443 lines
18 KiB
Markdown
443 lines
18 KiB
Markdown
Gitian building
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================
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*Setup instructions for a gitian build of Bitcoin using a Debian VM or physical system.*
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Gitian is the deterministic build process that is used to build the Bitcoin
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Core executables [1]. It provides a way to be reasonably sure that the
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executables are really built from source on github. It also makes sure that
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the same, tested dependencies are used and statically built into the executable.
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Multiple developers build the source code by following a specific descriptor
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("recipe"), cryptographically sign the result, and upload the resulting signature.
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These results are compared and only if they match, the build is accepted and uploaded
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to bitcoin.org.
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More independent gitian builders are needed, which is why I wrote this
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guide. It is preferred to follow these steps yourself instead of using someone else's
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VM image to avoid 'contaminating' the build.
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[1] For all platforms except for MacOSX, at this point. Work for deterministic
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builds for Mac is under way here: https://github.com/theuni/osx-cross-depends .
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Table of Contents
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------------------
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- [Create a new VirtualBox VM](#create-a-new-virtualbox-vm)
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- [Connecting to the VM](#connecting-to-the-vm)
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- [Setting up Debian for gitian building](#setting-up-debian-for-gitian-building)
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- [Installing gitian](#installing-gitian)
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- [Setting up gitian images](#setting-up-gitian-images)
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- [Getting and building the inputs](#getting-and-building-the-inputs)
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- [Building Bitcoin](#building-bitcoin)
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- [Building an alternative repository](#building-an-alternative-repository)
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- [Signing externally](#signing-externally)
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- [Uploading signatures](#uploading-signatures)
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Create a new VirtualBox VM
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---------------------------
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The first step is to create a new Virtual Machine, which will be explained in
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this section. This VM will be used to do the Gitian builds. In this guide it
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will be explained how to set up the environment, and how to get the builds
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started.
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Debian Linux was chosen as the host distribution because it has a lightweight install (in
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contrast to Ubuntu) and is readily available. We here show the steps for
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VirtualBox [1], but any kind of virtualization can be used. You can also install
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on actual hardware instead of using a VM, in this case you can skip this section.
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In the VirtualBox GUI click "Create" and choose the following parameters in the wizard:
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- Type: Linux, Debian (64 bit)
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- Memory Size: at least 1024MB, anything lower will really slow the build down
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- Hard Drive: Create a virtual hard drive now
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- Hard Drive file type: Use the default, VDI (VirtualBox Disk Image)
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- Storage on Physical hard drive: Dynamically Allocated
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- Disk size: at least 40GB; as low as 20GB *may* be possible, but better to err on the safe side
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- Push the `Create` button
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Get the [Debian 7.4 net installer](http://cdimage.debian.org/debian-cd/7.4.0/amd64/iso-cd/debian-7.4.0-amd64-netinst.iso).
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This DVD image can be validated using a SHA256 hashing tool, for example on
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Unixy OSes by entering the following in a terminal:
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echo "b712a141bc60269db217d3b3e456179bd6b181645f90e4aac9c42ed63de492e9 /home/orion/Downloads/debian-7.4.0-amd64-netinst.iso" | sha256sum -c
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# (must return OK)
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After creating the VM, we need to configure it.
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- Click the `Settings` button, then go to the `Network` tab. Adapter 1 should be attacked to `NAT`.
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- Click `Advanced`, then `Port Forwarding`. We want to set up a port through where we can reach the VM to get files in and out.
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- Create a new rule by clicking the plus icon.
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- Set up the new rule the following way:
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- Name: `SSH`
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- Protocol: `TCP`
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- Leave Host IP empty
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- Host Port: `22222`
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- Leave Guest IP empty
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- Guest Port: `22`
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- Click `Ok` twice to save.
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Then start the VM. On the first launch you will be asked for a CD or DVD image. Choose the downloaded iso.
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[1] https://www.virtualbox.org/
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Installing Debian
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------------------
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In this section it will be explained how to install Debian on the newly created VM.
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- Choose the non-graphical installer. We do not need the graphical environment, it will only increase installation time and disk usage.
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**Note**: Navigation in the Debian installer: To keep a setting at the default
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and proceed, just press `Enter`. To select a different button, press `Tab`.
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- Choose locale and keyboard settings (doesn't matter, you can just go with the defaults or select your own information)
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- The VM will detect network settings using DHCP, this should all proceed automatically
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- Configure the network:
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- System name `debian`.
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- Leave domain name empty.
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- Choose a root password and enter it twice (and remember it for later)
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- Name the new user `debian` (the full name doesn't matter, you can leave it empty)
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- Choose a user password and enter it twice (and remember it for later)
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- The installer will set up the clock using a time server, this process should be automatic
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- Set up the clock: choose a time zone (depends on the locale settings that you picked earlier; specifics don't matter)
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- Disk setup
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- Partitioning method: Guided - Use the entire disk
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- Select disk to partition: SCSI1 (0,0,0)
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- Partitioning scheme: All files in one partition
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- Finish partitioning and write changes to disk -> *Yes* (`Tab`, `Enter` to select the `Yes` button)
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- The base system will be installed, this will take a minute or so
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- Choose a mirror (any will do)
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- Enter proxy information (unless you are on an intranet, you can leave this empty)
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- Wait a bit while 'Select and install software' runs
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- Participate in popularity contest -> *No*
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- Choose software to install. We need just the base system.
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- Make sure only 'SSH server' and 'Standard System Utilities' are checked
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- Uncheck 'Debian Desktop Environment' and 'Print Server'
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- Install the GRUB boot loader to the master boot record? -> Yes
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- Installation Complete -> *Continue*
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- After installation, the VM will reboot and you will have a working Debian VM. Congratulations!
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Connecting to the VM
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----------------------
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After the VM has booted you can connect to it using SSH, and files can be copied from and to the VM using a SFTP utility.
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Connect to `localhost`, port `22222` (or the port configured when installing the VM).
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On Windows you can use putty[1] and WinSCP[2].
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For example to connect as `root` from a Linux command prompt use
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$ ssh root@localhost -p 22222
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The authenticity of host '[localhost]:22222 ([127.0.0.1]:22222)' can't be established.
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ECDSA key fingerprint is 8e:71:f9:5b:62:46:de:44:01:da:fb:5f:34:b5:f2:18.
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Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
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Warning: Permanently added '[localhost]:22222' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
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root@localhost's password: (enter root password configured during install)
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Linux debian 3.2.0-4-amd64 #1 SMP Debian 3.2.54-2 x86_64
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root@debian:~#
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Replace `root` with `debian` to log in as user.
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[1] http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/download.html
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[2] http://winscp.net/eng/index.php
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Setting up Debian for gitian building
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--------------------------------------
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In this section we will be setting up the Debian installation for Gitian building.
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First we need to log in as `root` to set up dependencies and make sure that our
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user can use the sudo command. Type/paste the following in the terminal:
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```bash
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apt-get install git ruby sudo apt-cacher-ng qemu-utils debootstrap lxc python-cheetah parted kpartx bridge-utils
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adduser debian sudo
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```
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When you get a colorful screen with a question about the 'LXC directory', just
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go with the default (`/var/lib/lxc`).
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Then set up LXC and the rest with the following is a complex jumble of settings and workarounds:
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```bash
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# the version of lxc-start in Debian 7.4 needs to run as root, so make sure
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# that the build script can exectute it without providing a password
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echo "%sudo ALL=NOPASSWD: /usr/bin/lxc-start" > /etc/sudoers.d/gitian-lxc
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# add cgroup for LXC
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echo "cgroup /sys/fs/cgroup cgroup defaults 0 0" >> /etc/fstab
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# make /etc/rc.local script that sets up bridge between guest and host
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echo '#!/bin/sh -e' > /etc/rc.local
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echo 'brctl addbr br0' >> /etc/rc.local
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echo 'ifconfig br0 10.0.3.2/24 up' >> /etc/rc.local
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echo 'exit 0' >> /etc/rc.local
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# make sure that USE_LXC is always set when logging in as debian
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echo 'export USE_LXC=1' >> /home/debian/.profile
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reboot
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```
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At the end the VM is rebooted to make sure that the changes take effect.
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**Note**: If you're following this guide on a physical system instead of a VirtualBox VM you could use `10.0.2.2` instead
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of `10.0.3.2` in the above `ifconfig` line. This avoids having to patch gitian-builder in next section.
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Installing gitian
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------------------
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Re-login as the user `debian` that was created during installation.
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The rest of the steps in this guide will be performed as that user.
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There is no `python-vm-builder` package in Debian, so we need to install it from source ourselves,
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```bash
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wget http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/v/vm-builder/vm-builder_0.12.4+bzr489.orig.tar.gz
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echo "ec12e0070a007989561bfee5862c89a32c301992dd2771c4d5078ef1b3014f03 vm-builder_0.12.4+bzr489.orig.tar.gz" | sha256sum -c
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# (verification -- must return OK)
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tar -zxvf vm-builder_0.12.4+bzr489.orig.tar.gz
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cd vm-builder-0.12.4+bzr489
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sudo python setup.py install
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cd ..
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```
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**Note**: When sudo asks for a password, enter the password for the user *debian* not for *root*.
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Clone the git repositories for bitcoin and gitian,
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```bash
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git clone https://github.com/devrandom/gitian-builder.git
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git clone https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin
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```
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We need to change the guest IP range for the gitian builder because otherwise it will
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collide with VirtualBox its NAT IP range. Gitian does not have a way yet to configure
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this, so we need to patch the IPs using `sed`. This is not nice but it will
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have to do for now... (a [pull request
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(#52)](https://github.com/devrandom/gitian-builder/pull/52) to make this
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configurable without patching has been submitted):
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```bash
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sed -i 's/10.0.2.2/10.0.3.2/g' gitian-builder/target-bin/bootstrap-fixup
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sed -i 's/10.0.2.5/10.0.3.5/g' gitian-builder/etc/lxc.config.in
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```
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*note* After you update the gitian-builder repository, you may need to repeat these manual changes.
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Setting up gitian images
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-------------------------
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Gitian needs virtual images of the operating system to build in.
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Currently this is Ubuntu Precise for both x86 architectures.
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These images will be copied and used every time that a build is started to
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make sure that the build is deterministic.
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Creating the images will take a while, but only has to be done once.
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Execute the following as user `debian`:
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```bash
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cd gitian-builder
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bin/make-base-vm --lxc --arch i386 --suite precise
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bin/make-base-vm --lxc --arch amd64 --suite precise
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```
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There will be a lot of warnings printed during build of the images. These can be ignored.
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**Note**: When sudo asks for a password, enter the password for the user *debian* not for *root*.
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Getting and building the inputs
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--------------------------------
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In [doc/release-process.md](release-process.md) in the bitcoin repository under 'Fetch and build inputs'.
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you will find a list of `wget` commands that can be executed to get the dependencies.
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I needed to add `--no-check-certificate` to the OpenSSL wget line to make it work.
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Likely this is because the ca-certificates in Debian 7.4 is fairly old. This does not create a
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security issue as the gitian descriptors check integrity of the input archives and refuse to work
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if any one is corrupted.
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After downloading the archives, execute the `gbuild` commends to build the dependencies.
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This can take a long time, but only has to be done when the dependencies change, for example
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to upgrade the used version.
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**Note**: Do not forget to copy the result from `build/out` to `inputs` after every gbuild command! This will save
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you a lot of time.
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At any time you can check the package installation and build progress with
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```bash
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tail -f var/install.log
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tail -f var/build.log
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```
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To make sure that the output is exactly the same, and that the time, date, locale and
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even the ordering of files in the file system doesn't influence the result,
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some special precautions are taken. This means that the result is expected to
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be the same every time. The expected SHA256 hashes of the intermediate
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inputs (at the time of release 0.9.0) are:
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05fe8e9aef00d295f24a94deef7d3a918af5aeef371ba57fdd5a6acd8c51f6cb bitcoin-deps-linux32-gitian-r3.zip
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4227aa9d9fedbb4265b8d10a4f78b7435f34b00a54eb4d662bf78f59c6e70c27 bitcoin-deps-linux64-gitian-r3.zip
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f29b7d9577417333fb56e023c2977f5726a7c297f320b175a4108cf7cd4c2d29 boost-linux32-1.55.0-gitian-r1.zip
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88232451c4104f7eb16e469ac6474fd1231bd485687253f7b2bdf46c0781d535 boost-linux64-1.55.0-gitian-r1.zip
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60dc2d3b61e9c7d5dbe2f90d5955772ad748a47918ff2d8b74e8db9b1b91c909 boost-win32-1.55.0-gitian-r6.zip
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f65fcaf346bc7b73bc8db3a8614f4f6bee2f61fcbe495e9881133a7c2612a167 boost-win64-1.55.0-gitian-r6.zip
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0ba0855e1084132d05fd8687c19d8430b91f6c410a9ab7938e4fea650c2b22c8 bitcoin-deps-win32-gitian-r10.zip
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5f9ffba0c13ddefc1d339f66ab973ea64623c9cc1f9078cb2b145bce86bd28e2 bitcoin-deps-win64-gitian-r10.zip
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963e3e5e85879010a91143c90a711a5d1d5aba992e38672cdf7b54e42c56b2f1 qt-win32-5.2.0-gitian-r2.zip
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751c579830d173ef3e6f194e83d18b92ebef6df03289db13ab77a52b6bc86ef0 qt-win64-5.2.0-gitian-r2.zip
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e2e403e1a08869c7eed4d4293bce13d51ec6a63592918b90ae215a0eceb44cb4 protobuf-win32-2.5.0-gitian-r4.zip
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a0999037e8b0ef9ade13efd88fee261ba401f5ca910068b7e0cd3262ba667db0 protobuf-win64-2.5.0-gitian-r4.zip
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Building Bitcoin
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----------------
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To build Bitcoin (for Linux and/or Windows) just follow the steps under 'perform
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gitian builds' in [doc/release-process.md](release-process.md) in the bitcoin repository.
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Output from `gbuild` will look something like
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Initialized empty Git repository in /home/debian/gitian-builder/inputs/bitcoin/.git/
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remote: Reusing existing pack: 35606, done.
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remote: Total 35606 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
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Receiving objects: 100% (35606/35606), 26.52 MiB | 4.28 MiB/s, done.
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Resolving deltas: 100% (25724/25724), done.
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From https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin
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... (new tags, new branch etc)
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--- Building for precise i386 ---
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Stopping target if it is up
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Making a new image copy
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stdin: is not a tty
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Starting target
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Checking if target is up
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Preparing build environment
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Updating apt-get repository (log in var/install.log)
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Installing additional packages (log in var/install.log)
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Grabbing package manifest
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stdin: is not a tty
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Creating build script (var/build-script)
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lxc-start: Connection refused - inotify event with no name (mask 32768)
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Running build script (log in var/build.log)
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As when building the dependencies, the progress of package installation and building
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can be inspected in `var/install.log` and `var/build.log`.
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Building an alternative repository
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-----------------------------------
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If you want to do a test build of a pull on github it can be useful to point
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the gitian builder at an alternative repository, using the same descriptors
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and inputs.
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For example:
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```bash
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URL=https://github.com/laanwj/bitcoin.git
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COMMIT=2014_03_windows_unicode_path
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./bin/gbuild --commit bitcoin=${COMMIT} --url bitcoin=${URL} ../bitcoin/contrib/gitian-descriptors/gitian-linux.yml
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./bin/gbuild --commit bitcoin=${COMMIT} --url bitcoin=${URL} ../bitcoin/contrib/gitian-descriptors/gitian-win.yml
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```
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Signing externally
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-------------------
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If you want to do the PGP signing on another device that's possible too; just define `SIGNER` as mentioned
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and follow the steps in the build process as normally.
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gpg: skipped "laanwj": secret key not available
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When you execute `gsign` you will get an error from GPG, which can be ignored. Copy the resulting `.assert` files
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in `gitian.sigs` to your signing machine and do
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```bash
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gpg --detach-sign ${VERSION}/${SIGNER}/bitcoin-build.assert
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gpg --detach-sign ${VERSION}-win/${SIGNER}/bitcoin-build.assert
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```
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This will create the `.sig` files that can be committed together with the `.assert` files to assert your
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gitian build.
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Uploading signatures
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---------------------
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After building and signing you can push your signatures (both the `.assert` and
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`.assert.sig` files) to the
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[bitcoin/gitian.sigs](https://github.com/bitcoin/gitian.sigs/) repository, or
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if not possible create a pull request. You can also mail the files to me
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(laanwj@gmail.com) and I'll commit them.
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