c9f3062 Add fundrawtransactions new reserveChangeKey option to the release notes (Jonas Schnelli)
9eb325d [QA] Add test for fundrawtransactions new reserveChangeKey option (Jonas Schnelli)
9aa4e6a [Wallet] Add an option to keep the change address key, true by default (Jonas Schnelli)
This command allows a user to increase the fee on a wallet transaction T, creating a "bumper" transaction B.
T must signal that it is BIP-125 replaceable.
T's change output is decremented to pay the additional fee. (B will not add inputs to T.)
T cannot have any descendant transactions.
Once B bumps T, neither T nor B's outputs can be spent until either T or (more likely) B is mined.
Includes code by @jonasschnelli and @ryanofsky
In spite of the name FindLatestBefore used std::lower_bound to try
to find the earliest block with a nTime greater or equal to the
the requested value. But lower_bound uses bisection and requires
the input to be ordered with respect to the comparison operation.
Block times are not well ordered.
I don't know what lower_bound is permitted to do when the data
is not sufficiently ordered, but it's probably not good.
(I could construct an implementation which would infinite loop...)
To resolve the issue this commit introduces a maximum-so-far to the
block indexes and searches that.
For clarity the function is renamed to reflect what it actually does.
An issue that remains is that there is no grace period in importmulti:
If a address is created at time T and a send is immediately broadcast
and included by a miner with a slow clock there may not yet have been
any block with at least time T.
The normal rescan has a grace period of 7200 seconds, but importmulti
does not.
4e7e2e1 Update RPC argument names (John Newbery)
481f289 rpc: Named argument support for bitcoin-cli (Wladimir J. van der Laan)
9adb4e1 rpc: Argument name consistency (Wladimir J. van der Laan)
8d713f7 rpc: Named arguments for rawtransaction calls (Wladimir J. van der Laan)
37a166f rpc: Named arguments for wallet calls (Wladimir J. van der Laan)
78b684f rpc: Named arguments for mining calls (Wladimir J. van der Laan)
b8ebc59 rpc: Named arguments for net calls (Wladimir J. van der Laan)
2ca9dcd test: Add test for RPC named arguments (Wladimir J. van der Laan)
fba1a61 rpc: Named arguments for misc calls (Wladimir J. van der Laan)
286ec08 rpc: Add 'echo' call for testing (Wladimir J. van der Laan)
495eb44 rpc: Named arguments for blockchain calls (Wladimir J. van der Laan)
6f1c76a rpc: Support named arguments (Wladimir J. van der Laan)
5865d41 authproxy: Add support for RPC named arguments (Wladimir J. van der Laan)
5113474 wallet: Use CDataStream.data() (Wladimir J. van der Laan)
e2300ff bench: Use CDataStream.data() (Wladimir J. van der Laan)
adff950 dbwrapper: Use new .data() method of CDataStream (Wladimir J. van der Laan)
a2141e4 streams: Remove special cases for ancient MSVC (Wladimir J. van der Laan)
af4c44c streams: Add data() method to CDataStream (Wladimir J. van der Laan)
On repeated calls to SelectCoins we try to meet the fee necessary for the last transaction, the new fee required might be smaller, so increase our change by the difference if we can.
Once we've picked coins and dummy-signed the transaction to calculate fee, if we don't have sufficient fee, then try to meet the fee by reducing change before resorting to picking new coins.
Performing signing in the inner loop has terrible performance
when many passes through are needed to complete the selection.
Signing before the algorithm is complete also gets in the way
of correctly setting the fee (e.g. preventing over-payment when
the fee required goes down on the final selection.)
Use of the dummy might overpay on the signatures by a couple bytes
in uncommon cases where the signatures' DER encoding is smaller
than the dummy: Who cares?
The meaning is clear from the context, and we're inconsistent here.
Also save typing when using named arguments.
- `bitcoinaddress` -> `address`
- `bitcoinprivkey` -> `privkey`
- `bitcoinpubkey` -> `pubkey`
Fee estimation can just check its own mapMemPoolTxs to determine the same information. Note that now fee estimation for block processing must happen before those transactions are removed, but this shoudl be a speedup.
5394b39 Wallet: Split main logic from InitLoadWallet into CreateWalletFromFile (Luke Dashjr)
fb0c934 Wallet: Let the interval-flushing thread figure out the filename (Luke Dashjr)
cee1612 reduce number of lookups in TransactionWithinChainLimit (Gregory Sanders)
af9bedb Test for fix of txn chaining in wallet (Gregory Sanders)
5882c09 CreateTransaction: Don't return success with too-many-ancestor txn (Gregory Sanders)
0b2294a SelectCoinsMinConf: Prefer coins with fewer ancestors (Gregory Sanders)
This change removes a mapValue.erase("version") statement which deletes a
mapValue entry that never existed. The statement was mistakenly added in commit
865c3a2383 in 2010 and is harmless but confusing.
This resolves an issue where a wallet transaction which failed to
relay previously because it couldn't make it into the mempool
will not try again until restart, even though mempool conditions
may have changed.
Abandoned and known-conflicted transactions are skipped.
Some concern was expressed that there may be users with many
unknown conflicts would waste a lot of CPU time trying to
add them to their memory pools over and over again. But I am
doubtful these users exist in any number, if they do exist
they have worse problems, and they can mitigate any performance
issue this might have by abandoning the transactions in question.
Remove the nType and nVersion as parameters to all serialization methods
and functions. There is only one place where it's read and has an impact
(in CAddress), and even there it does not impact any of the recursively
invoked serializers.
Instead, the few places that need nType or nVersion are changed to read
it directly from the stream object, through GetType() and GetVersion()
methods which are added to all stream classes.
444c673 bench: Add benchmark for lockedpool allocation/deallocation (Wladimir J. van der Laan)
6567999 rpc: Add `getmemoryinfo` call (Wladimir J. van der Laan)
4536148 support: Add LockedPool (Wladimir J. van der Laan)
f4d1fc2 wallet: Get rid of LockObject and UnlockObject calls in key.h (Wladimir J. van der Laan)
999e4c9 wallet: Change CCrypter to use vectors with secure allocator (Wladimir J. van der Laan)
Recent discussion (in IRC meetings, and e.g. #8989) has shown a
preference for the default confirm target for smartfees to be 6 instead
of 2, to avoid overpaying fees for questionable gain.
6 is also a compromise between the GUI's pre-#8989 value of 25 and the
bitcoind `-txconfirmtarget` default of 2. These were unified in #8989,
but this has made the (overly expensive) default of 2 as GUI default.
Change CCrypter to use vectors with secure allocator instead of buffers
on in the object itself which will end up on the stack. This avoids
having to call LockedPageManager to lock stack memory pages to prevent the
memory from being swapped to disk. This is wasteful.
There are only a few uses of `insecure_random` outside the tests.
This PR replaces uses of insecure_random (and its accompanying global
state) in the core code with an FastRandomContext that is automatically
seeded on creation.
This is meant to be used for inner loops. The FastRandomContext
can be in the outer scope, or the class itself, then rand32() is used
inside the loop. Useful e.g. for pushing addresses in CNode or the fee
rounding, or randomization for coin selection.
As a context is created per purpose, thus it gets rid of
cross-thread unprotected shared usage of a single set of globals, this
should also get rid of the potential race conditions.
- I'd say TxMempool::check is not called enough to warrant using a special
fast random context, this is switched to GetRand() (open for
discussion...)
- The use of `insecure_rand` in ConnectThroughProxy has been replaced by
an atomic integer counter. The only goal here is to have a different
credentials pair for each connection to go on a different Tor circuit,
it does not need to be random nor unpredictable.
- To avoid having a FastRandomContext on every CNode, the context is
passed into PushAddress as appropriate.
There remains an insecure_random for test usage in `test_random.h`.
2ca6b9d Remove last reference to CWalletDB from accounting_tests.cpp (Patrick Strateman)
02e2a81 Remove pwalletdb parameter from CWallet::AddAccountingEntry (Patrick Strateman)
d2e678d Add CWallet::ReorderTransactions and use in accounting_tests.cpp (Patrick Strateman)
59adc86 Add CWallet::ListAccountCreditDebit (Patrick Strateman)
86726d8 Rename `-optintofullrbf` option to `-walletrbf` (Wladimir J. van der Laan)
05fa823 wallet: Add BIP125 comment for MAXINT-1/-2 behavior (Wladimir J. van der Laan)
152f45b Add option to opt into full-RBF when sending funds (Peter Todd)
Remove the unused variable "blockTmp" in CMerkleTx::SetMerkleBranch. It
was previously used to read the block from disk if not provided as
argument, but is no longer needed.
9e9d644 net: fixup nits (Cory Fields)
8945384 net: Have LookupNumeric return a CService directly (Cory Fields)
21ba407 net: narrow include scope after moving to netaddress (Cory Fields)
21e5b96 net: move CNetAddr/CService/CSubNet out of netbase (Cory Fields)
1017b8a net: Add direct tests for new CSubNet constructors (Cory Fields)
b6c3ff3 net: Split resolving out of CSubNet (Cory Fields)
f96c7c4 net: Split resolving out of CService (Cory Fields)
31d6b1d net: Split resolving out of CNetAddr (Cory Fields)
Forward-ports two commits from 0.13:
- [0.13] Create a new HD seed after encrypting the wallet
- [Wallet] Add CKeyMetadata record for HDMasterKey(s), factor out HD key generation
Github-Pull: #8389
Rebased-From: f142c11ac634df487cc4bc65a5f1c9a3e3563dd9 de45c065f0648c4c41b57cb492420ceeed29dd11
7945088 [Wallet] comsetic non-code changes for the HD feature (Jonas Schnelli)
68d7682 [Wallet] ensure CKeyMetadata.hdMasterKeyID will be cleared during SetNull() (Jonas Schnelli)
f708085 [QA] extend wallet-hd test to cover HD metadata (Jonas Schnelli)
986c223 [Wallet] print hd masterkeyid in getwalletinfo (Jonas Schnelli)
b1c7b24 [Wallet] report optional HDKeypath/HDMasterKeyId in validateaddress (Jonas Schnelli)
5b95dd2 [Wallet] extend CKeyMetadata with HD keypath (Jonas Schnelli)
This reverts PR #4906, "Coinselection prunes extraneous inputs from
ApproximateBestSubset".
Apparently the previous behavior of slightly over-estimating the set of
inputs was useful in cleaning up UTXOs.
See also #7664, #7657, as well as 2016-07-01 discussion on #bitcoin-core-dev IRC.
Putting the build date in the executable is a practice that has no place
in these days, now that deterministic building is increasingly common.
Continues #7732 which did this for the GUI.
Also introduce UniValueType
UniValueType is a wrapper for UniValue::VType which allows setting
a typeAny flag. This flag indicates the type does not matter.
(Used by RPCTypeCheckObj)
Before this, if someone imported a scriptPubKey directly (in hex form) using
importaddress, outputs sending to it would be treated as change, as the
corresponding CTxDestination was not added to the address book.
Fix this by trying to detect scriptPubKeys that are in fact convertible to a
CTxDestination and add them anyway. Add a warning to the RPC help to warn
against importing raw non-standard scripts.
fa83a5d [qa] wallet: Temporarily disable salvagewallet test (MarcoFalke)
fadd048 [doc] Link to clang-format in the developer notes (MarcoFalke)
fa72f7d [doc] Remove outdated line from listunspent RPC help, fix typo (MarcoFalke)
ac40ed7 Increase timeout waiting for pruned blk00000.dat (error10)
Verify that results correct (match known values), consistent (encrypt->decrypt
matches the original), and compatible with the previous openssl implementation.
Also check that failed encrypts/decrypts fail the exact same way as openssl.
Move the version reporting to Wallet::Verify, before starting
verification of the wallet.
This removes the dependency of init on a specific wallet database
library.
A further, trivial step towards resolving #7965.
b30fb42 test: Rename wallet.dat to wallet_test.dat (Wladimir J. van der Laan)
a25a4f5 wallet_ismine.h → script/ismine.h (Wladimir J. van der Laan)
f4eae2d test: Create test fixture for wallet (Wladimir J. van der Laan)
de39c95 test: move accounting_tests and rpc_wallet_tests to wallet/test (Wladimir J. van der Laan)
Without the newline I see "bein" where the two lines are concatenated:
Note that all inputs selected must be of standard form and P2SH scripts must *bein* the wallet using importaddress or addmultisigaddress (to calculate fees).
Split out methods to every module, apart from 'help' and 'stop' which
are implemented in rpcserver.cpp itself.
- This makes it easier to add or remove RPC commands - no longer everything that includes
rpcserver.h has to be rebuilt when there's a change there.
- Cleans up `rpc/server.h` by getting rid of the huge cluttered list of function definitions.
- Removes most of the bitcoin-specific code from rpcserver.cpp and .h.
Continues #7307 for the non-wallet.
The "feefilter" p2p message is used to inform other nodes of your mempool min fee which is the feerate that any new transaction must meet to be accepted to your mempool. This will allow them to filter invs to you according to this feerate.
BerkeleyDB dump files have key and value lines indented.
The salvage code passes these to ParseHex as-is.
Check this in the tests (should just pass with current code).
Check for EOF before every getline, and warn when reading gets to EOF
before the end of the data.
Stricter error checking could shed more light on issues such as #7463
and #7379.
If number of conflict confirms cannot be determined, this means
that the block is still unknown or not yet part of the main chain,
for example during a reindex. Do nothing in that case,
instead of crash with an assertion.
Fixes#7234.
Add "bip125-replaceable" output field to listtransactions and gettransaction
which indicates if an unconfirmed transaction, or any unconfirmed parent, is
signaling opt-in RBF according to BIP 125.
d11fc16 [Wallet] Call notification signal when a transaction is abandoned (Jonas Schnelli)
df0e222 Add RPC test for abandoned and conflicted transactions. (Alex Morcos)
01e06d1 Add new rpc call: abandontransaction (Alex Morcos)
9e69717 Make wallet descendant searching more efficient (Alex Morcos)
Unconfirmed transactions that are not in your mempool either due to eviction or other means may be unlikely to be mined. abandontransaction gives the wallet a way to no longer consider as spent the coins that are inputs to such a transaction. All dependent transactions in the wallet will also be marked as abandoned.
Due to include ordering, defining in one place was not enough to ensure correct
usage. Use global defines so that we don't have to worry abou this ordering.
Also add a comment in configure about the test.
fa33d97 [walletdb] Add missing LOCK() in Recover() for dummyWallet (MarcoFalke)
fa14d99 [qa] check if wallet or blochchain maintenance changes the balance (MarcoFalke)
fa0765d [qa] Cleanup wallet.py test (MarcoFalke)
This is ugly, but temporary. boost::filesystem will likely be dropped soon
after c++11 is enabled. Otherwise, we could simply roll our own copy_file. I've
fixed this at the buildsystem level for now in order to avoid mixing in
functional changes.
Explanation:
If boost (prior to 1.57) was built without c++11, it emulated scoped enums
using c++98 constructs. Unfortunately, this implementation detail leaked into
the abi. This was fixed in 1.57.
When building against that installed version using c++11, the headers pick up
on the native c++11 scoped enum support and enable it, however it will fail to
link. This can be worked around by disabling c++11 scoped enums if linking will
fail.
Add an autoconf test to determine incompatibility. At build-time, if native
enums are being used (a c++11 build), and force-disabling them causes a
successful link, we can be sure that there's an incompatibility and enable the
work-around.
Don't scan the wallet to see if the current key has been used if we're going to make a new key anyway.
Stop scanning the wallet as soon as we see that the current key has been used.
Don't call isValid() twice on the current key.
CWalletTx::GetAmounts could not find output address for null data transactions, thus issuing an error in debug.log. This change checks to see if the transaction is OP_RETURN before issuing error.
resolves#6142
A further pass over the available inputs has been added to ApproximateBestSubset after a candidate set has been found. It will prune any extraneous inputs in the selected subset, in order to decrease the number of input and the resulting change.
ff723da [Qt] improve minimum absolute fee option - Only display the minimum absolute fee control if CoinControl is enabled (Jonas Schnelli)
31b508a [Qt] make use of the nMinimumTotalFee (absolute) in coincontrols fee calculation (Jonas Schnelli)
80462dd [Qt] use ASYMP_UTF8 (≈) whenever we show a fee that is not absolute (Jonas Schnelli)
ecc7c82 Move fPayAtLeastCustomFee function to CC (Pieter Wuille)
This allows for much finer control of the transaction fees per kilobyte
as it prevent small transactions using a fee that is more appropriate
for one that is of a kilobyte.
This also allows controlling the fee per kilobyte over rpc such that:
bitcoin-cli settxfee `bitcoin-cli estimatefee 2`
would make sense, while currently it grossly fails often by a factor of x3
Previous text could be interpreted as the the _additional_ fee paid by
the result on top of the fee the original version paid, rather than the
correct interpretation: the absolute fee the resulting tx pays.
6342a48 Init: Use DEFAULT_TRANSACTION_MINFEE in help message (MarcoFalke)
a9c73a1 [wallet] Add comments for doxygen (MarcoFalke)
6b0e622 [wallet] Refactor to use new MIN_CHANGE (MarcoFalke)
a6efc01 Bugfix: Omit wallet-related options from -help when wallet is disabled (Luke Dashjr)
5f9260f Bugfix: If genproclimit is omitted to RPC setgenerate, don't change it; also show correct default in getmininginfo (Luke Dashjr)
420a82f Bugfix: Describe dblogsize option correctly (it refers to the wallet database, not memory pool) (Luke Dashjr)
caa3d42 Bugfix: RPC: blockchain: Display correct defaults in help for verifychain method (Luke Dashjr)
* Introduce new constant MIN_CHANGE and use it instead of the
hardcoded "CENT"
* Add test case for MIN_CHANGE
* Introduce new constant for -mintxfee default:
DEFAULT_TRANSACTION_MINFEE = 1000
Assume that when a wallet transaction has a valid block hash and transaction position
in it, the transaction is actually there. We're already trusting wallet data in a
much more fundamental way anyway.
To prevent backward compatibility issues, a new record is used for storing the
block locator in the wallet. Old wallets will see a wallet file synchronized up
to the genesis block, and rescan automatically.
Complete rescan is incompatible with pruning, but rescan is optional on
our wallet key import RPCs. Import on use is very useful in some common
situations in conjunction with pruning, e.g. merchant payment tracking.
This reenables importprivkey/importaddress/importpubkey when rescan
is not used.
In the future we should consider changing the rescan argument to allow depth
or date to allow limited rescanning when compatible with the retained
block depth.
d042854 SQUASH "Implement watchonly support in fundrawtransaction" (Matt Corallo)
428a898 SQUASH "Add have-pubkey distinction to ISMINE flags" (Matt Corallo)
6bdb474 Implement watchonly support in fundrawtransaction (Matt Corallo)
f5813bd Add logic to track pubkeys as watch-only, not just scripts (Matt Corallo)
d3354c5 Add have-pubkey distinction to ISMINE flags (Matt Corallo)
5c17059 Update importaddress help to push its use to script-only (Matt Corallo)
a1d7df3 Add importpubkey method to import a watch-only pubkey (Matt Corallo)
907a425 Add p2sh option to importaddress to import redeemScripts (Matt Corallo)
983d2d9 Split up importaddress into helper functions (Matt Corallo)
cfc3dd3 Also remove pay-2-pubkey from watch when adding a priv key (Matt Corallo)
Previously various user-facing strings have used inconsistent currency units "BTC",
"btc" and "bitcoins". This adds a single constant and uses it for each reference to
the currency unit.
Also adds a description of the unit for --maxtxfee, and adds the missing "amount"
field description to the (deprecated) move RPC command.
a794284 locking: add a quick example of GUARDED_BY (Cory Fields)
2b890dd locking: fix a few small issues uncovered by -Wthread-safety (Cory Fields)
cd27bba locking: teach Clang's -Wthread-safety to cope with our scoped lock macros (Cory Fields)
This indicates that, eg, we have a public key for a key which may
be used as a pay-to-pubkey-hash. It generally means that we can
create a valid scriptSig except for missing private key(s) with
which to create signatures.
CTransAction::IsEquivalentTo was introduced in #5881.
This functionality is only useful to the wallet, and should never have
been added to the primitive transaction type.
Now that the off-by-one error w/nLockTime txs issue has been fixed by
87550eef (75a4d512 in the 0.11 branch) we can make the anti-fee-sniping
protection create transactions with nLockTime set such that they're only
valid in the next block, rather than an earlier block.
There was also a concern about poor propagation, however testing with
transactions with nLockTime = GetAdjustedTime()+1 as a proxy for
nLockTime propagation, as well as a few transactions sent the moment
blocks were received, has turned up no detectable issues with
propagation. If you have a block at a given height you certainly have at
least one peer with that block who will accept the transaction. That
peer will certainly have other peers who will accept it, and soon
essentially the whole network has the transaction. In particular, if a
node recives a transaction that it rejects due to the tx being
non-final, it will be accepted again later as it winds its way around
the network.
- fixes#3136
- the problem is related to Boost path and a static initialized internal
pointer
- using a std::string in CDBEnv::EnvShutdown() prevents the problem
- this removes the boost::filesystem::path path field from CDBEnv
- rpcwallet: No need to lock twice here
- openssl: Clang doesn't understand selective lock/unlock here. Ignore it.
- CNode: Fix a legitimate (though very unlikely) locking bug.
Chance "getbalance *" not to use IsTrusted. The method and result
now match the "getbalance <specific-account>" behavior. In
particular, "getbalance * 0" now works.
Also fixed a comment -- GetGalance has required 1 confirmation
for many years, and the default "getbalance *" behavior matches
that.
- Add an accept test for zero amounts, and a reject test for negative
amounts
- Remove ugly hack in `settxfee` that is no longer necessary
- Do explicit zero checks in wallet RPC functions
- Don't add a check for zero amounts in `createrawtransaction` - this
could be seen as a feature
- implement find_value() function for UniValue
- replace all Array/Value/Object types with UniValues, remove JSON Spirit to UniValue wrapper
- remove JSON Spirit sources
Previously due to an off-by-one error the wallet ignored
nLockTime-by-height transactions that would be valid in the next block
even though they are accepted into the mempool. The transactions
wouldn't show up until confirmed, nor would they be included in the
unconfirmed balance. Similar to the mempool behavior fix in 665bdd3b,
the wallet code was calling IsFinalTx() directly without taking into
account the fact that doing so tells you if the transaction could have
been mined in the *current* block, rather than the next block.
To fix this we strip IsFinalTx() of non-consensus-critical
functionality, removing the default arguments, and add CheckFinalTx() to
check if a transaction will be final in the next block.
a8cdaf5 checkpoints: move the checkpoints enable boolean into main (Cory Fields)
11982d3 checkpoints: Decouple checkpoints from Params (Cory Fields)
6996823 checkpoints: make checkpoints a member of CChainParams (Cory Fields)
9f13a10 checkpoints: store mapCheckpoints in CCheckpointData rather than a pointer (Cory Fields)
Compute the change directly as difference between the "requested" and
the actual value returned by SelectCoins. This removes a duplication of
the fee logic code.
It's reasonable that automatic coin selection will not pick a zero
value txout, but they're actually spendable; and you should know
if you have them. Listing also makes them available to tools like
dust-b-gone.
Define CTransaction::IsEquivalentTo(const CTransaction& tx)
True if only scriptSigs are different. In other words, true if
the two transactions are malleability clones. In other words,
true if the two transactions have the same effect on the
outside universe.
In the wallet, only SyncMetaData for equivalent transactions.
This is an advanced feature which will disable any kind of automatic
transaction broadcasting in the wallet. This gives the user full control
of how the transaction is sent.
For example they can broadcast new transactions through some other
mechanism themselves, after getting the transaction hex through `gettransaction`.
This just adds the option `-walletbroadcast=<0,1>`. Right now these
transactions will get the status
Status: conflicted, has not been successfully broadcast yet
They shouldn't be shown as conflicted at all (`walletconflicts` is empty). This status
will go away when the transaction is received through the network.
Adds a regression test for the wallet's ResendWalletTransactions function, which uses a new, hidden RPC command "resendwallettransactions."
I refactored main's Broadcast signal so it is passed the best-block time, which let me remove a global variable shared between main.cpp and the wallet (nTimeBestReceived).
I also manually tested the "rebroadcast unconfirmed every half hour or so" functionality by:
1. Running bitcoind -connect=0.0.0.0:8333
2. Creating a couple of send-to-self transactions
3. Connect to a peer using -addnode
4. Waited a while, monitoring debug.log, until I see:
```2015-03-23 18:48:10 ResendWalletTransactions: rebroadcast 2 unconfirmed transactions```
One last change: don't bother putting ResendWalletTransactions messages in debug.log unless unconfirmed transactions were actually rebroadcast.
During startup, when adding pending wallet transactions, which spend outputs of
other pending wallet transactions, back to the memory pool, and when they are
added out of order, it appears as if they are orphans with missing inputs.
Those transactions are then rejected and flagged as "conflicting" (= not in the
memory pool, not in the block chain).
To prevent this, transactions are explicitly sorted.
