead of a byte slice. It
also adds a new benchmark for it.
This can be a slight optimization in certain cases where the caller
ultimately wants a ShaHash since it can avoid a heap allocation and
additional copy to convert the result to a ShaHash (the function simply
performs a type cast against the returned array which is not possible
against a []byte).
existing: DoubleSha256 500000 3081 ns/op 32 B/op 1 allocs/op
new: DoubleSha256SH 500000 2939 ns/op 0 B/op 0 allocs/op
The hashing functions for blocks and transactions have also been updated
to make use of the new function since they directly return the ShaHash.
The transaction change in particular is quite useful since transactions
are frequently hashed and this change allows all of those hashes to avoid
an additional heap allocation.
This commit contains three classes of optimizations:
- Reducing the number of unnecessary hash copies
- Improve the performance of the DoubleSha256 function
- A couple of minor optimizations of the ShaHash functions
The first class is a result of the Bytes function on a ShaHash making a
copy of the bytes before returning them. It really should have been named
CloneBytes, but that would break the API now.
To address this, a comment has been added to the function which explicitly
calls out the copy behavior. In addition, all call sites of .Bytes on a
ShaHash in the code base have been updated to simply slice the array when
a copy is not needed. This saves a significant amount of data copying.
The second optimization modifies the DoubleSha256 function to directly use
fastsha256.Sum256 instead of the hasher interface. This reduces the
number of allocations needed. A benchmark for the function has been added
as well.
old: BenchmarkDoubleSha256 500000 3691 ns/op 192 B/op 3 allocs/op
new: BenchmarkDoubleSha256 500000 3081 ns/op 32 B/op 1 allocs/op
The final optimizations are for the ShaHash IsEqual and SetBytes functions
which have been modified to make use of the fact the type is an array and
remove an unneeded subslice.
This change was suggested as Countermeasure 6 in
Eclipse Attacks on Bitcoin’s Peer-to-Peer Network, Ethan
Heilman, Alison Kendler, Aviv Zohar, Sharon Goldberg. ePrint Archive
Report 2015/263. March 2015.
This mimics Bitcoin Core commit 1d21ba2f5ecbf03086d0b65c4c4c80a39a94c2ee
