115 lines
5.3 KiB
Markdown
115 lines
5.3 KiB
Markdown
# Functional tests
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### Writing Functional Tests
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#### Example test
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The [example_test.py](example_test.py) is a heavily commented example of a test case that uses both
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the RPC and P2P interfaces. If you are writing your first test, copy that file
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and modify to fit your needs.
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#### Coverage
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Running `test_runner.py` with the `--coverage` argument tracks which RPCs are
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called by the tests and prints a report of uncovered RPCs in the summary. This
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can be used (along with the `--extended` argument) to find out which RPCs we
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don't have test cases for.
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#### Style guidelines
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- Where possible, try to adhere to [PEP-8 guidelines](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008/)
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- Use a python linter like flake8 before submitting PRs to catch common style
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nits (eg trailing whitespace, unused imports, etc)
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- See [the python lint script](/test/lint/lint-python.sh) that checks for violations that
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could lead to bugs and issues in the test code.
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- Avoid wildcard imports where possible
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- Use a module-level docstring to describe what the test is testing, and how it
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is testing it.
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- When subclassing the BitcoinTestFramwork, place overrides for the
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`set_test_params()`, `add_options()` and `setup_xxxx()` methods at the top of
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the subclass, then locally-defined helper methods, then the `run_test()` method.
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- Use `'{}'.format(x)` for string formatting, not `'%s' % x`.
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#### Naming guidelines
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- Name the test `<area>_test.py`, where area can be one of the following:
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- `feature` for tests for full features that aren't wallet/mining/mempool, eg `feature_rbf.py`
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- `interface` for tests for other interfaces (REST, ZMQ, etc), eg `interface_rest.py`
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- `mempool` for tests for mempool behaviour, eg `mempool_reorg.py`
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- `mining` for tests for mining features, eg `mining_prioritisetransaction.py`
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- `p2p` for tests that explicitly test the p2p interface, eg `p2p_disconnect_ban.py`
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- `rpc` for tests for individual RPC methods or features, eg `rpc_listtransactions.py`
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- `wallet` for tests for wallet features, eg `wallet_keypool.py`
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- use an underscore to separate words
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- exception: for tests for specific RPCs or command line options which don't include underscores, name the test after the exact RPC or argument name, eg `rpc_decodescript.py`, not `rpc_decode_script.py`
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- Don't use the redundant word `test` in the name, eg `interface_zmq.py`, not `interface_zmq_test.py`
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#### General test-writing advice
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- Set `self.num_nodes` to the minimum number of nodes necessary for the test.
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Having additional unrequired nodes adds to the execution time of the test as
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well as memory/CPU/disk requirements (which is important when running tests in
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parallel or on Travis).
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- Avoid stop-starting the nodes multiple times during the test if possible. A
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stop-start takes several seconds, so doing it several times blows up the
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runtime of the test.
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- Set the `self.setup_clean_chain` variable in `set_test_params()` to control whether
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or not to use the cached data directories. The cached data directories
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contain a 200-block pre-mined blockchain and wallets for four nodes. Each node
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has 25 mature blocks (25x50=1250 BTC) in its wallet.
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- When calling RPCs with lots of arguments, consider using named keyword
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arguments instead of positional arguments to make the intent of the call
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clear to readers.
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#### RPC and P2P definitions
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Test writers may find it helpful to refer to the definitions for the RPC and
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P2P messages. These can be found in the following source files:
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- `/src/rpc/*` for RPCs
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- `/src/wallet/rpc*` for wallet RPCs
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- `ProcessMessage()` in `/src/net_processing.cpp` for parsing P2P messages
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#### Using the P2P interface
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- `mininode.py` contains all the definitions for objects that pass
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over the network (`CBlock`, `CTransaction`, etc, along with the network-level
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wrappers for them, `msg_block`, `msg_tx`, etc).
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- P2P tests have two threads. One thread handles all network communication
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with the bitcoind(s) being tested in a callback-based event loop; the other
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implements the test logic.
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- `P2PConnection` is the class used to connect to a bitcoind. `P2PInterface`
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contains the higher level logic for processing P2P payloads and connecting to
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the Bitcoin Core node application logic. For custom behaviour, subclass the
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P2PInterface object and override the callback methods.
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- Can be used to write tests where specific P2P protocol behavior is tested.
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Examples tests are `p2p_unrequested_blocks.py`, `p2p_compactblocks.py`.
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### test-framework modules
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#### [test_framework/authproxy.py](test_framework/authproxy.py)
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Taken from the [python-bitcoinrpc repository](https://github.com/jgarzik/python-bitcoinrpc).
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#### [test_framework/test_framework.py](test_framework/test_framework.py)
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Base class for functional tests.
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#### [test_framework/util.py](test_framework/util.py)
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Generally useful functions.
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#### [test_framework/mininode.py](test_framework/mininode.py)
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Basic code to support P2P connectivity to a bitcoind.
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#### [test_framework/script.py](test_framework/script.py)
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Utilities for manipulating transaction scripts (originally from python-bitcoinlib)
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#### [test_framework/key.py](test_framework/key.py)
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Wrapper around OpenSSL EC_Key (originally from python-bitcoinlib)
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#### [test_framework/bignum.py](test_framework/bignum.py)
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Helpers for script.py
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#### [test_framework/blocktools.py](test_framework/blocktools.py)
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Helper functions for creating blocks and transactions.
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