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246 lines
8.6 KiB
Markdown
246 lines
8.6 KiB
Markdown
UNIX BUILD NOTES
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====================
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Some notes on how to build Bitcoin Core in Unix.
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(for OpenBSD specific instructions, see [build-openbsd.md](build-openbsd.md))
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Note
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---------------------
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Always use absolute paths to configure and compile bitcoin and the dependencies,
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for example, when specifying the the path of the dependency:
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../dist/configure --enable-cxx --disable-shared --with-pic --prefix=$BDB_PREFIX
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Here BDB_PREFIX must absolute path - it is defined using $(pwd) which ensures
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the usage of the absolute path.
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To Build
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---------------------
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```bash
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./autogen.sh
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./configure
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make
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make install # optional
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```
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This will build bitcoin-qt as well if the dependencies are met.
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Dependencies
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---------------------
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These dependencies are required:
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Library | Purpose | Description
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------------|------------------|----------------------
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libssl | Crypto | Random Number Generation, Elliptic Curve Cryptography
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libboost | Utility | Library for threading, data structures, etc
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libevent | Networking | OS independent asynchronous networking
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Optional dependencies:
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Library | Purpose | Description
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------------|------------------|----------------------
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miniupnpc | UPnP Support | Firewall-jumping support
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libdb4.8 | Berkeley DB | Wallet storage (only needed when wallet enabled)
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qt | GUI | GUI toolkit (only needed when GUI enabled)
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protobuf | Payments in GUI | Data interchange format used for payment protocol (only needed when GUI enabled)
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libqrencode | QR codes in GUI | Optional for generating QR codes (only needed when GUI enabled)
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libzmq3 | ZMQ notification | Optional, allows generating ZMQ notifications (requires ZMQ version >= 4.x)
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For the versions used in the release, see [release-process.md](release-process.md) under *Fetch and build inputs*.
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System requirements
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--------------------
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C++ compilers are memory-hungry. It is recommended to have at least 1 GB of
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memory available when compiling Bitcoin Core. With 512MB of memory or less
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compilation will take much longer due to swap thrashing.
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Dependency Build Instructions: Ubuntu & Debian
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----------------------------------------------
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Build requirements:
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sudo apt-get install build-essential libtool autotools-dev autoconf pkg-config libssl-dev libevent-dev
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On Ubuntu 15.10+ there are generic names for the individual boost development
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packages, so the following can be used to only install necessary parts of
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boost:
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apt-get install libboost-system-dev libboost-filesystem-dev libboost-chrono-dev libboost-program-options-dev libboost-test-dev libboost-thread-dev libboost-base-dev
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For Ubuntu before 15.10, or Debian 7 and later libboost-all-dev has to be installed:
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sudo apt-get install libboost-all-dev
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BerkeleyDB is required for the wallet. db4.8 packages are available [here](https://launchpad.net/~bitcoin/+archive/bitcoin).
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You can add the repository and install using the following commands:
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sudo add-apt-repository ppa:bitcoin/bitcoin
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sudo apt-get update
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sudo apt-get install libdb4.8-dev libdb4.8++-dev
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Ubuntu and Debian have their own libdb-dev and libdb++-dev packages, but these will install
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BerkeleyDB 5.1 or later, which break binary wallet compatibility with the distributed executables which
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are based on BerkeleyDB 4.8. If you do not care about wallet compatibility,
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pass `--with-incompatible-bdb` to configure.
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See the section "Disable-wallet mode" to build Bitcoin Core without wallet.
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Optional:
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sudo apt-get install libminiupnpc-dev (see --with-miniupnpc and --enable-upnp-default)
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ZMQ dependencies:
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sudo apt-get install libzmq3-dev (provides ZMQ API 4.x)
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Dependencies for the GUI: Ubuntu & Debian
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-----------------------------------------
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If you want to build Bitcoin-Qt, make sure that the required packages for Qt development
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are installed. Either Qt 5 or Qt 4 are necessary to build the GUI.
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If both Qt 4 and Qt 5 are installed, Qt 5 will be used. Pass `--with-gui=qt4` to configure to choose Qt4.
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To build without GUI pass `--without-gui`.
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To build with Qt 5 (recommended) you need the following:
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sudo apt-get install libqt5gui5 libqt5core5a libqt5dbus5 qttools5-dev qttools5-dev-tools libprotobuf-dev protobuf-compiler
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Alternatively, to build with Qt 4 you need the following:
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sudo apt-get install libqt4-dev libprotobuf-dev protobuf-compiler
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libqrencode (optional) can be installed with:
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sudo apt-get install libqrencode-dev
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Once these are installed, they will be found by configure and a bitcoin-qt executable will be
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built by default.
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Notes
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-----
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The release is built with GCC and then "strip bitcoind" to strip the debug
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symbols, which reduces the executable size by about 90%.
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miniupnpc
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---------
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[miniupnpc](http://miniupnp.free.fr/) may be used for UPnP port mapping. It can be downloaded from [here](
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http://miniupnp.tuxfamily.org/files/). UPnP support is compiled in and
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turned off by default. See the configure options for upnp behavior desired:
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--without-miniupnpc No UPnP support miniupnp not required
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--disable-upnp-default (the default) UPnP support turned off by default at runtime
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--enable-upnp-default UPnP support turned on by default at runtime
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To build:
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tar -xzvf miniupnpc-1.6.tar.gz
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cd miniupnpc-1.6
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make
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sudo su
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make install
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Berkeley DB
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-----------
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It is recommended to use Berkeley DB 4.8. If you have to build it yourself:
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```bash
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BITCOIN_ROOT=$(pwd)
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# Pick some path to install BDB to, here we create a directory within the bitcoin directory
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BDB_PREFIX="${BITCOIN_ROOT}/db4"
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mkdir -p $BDB_PREFIX
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# Fetch the source and verify that it is not tampered with
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wget 'http://download.oracle.com/berkeley-db/db-4.8.30.NC.tar.gz'
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echo '12edc0df75bf9abd7f82f821795bcee50f42cb2e5f76a6a281b85732798364ef db-4.8.30.NC.tar.gz' | sha256sum -c
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# -> db-4.8.30.NC.tar.gz: OK
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tar -xzvf db-4.8.30.NC.tar.gz
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# Build the library and install to our prefix
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cd db-4.8.30.NC/build_unix/
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# Note: Do a static build so that it can be embedded into the executable, instead of having to find a .so at runtime
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../dist/configure --enable-cxx --disable-shared --with-pic --prefix=$BDB_PREFIX
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make install
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# Configure Bitcoin Core to use our own-built instance of BDB
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cd $BITCOIN_ROOT
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./autogen.sh
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./configure LDFLAGS="-L${BDB_PREFIX}/lib/" CPPFLAGS="-I${BDB_PREFIX}/include/" # (other args...)
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```
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**Note**: You only need Berkeley DB if the wallet is enabled (see the section *Disable-Wallet mode* below).
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Boost
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-----
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If you need to build Boost yourself:
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sudo su
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./bootstrap.sh
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./bjam install
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Security
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--------
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To help make your bitcoin installation more secure by making certain attacks impossible to
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exploit even if a vulnerability is found, binaries are hardened by default.
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This can be disabled with:
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Hardening Flags:
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./configure --enable-hardening
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./configure --disable-hardening
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Hardening enables the following features:
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* Position Independent Executable
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Build position independent code to take advantage of Address Space Layout Randomization
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offered by some kernels. Attackers who can cause execution of code at an arbitrary memory
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location are thwarted if they don't know where anything useful is located.
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The stack and heap are randomly located by default but this allows the code section to be
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randomly located as well.
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On an AMD64 processor where a library was not compiled with -fPIC, this will cause an error
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such as: "relocation R_X86_64_32 against `......' can not be used when making a shared object;"
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To test that you have built PIE executable, install scanelf, part of paxutils, and use:
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scanelf -e ./bitcoin
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The output should contain:
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TYPE
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ET_DYN
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* Non-executable Stack
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If the stack is executable then trivial stack based buffer overflow exploits are possible if
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vulnerable buffers are found. By default, bitcoin should be built with a non-executable stack
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but if one of the libraries it uses asks for an executable stack or someone makes a mistake
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and uses a compiler extension which requires an executable stack, it will silently build an
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executable without the non-executable stack protection.
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To verify that the stack is non-executable after compiling use:
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`scanelf -e ./bitcoin`
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the output should contain:
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STK/REL/PTL
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RW- R-- RW-
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The STK RW- means that the stack is readable and writeable but not executable.
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Disable-wallet mode
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--------------------
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When the intention is to run only a P2P node without a wallet, bitcoin may be compiled in
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disable-wallet mode with:
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./configure --disable-wallet
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In this case there is no dependency on Berkeley DB 4.8.
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Mining is also possible in disable-wallet mode, but only using the `getblocktemplate` RPC
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call not `getwork`.
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