Squashed 'src/secp256k1/' changes from bccaf86..50cc6ab

50cc6ab Merge pull request #178 941e221 Add tests for handling of the nonce function in signing. 10c81ff Merge pull request #177 7688e34 Add magnitude limits to secp256k1_fe_verify to ensure that it's own tests function correctly. 4ee4f7a Merge pull request #176 70ae0d2 Use secp256k1_fe_equal_var in secp256k1_fe_sqrt_var. 7767b4d Merge pull request #175 9ab9335 Add a reference consistency test to ge_tests. 60571c6 Rework group tests d26e26f Avoid constructing an invalid signature with probability 1:2^256. b450c34 Merge pull request #163 d57cae9 Merge pull request #154 49ee0db Add _normalizes_to_zero_var variant eed599d Add _fe_normalizes_to_zero method d7174ed Weak normalization for secp256k1_fe_equal 0295f0a weak normalization bbd5ba7 Use rfc6979 as default nonce generation function b37fbc2 Implement SHA256 / HMAC-SHA256 / RFC6979. c6e7f4e [API BREAK] Use a nonce-generation function instead of a nonce cf0c48b Merge pull request #169 603c33b Make signing fail if a too small buffer is passed. 6d16606 Merge pull request #168 7277fd7 Remove GMP field implementation e99c4c4 Merge pull request #123 13278f6 Add explanation about how inversion can be avoided ce7eb6f Optimize verification: avoid field inverse a098f78 Merge pull request #160 38acd01 Merge pull request #165 6a59012 Make git ignore bench_recover when configured with benchmark enabled 1ba4a60 Configure options reorganization 3c0f246 Merge pull request #157 808dd9b Merge pull request #156 8dc75e9 Merge pull request #158 28ade27 build: nuke bashisms 5190079 build: use subdir-objects for automake 8336040 build: disable benchmark by default git-subtree-dir: src/secp256k1 git-subtree-split: 50cc6ab0625efda6dddf1dc86c1e2671f069b0d8
2015-01-06 00:28:47 +01:00 · 2015-01-06 00:28:47 +01:00 · 7873633b57
commit 7873633b57
parent ecae2acb06
23 changed files with 1167 additions and 524 deletions
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 bench_inv
 bench_sign
 bench_verify
+bench_recover
 tests
 *.exe
 *.so
--- a/.travis.yml
+++ b/.travis.yml
@ -4,24 +4,22 @@ compiler:
  - gcc
 install:
  - sudo apt-get install -qq libssl-dev
-  - if [ "$BIGNUM" = "gmp" -o "$BIGNUM" = "auto" -o "$FIELD" = "gmp" ]; then sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends --no-upgrade -qq libgmp-dev; fi
+  - if [ "$BIGNUM" = "gmp" -o "$BIGNUM" = "auto" ]; then sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends --no-upgrade -qq libgmp-dev; fi
  - if [ -n "$EXTRAPACKAGES" ]; then sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends --no-upgrade $EXTRAPACKAGES; fi
 env:
  global:
-    - FIELD=auto  BIGNUM=auto  SCALAR=auto  ENDOMORPHISM=no  BUILD=check  EXTRAFLAGS= HOST= EXTRAPACKAGES=
+    - FIELD=auto  BIGNUM=auto  SCALAR=auto  ENDOMORPHISM=no  ASM=no  BUILD=check  EXTRAFLAGS= HOST= EXTRAPACKAGES=
  matrix:
    - SCALAR=32bit
    - SCALAR=64bit
-    - FIELD=gmp
-    - FIELD=gmp       ENDOMORPHISM=yes
-    - FIELD=64bit_asm
-    - FIELD=64bit_asm ENDOMORPHISM=yes
    - FIELD=64bit
    - FIELD=64bit     ENDOMORPHISM=yes
+    - FIELD=64bit                       ASM=x86_64
+    - FIELD=64bit     ENDOMORPHISM=yes  ASM=x86_64
    - FIELD=32bit
    - FIELD=32bit     ENDOMORPHISM=yes
-    - BIGNUM=none
-    - BIGNUM=none     ENDOMORPHISM=yes
+    - BIGNUM=no
+    - BIGNUM=no       ENDOMORPHISM=yes
    - BUILD=distcheck
    - EXTRAFLAGS=CFLAGS=-DDETERMINISTIC
    - HOST=i686-linux-gnu EXTRAPACKAGES="gcc-multilib"
--- a/Makefile.am
+++ b/Makefile.am
@ -33,8 +33,8 @@ noinst_HEADERS += src/java/org_bitcoin_NativeSecp256k1.h
 noinst_HEADERS += src/util.h
 noinst_HEADERS += src/testrand.h
 noinst_HEADERS += src/testrand_impl.h
-noinst_HEADERS += src/field_gmp.h
-noinst_HEADERS += src/field_gmp_impl.h
+noinst_HEADERS += src/hash.h
+noinst_HEADERS += src/hash_impl.h
 noinst_HEADERS += src/field.h
 noinst_HEADERS += src/field_impl.h
 noinst_HEADERS += src/bench.h
--- a/build-aux/m4/bitcoin_secp.m4
+++ b/build-aux/m4/bitcoin_secp.m4
@ -1,12 +1,6 @@
 dnl libsecp25k1 helper checks
 AC_DEFUN([SECP_INT128_CHECK],[
 has_int128=$ac_cv_type___int128
-if test x"$has_int128" != x"yes" && test x"$set_field" = x"64bit"; then
-  AC_MSG_ERROR([$set_field field support explicitly requested but is not compatible with this host])
-fi
-if test x"$has_int128" != x"yes" && test x"$set_scalar" = x"64bit"; then
-  AC_MSG_ERROR([$set_scalar scalar support explicitly requested but is not compatible with this host])
-fi
 ])

 dnl 
@ -18,11 +12,6 @@ AC_COMPILE_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[
  __asm__ __volatile__("movq $0x100000000,%1; mulq %%rsi" : "+a"(a) : "S"(tmp) : "cc", "%rdx");
  ]])],[has_64bit_asm=yes],[has_64bit_asm=no])
 AC_MSG_RESULT([$has_64bit_asm])
-if test x"$set_field" == x"64bit_asm"; then
-  if test x"$has_64bit_asm" == x"no"; then
-    AC_MSG_ERROR([$set_field field support explicitly requested but no x86_64 assembly available])
-  fi
-fi
 ])

 dnl
@ -43,7 +32,7 @@ else
 )])
  LIBS=
 fi
-if test x"$has_libcrypto" == x"yes" && test x"$has_openssl_ec" = x; then
+if test x"$has_libcrypto" = x"yes" && test x"$has_openssl_ec" = x; then
  AC_MSG_CHECKING(for EC functions in libcrypto)
  AC_COMPILE_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[
    #include <openssl/ec.h>
@ -69,11 +58,4 @@ if test x"$has_gmp" != x"yes"; then
  CPPFLAGS="$CPPFLAGS_TEMP"
  LIBS="$LIBS_TEMP"
 fi
-if test x"$set_field" = x"gmp" && test x"$has_gmp" != x"yes"; then
-    AC_MSG_ERROR([$set_field field support explicitly requested but libgmp was not found])
-fi
-if test x"$set_bignum" = x"gmp" && test x"$has_gmp" != x"yes"; then
-    AC_MSG_ERROR([$set_bignum field support explicitly requested but libgmp was not found])
-fi
 ])
-
--- a/configure.ac
+++ b/configure.ac
@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ AC_CANONICAL_HOST
 AH_TOP([#ifndef LIBSECP256K1_CONFIG_H])
 AH_TOP([#define LIBSECP256K1_CONFIG_H])
 AH_BOTTOM([#endif //LIBSECP256K1_CONFIG_H])
-AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE([foreign])
+AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE([foreign subdir-objects])
 LT_INIT

 dnl make the compilation flags quiet unless V=1 is used
@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ if test "x$CFLAGS" = "x"; then
 fi

 AC_PROG_CC_C99
-if test x"$ac_cv_prog_cc_c99" == x"no"; then
+if test x"$ac_cv_prog_cc_c99" = x"no"; then
  AC_MSG_ERROR([c99 compiler support required])
 fi

@ -82,9 +82,9 @@ AC_COMPILE_IFELSE([AC_LANG_SOURCE([[char foo;]])],


 AC_ARG_ENABLE(benchmark,
-    AS_HELP_STRING([--enable-benchmark],[compile benchmark (default is yes)]),
+    AS_HELP_STRING([--enable-benchmark],[compile benchmark (default is no)]),
    [use_benchmark=$enableval],
-    [use_benchmark=yes])
+    [use_benchmark=no])

 AC_ARG_ENABLE(tests,
    AS_HELP_STRING([--enable-tests],[compile tests (default is yes)]),
@ -96,15 +96,18 @@ AC_ARG_ENABLE(endomorphism,
    [use_endomorphism=$enableval],
    [use_endomorphism=no])

-AC_ARG_WITH([field], [AS_HELP_STRING([--with-field=gmp|64bit|64bit_asm|32bit|auto],
+AC_ARG_WITH([field], [AS_HELP_STRING([--with-field=64bit|32bit|auto],
 [Specify Field Implementation. Default is auto])],[req_field=$withval], [req_field=auto])

-AC_ARG_WITH([bignum], [AS_HELP_STRING([--with-bignum=gmp|none|auto],
+AC_ARG_WITH([bignum], [AS_HELP_STRING([--with-bignum=gmp|no|auto],
 [Specify Bignum Implementation. Default is auto])],[req_bignum=$withval], [req_bignum=auto])

 AC_ARG_WITH([scalar], [AS_HELP_STRING([--with-scalar=64bit|32bit|auto],
 [Specify scalar implementation. Default is auto])],[req_scalar=$withval], [req_scalar=auto])

+AC_ARG_WITH([asm], [AS_HELP_STRING([--with-asm=x86_64|no|auto]
+[Specify assembly optimizations to use. Default is auto])],[req_asm=$withval], [req_asm=auto])
+
 AC_CHECK_TYPES([__int128])

 AC_MSG_CHECKING([for __builtin_expect])
@ -113,40 +116,54 @@ AC_COMPILE_IFELSE([AC_LANG_SOURCE([[void myfunc() {__builtin_expect(0,0);}]])],
    [ AC_MSG_RESULT([no])
    ])

-if test x"$req_field" = x"auto"; then
+if test x"$req_asm" = x"auto"; then
  SECP_64BIT_ASM_CHECK
  if test x"$has_64bit_asm" = x"yes"; then
-    set_field=64bit_asm
+    set_asm=x86_64
+  fi
+  if test x"$set_asm" = x; then
+    set_asm=no
+  fi
+else
+  set_asm=$req_asm
+  case $set_asm in
+  x86_64)
+    SECP_64BIT_ASM_CHECK
+    if test x"$has_64bit_asm" != x"yes"; then
+      AC_MSG_ERROR([x86_64 assembly optimization requested but not available])
+    fi
+    ;;
+  no)
+    ;;
+  *)
+    AC_MSG_ERROR([invalid assembly optimization selection])
+    ;;
+  esac
 fi

+if test x"$req_field" = x"auto"; then
+  if test x"set_asm" = x"x86_64"; then
+    set_field=64bit
+  fi
  if test x"$set_field" = x; then
    SECP_INT128_CHECK
    if test x"$has_int128" = x"yes"; then
      set_field=64bit
    fi
  fi
-
-  if test x"$set_field" = x; then
-    SECP_GMP_CHECK
-    if test x"$has_gmp" = x"yes"; then
-      set_field=gmp
-    fi
-  fi
-
  if test x"$set_field" = x; then
    set_field=32bit
  fi
 else
  set_field=$req_field
  case $set_field in
-  64bit_asm)
-    SECP_64BIT_ASM_CHECK
-    ;;
  64bit)
+    if test x"$set_asm" != x"x86_64"; then
      SECP_INT128_CHECK
-    ;;
-  gmp)
-    SECP_GMP_CHECK
+      if test x"$has_int128" != x"yes"; then
+        AC_MSG_ERROR([64bit field explicitly requested but neither __int128 support or x86_64 assembly available])
+      fi
+    fi
    ;;
  32bit)
    ;;
@ -157,12 +174,10 @@ else
 fi

 if test x"$req_scalar" = x"auto"; then
-  if test x"$set_scalar" = x; then
  SECP_INT128_CHECK
  if test x"$has_int128" = x"yes"; then
    set_scalar=64bit
  fi
-  fi
  if test x"$set_scalar" = x; then
    set_scalar=32bit
  fi
@ -171,6 +186,9 @@ else
  case $set_scalar in
  64bit)
    SECP_INT128_CHECK
+    if test x"$has_int128" != x"yes"; then
+      AC_MSG_ERROR([64bit scalar explicitly requested but __int128 support not available])
+    fi
    ;;
  32bit)
    ;;
@ -187,15 +205,18 @@ if test x"$req_bignum" = x"auto"; then
  fi

  if test x"$set_bignum" = x; then
-    set_bignum=none
+    set_bignum=no
  fi
 else
  set_bignum=$req_bignum
  case $set_bignum in
  gmp)
    SECP_GMP_CHECK
+    if test x"$has_gmp" != x"yes"; then
+      AC_MSG_ERROR([gmp bignum explicitly requested but libgmp not available])
+    fi
    ;;
-  none)
+  no)
    ;;
  *)
    AC_MSG_ERROR([invalid bignum implementation selection])
@ -203,20 +224,23 @@ else
  esac
 fi

+# select assembly optimization
+case $set_asm in
+x86_64)
+  AC_DEFINE(USE_ASM_X86_64, 1, [Define this symbol to enable x86_64 assembly optimizations])
+  ;;
+no)
+  ;;
+*)
+  AC_MSG_ERROR([invalid assembly optimizations])
+  ;;
+esac
+
 # select field implementation
 case $set_field in
-64bit_asm)
-  AC_DEFINE(USE_FIELD_5X52_ASM, 1, [Define this symbol to use the assembly version for the 5x52 field implementation])
-  AC_DEFINE(USE_FIELD_5X52, 1, [Define this symbol to use the FIELD_5X52 implementation])
-  ;;
 64bit)
-  AC_DEFINE(USE_FIELD_5X52_INT128, 1, [Define this symbol to use the __int128 version for the 5x52 field implementation])
  AC_DEFINE(USE_FIELD_5X52, 1, [Define this symbol to use the FIELD_5X52 implementation])
  ;;
-gmp)
-  AC_DEFINE(HAVE_LIBGMP,1,[Define this symbol if libgmp is installed])
-  AC_DEFINE(USE_FIELD_GMP, 1, [Define this symbol to use the FIELD_GMP implementation])
-  ;;
 32bit)
  AC_DEFINE(USE_FIELD_10X26, 1, [Define this symbol to use the FIELD_10X26 implementation])
  ;;
@ -233,7 +257,7 @@ gmp)
  AC_DEFINE(USE_FIELD_INV_NUM, 1, [Define this symbol to use the num-based field inverse implementation])
  AC_DEFINE(USE_SCALAR_INV_NUM, 1, [Define this symbol to use the num-based scalar inverse implementation])
  ;;
-none)
+no)
  AC_DEFINE(USE_NUM_NONE, 1, [Define this symbol to use no num implementation])
  AC_DEFINE(USE_FIELD_INV_BUILTIN, 1, [Define this symbol to use the native field inverse implementation])
  AC_DEFINE(USE_SCALAR_INV_BUILTIN, 1, [Define this symbol to use the native scalar inverse implementation])
@ -258,7 +282,7 @@ esac

 if test x"$use_tests" = x"yes"; then
  SECP_OPENSSL_CHECK
-  if test x"$has_openssl_ec" == x"yes"; then
+  if test x"$has_openssl_ec" = x"yes"; then
    AC_DEFINE(ENABLE_OPENSSL_TESTS, 1, [Define this symbol if OpenSSL EC functions are available])
    SECP_TEST_INCLUDES="$SSL_CFLAGS $CRYPTO_CFLAGS"
    SECP_TEST_LIBS="$CRYPTO_LIBS"
@ -272,7 +296,7 @@ if test x"$use_tests" = x"yes"; then
  fi
 fi

-if test x"$set_field" = x"gmp" || test x"$set_bignum" = x"gmp"; then
+if test x"$set_bignum" = x"gmp"; then
  SECP_LIBS="$SECP_LIBS $GMP_LIBS"
  SECP_INCLUDES="$SECP_INCLUDES $GMP_CPPFLAGS"
 fi
@ -281,9 +305,11 @@ if test x"$use_endomorphism" = x"yes"; then
  AC_DEFINE(USE_ENDOMORPHISM, 1, [Define this symbol to use endomorphism optimization])
 fi

+AC_MSG_NOTICE([Using assembly optimizations: $set_asm])
 AC_MSG_NOTICE([Using field implementation: $set_field])
 AC_MSG_NOTICE([Using bignum implementation: $set_bignum])
 AC_MSG_NOTICE([Using scalar implementation: $set_scalar])
+AC_MSG_NOTICE([Using endomorphism optimizations: $use_endomorphism])

 AC_CONFIG_HEADERS([src/libsecp256k1-config.h])
 AC_CONFIG_FILES([Makefile libsecp256k1.pc])
@ -291,9 +317,8 @@ AC_SUBST(SECP_INCLUDES)
 AC_SUBST(SECP_LIBS)
 AC_SUBST(SECP_TEST_LIBS)
 AC_SUBST(SECP_TEST_INCLUDES)
-AM_CONDITIONAL([USE_ASM], [test x"$set_field" == x"64bit_asm"])
 AM_CONDITIONAL([USE_TESTS], [test x"$use_tests" != x"no"])
-AM_CONDITIONAL([USE_BENCHMARK], [test x"$use_benchmark" != x"no"])
+AM_CONDITIONAL([USE_BENCHMARK], [test x"$use_benchmark" = x"yes"])

 dnl make sure nothing new is exported so that we don't break the cache
 PKGCONFIG_PATH_TEMP="$PKG_CONFIG_PATH"
--- a/include/secp256k1.h
+++ b/include/secp256k1.h
@ -77,42 +77,73 @@ SECP256K1_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT int secp256k1_ecdsa_verify(
  int pubkeylen
 ) SECP256K1_ARG_NONNULL(1) SECP256K1_ARG_NONNULL(2) SECP256K1_ARG_NONNULL(4);

+/** A pointer to a function to deterministically generate a nonce.
+ * Returns: 1 if a nonce was succesfully generated. 0 will cause signing to fail.
+ * In:      msg32:     the 32-byte message hash being verified (will not be NULL)
+ *          key32:     pointer to a 32-byte secret key (will not be NULL)
+ *          attempt:   how many iterations we have tried to find a nonce.
+ *                     This will almost always be 0, but different attempt values
+ *                     are required to result in a different nonce.
+ *          data:      Arbitrary data pointer that is passed through.
+ * Out:     nonce32:   pointer to a 32-byte array to be filled by the function.
+ * Except for test cases, this function should compute some cryptographic hash of
+ * the message, the key and the attempt.
+ */
+typedef int (*secp256k1_nonce_function_t)(
+  unsigned char *nonce32,
+  const unsigned char *msg32,
+  const unsigned char *key32,
+  unsigned int attempt,
+  const void *data
+);
+
+/** An implementation of RFC6979 (using HMAC-SHA256) as nonce generation function. */
+extern const secp256k1_nonce_function_t secp256k1_nonce_function_rfc6979;
+
+/** A default safe nonce generation function (currently equal to secp256k1_nonce_function_rfc6979). */
+extern const secp256k1_nonce_function_t secp256k1_nonce_function_default;
+
+
 /** Create an ECDSA signature.
 *  Returns: 1: signature created
- *           0: nonce invalid, try another one
+ *           0: the nonce generation function failed
 *  In:      msg32:  the 32-byte message hash being signed (cannot be NULL)
 *           seckey: pointer to a 32-byte secret key (cannot be NULL, assumed to be valid)
- *           nonce:  pointer to a 32-byte nonce (cannot be NULL, generated with a cryptographic PRNG)
+ *           noncefp:pointer to a nonce generation function. If NULL, secp256k1_nonce_function_default is used
+ *           ndata:  pointer to arbitrary data used by the nonce generation function (can be NULL)
 *  Out:     sig:    pointer to an array where the signature will be placed (cannot be NULL)
 *  In/Out:  siglen: pointer to an int with the length of sig, which will be updated
 *                   to contain the actual signature length (<=72).
 * Requires starting using SECP256K1_START_SIGN.
 */
-SECP256K1_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT int secp256k1_ecdsa_sign(
+int secp256k1_ecdsa_sign(
  const unsigned char *msg32,
  unsigned char *sig,
  int *siglen,
  const unsigned char *seckey,
-  const unsigned char *nonce
-) SECP256K1_ARG_NONNULL(1) SECP256K1_ARG_NONNULL(2) SECP256K1_ARG_NONNULL(3) SECP256K1_ARG_NONNULL(4) SECP256K1_ARG_NONNULL(5);
+  secp256k1_nonce_function_t noncefp,
+  const void *ndata
+) SECP256K1_ARG_NONNULL(1) SECP256K1_ARG_NONNULL(2) SECP256K1_ARG_NONNULL(3) SECP256K1_ARG_NONNULL(4);

 /** Create a compact ECDSA signature (64 byte + recovery id).
 *  Returns: 1: signature created
- *           0: nonce invalid, try another one
+ *           0: the nonce generation function failed
 *  In:      msg32:  the 32-byte message hash being signed (cannot be NULL)
 *           seckey: pointer to a 32-byte secret key (cannot be NULL, assumed to be valid)
- *           nonce:  pointer to a 32-byte nonce (cannot be NULL, generated with a cryptographic PRNG)
+ *           noncefp:pointer to a nonce generation function. If NULL, secp256k1_nonce_function_default is used
+ *           ndata:  pointer to arbitrary data used by the nonce generation function (can be NULL)
 *  Out:     sig:    pointer to a 64-byte array where the signature will be placed (cannot be NULL)
 *           recid:  pointer to an int, which will be updated to contain the recovery id (can be NULL)
 * Requires starting using SECP256K1_START_SIGN.
 */
-SECP256K1_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT int secp256k1_ecdsa_sign_compact(
+int secp256k1_ecdsa_sign_compact(
  const unsigned char *msg32,
  unsigned char *sig64,
  const unsigned char *seckey,
-  const unsigned char *nonce,
+  secp256k1_nonce_function_t noncefp,
+  const void *ndata,
  int *recid
-) SECP256K1_ARG_NONNULL(1) SECP256K1_ARG_NONNULL(2) SECP256K1_ARG_NONNULL(3) SECP256K1_ARG_NONNULL(4);
+) SECP256K1_ARG_NONNULL(1) SECP256K1_ARG_NONNULL(2) SECP256K1_ARG_NONNULL(3);

 /** Recover an ECDSA public key from a compact signature.
 *  Returns: 1: public key successfully recovered (which guarantees a correct signature).
--- a/src/bench_sign.c
+++ b/src/bench_sign.c
@ -10,7 +10,6 @@

 typedef struct {
    unsigned char msg[32];
-    unsigned char nonce[32];
    unsigned char key[32];
 } bench_sign_t;

@ -18,7 +17,6 @@ static void bench_sign_setup(void* arg) {
    bench_sign_t *data = (bench_sign_t*)arg;

    for (int i = 0; i < 32; i++) data->msg[i] = i + 1;
-    for (int i = 0; i < 32; i++) data->nonce[i] = i + 33;
    for (int i = 0; i < 32; i++) data->key[i] = i + 65;
 }

@ -28,9 +26,8 @@ static void bench_sign(void* arg) {
    unsigned char sig[64];
    for (int i=0; i<20000; i++) {
        int recid = 0;
-        CHECK(secp256k1_ecdsa_sign_compact(data->msg, sig, data->key, data->nonce, &recid));
+        CHECK(secp256k1_ecdsa_sign_compact(data->msg, sig, data->key, NULL, NULL, &recid));
        for (int j = 0; j < 32; j++) {
-            data->nonce[j] = data->key[j];     /* Move former key to nonce  */
            data->msg[j] = sig[j];             /* Move former R to message. */
            data->key[j] = sig[j + 32];        /* Move former S to key.     */
        }
--- a/src/bench_verify.c
+++ b/src/bench_verify.c
@ -14,7 +14,6 @@
 typedef struct {
    unsigned char msg[32];
    unsigned char key[32];
-    unsigned char nonce[32];
    unsigned char sig[72];
    int siglen;
    unsigned char pubkey[33];
@ -42,9 +41,8 @@ int main(void) {

    for (int i = 0; i < 32; i++) data.msg[i] = 1 + i;
    for (int i = 0; i < 32; i++) data.key[i] = 33 + i;
-    for (int i = 0; i < 32; i++) data.nonce[i] = 65 + i;
    data.siglen = 72;
-    CHECK(secp256k1_ecdsa_sign(data.msg, data.sig, &data.siglen, data.key, data.nonce));
+    secp256k1_ecdsa_sign(data.msg, data.sig, &data.siglen, data.key, NULL, NULL);
    data.pubkeylen = 33;
    CHECK(secp256k1_ec_pubkey_create(data.pubkey, &data.pubkeylen, data.key, 1));

--- a/src/ecdsa_impl.h
+++ b/src/ecdsa_impl.h
@ -109,25 +109,53 @@ static int secp256k1_ecdsa_sig_serialize(unsigned char *sig, int *size, const se
    return 1;
 }

-static int secp256k1_ecdsa_sig_recompute(secp256k1_scalar_t *r2, const secp256k1_ecdsa_sig_t *sig, const secp256k1_ge_t *pubkey, const secp256k1_scalar_t *message) {
+static int secp256k1_ecdsa_sig_verify(const secp256k1_ecdsa_sig_t *sig, const secp256k1_ge_t *pubkey, const secp256k1_scalar_t *message) {
    if (secp256k1_scalar_is_zero(&sig->r) || secp256k1_scalar_is_zero(&sig->s))
        return 0;

-    int ret = 0;
    secp256k1_scalar_t sn, u1, u2;
    secp256k1_scalar_inverse_var(&sn, &sig->s);
    secp256k1_scalar_mul(&u1, &sn, message);
    secp256k1_scalar_mul(&u2, &sn, &sig->r);
    secp256k1_gej_t pubkeyj; secp256k1_gej_set_ge(&pubkeyj, pubkey);
    secp256k1_gej_t pr; secp256k1_ecmult(&pr, &pubkeyj, &u2, &u1);
-    if (!secp256k1_gej_is_infinity(&pr)) {
-        secp256k1_fe_t xr; secp256k1_gej_get_x_var(&xr, &pr);
-        secp256k1_fe_normalize_var(&xr);
-        unsigned char xrb[32]; secp256k1_fe_get_b32(xrb, &xr);
-        secp256k1_scalar_set_b32(r2, xrb, NULL);
-        ret = 1;
+    if (secp256k1_gej_is_infinity(&pr)) {
+        return 0;
    }
-    return ret;
+    unsigned char c[32];
+    secp256k1_scalar_get_b32(c, &sig->r);
+    secp256k1_fe_t xr;
+    secp256k1_fe_set_b32(&xr, c);
+
+    // We now have the recomputed R point in pr, and its claimed x coordinate (modulo n)
+    // in xr. Naively, we would extract the x coordinate from pr (requiring a inversion modulo p),
+    // compute the remainder modulo n, and compare it to xr. However:
+    //
+    //       xr == X(pr) mod n
+    //   <=> exists h. (xr + h * n < p && xr + h * n == X(pr))
+    //   [Since 2 * n > p, h can only be 0 or 1]
+    //   <=> (xr == X(pr)) || (xr + n < p && xr + n == X(pr))
+    //   [In Jacobian coordinates, X(pr) is pr.x / pr.z^2 mod p]
+    //   <=> (xr == pr.x / pr.z^2 mod p) || (xr + n < p && xr + n == pr.x / pr.z^2 mod p)
+    //   [Multiplying both sides of the equations by pr.z^2 mod p]
+    //   <=> (xr * pr.z^2 mod p == pr.x) || (xr + n < p && (xr + n) * pr.z^2 mod p == pr.x)
+    //
+    // Thus, we can avoid the inversion, but we have to check both cases separately.
+    // secp256k1_gej_eq_x implements the (xr * pr.z^2 mod p == pr.x) test.
+    if (secp256k1_gej_eq_x_var(&xr, &pr)) {
+        // xr.x == xr * xr.z^2 mod p, so the signature is valid.
+        return 1;
+    }
+    if (secp256k1_fe_cmp_var(&xr, &secp256k1_ecdsa_consts->p_minus_order) >= 0) {
+        // xr + p >= n, so we can skip testing the second case.
+        return 0;
+    }
+    secp256k1_fe_add(&xr, &secp256k1_ecdsa_consts->order_as_fe);
+    if (secp256k1_gej_eq_x_var(&xr, &pr)) {
+        // (xr + n) * pr.z^2 mod p == pr.x, so the signature is valid.
+        return 1;
+    }
+    return 0;
 }

 static int secp256k1_ecdsa_sig_recover(const secp256k1_ecdsa_sig_t *sig, secp256k1_ge_t *pubkey, const secp256k1_scalar_t *message, int recid) {
@ -159,13 +187,6 @@ static int secp256k1_ecdsa_sig_recover(const secp256k1_ecdsa_sig_t *sig, secp256
    return !secp256k1_gej_is_infinity(&qj);
 }

-static int secp256k1_ecdsa_sig_verify(const secp256k1_ecdsa_sig_t *sig, const secp256k1_ge_t *pubkey, const secp256k1_scalar_t *message) {
-    secp256k1_scalar_t r2;
-    int ret = 0;
-    ret = secp256k1_ecdsa_sig_recompute(&r2, sig, pubkey, message) && secp256k1_scalar_eq(&sig->r, &r2);
-    return ret;
-}
-
 static int secp256k1_ecdsa_sig_sign(secp256k1_ecdsa_sig_t *sig, const secp256k1_scalar_t *seckey, const secp256k1_scalar_t *message, const secp256k1_scalar_t *nonce, int *recid) {
    secp256k1_gej_t rp;
    secp256k1_ecmult_gen(&rp, nonce);
@ -177,6 +198,12 @@ static int secp256k1_ecdsa_sig_sign(secp256k1_ecdsa_sig_t *sig, const secp256k1_
    secp256k1_fe_get_b32(b, &r.x);
    int overflow = 0;
    secp256k1_scalar_set_b32(&sig->r, b, &overflow);
+    if (secp256k1_scalar_is_zero(&sig->r)) {
+        /* P.x = order is on the curve, so technically sig->r could end up zero, which would be an invalid signature. */
+        secp256k1_gej_clear(&rp);
+        secp256k1_ge_clear(&r);
+        return 0;
+    }
    if (recid)
        *recid = (overflow ? 2 : 0) | (secp256k1_fe_is_odd(&r.y) ? 1 : 0);
    secp256k1_scalar_t n;
--- a/src/ecmult_gen_impl.h
+++ b/src/ecmult_gen_impl.h
@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ static void secp256k1_ecmult_gen_start(void) {
            secp256k1_gej_double_var(&numsbase, &numsbase);
            if (j == 62) {
                /* In the last iteration, numsbase is (1 - 2^j) * nums instead. */
-                secp256k1_gej_neg_var(&numsbase, &numsbase);
+                secp256k1_gej_neg(&numsbase, &numsbase);
                secp256k1_gej_add_var(&numsbase, &numsbase, &nums_gej);
            }
        }
--- a/src/ecmult_impl.h
+++ b/src/ecmult_impl.h
@ -70,8 +70,8 @@ static void secp256k1_ecmult_table_precomp_ge_var(secp256k1_ge_t *pre, const sec
        (neg)((r), &(pre)[(-(n)-1)/2]); \
 } while(0)

-#define ECMULT_TABLE_GET_GEJ(r,pre,n,w) ECMULT_TABLE_GET((r),(pre),(n),(w),secp256k1_gej_neg_var)
-#define ECMULT_TABLE_GET_GE(r,pre,n,w)  ECMULT_TABLE_GET((r),(pre),(n),(w),secp256k1_ge_neg_var)
+#define ECMULT_TABLE_GET_GEJ(r,pre,n,w) ECMULT_TABLE_GET((r),(pre),(n),(w),secp256k1_gej_neg)
+#define ECMULT_TABLE_GET_GE(r,pre,n,w)  ECMULT_TABLE_GET((r),(pre),(n),(w),secp256k1_ge_neg)

 typedef struct {
    /* For accelerating the computation of a*P + b*G: */
--- a/src/field.h
+++ b/src/field.h
@ -22,9 +22,7 @@
 #include "libsecp256k1-config.h"
 #endif

-#if defined(USE_FIELD_GMP)
-#include "field_gmp.h"
-#elif defined(USE_FIELD_10X26)
+#if defined(USE_FIELD_10X26)
 #include "field_10x26.h"
 #elif defined(USE_FIELD_5X52)
 #include "field_5x52.h"
@ -50,9 +48,20 @@ static void secp256k1_fe_stop(void);
 /** Normalize a field element. */
 static void secp256k1_fe_normalize(secp256k1_fe_t *r);

+/** Weakly normalize a field element: reduce it magnitude to 1, but don't fully normalize. */
+static void secp256k1_fe_normalize_weak(secp256k1_fe_t *r);
+
 /** Normalize a field element, without constant-time guarantee. */
 static void secp256k1_fe_normalize_var(secp256k1_fe_t *r);

+/** Verify whether a field element represents zero i.e. would normalize to a zero value. The field
+ *  implementation may optionally normalize the input, but this should not be relied upon. */
+static int secp256k1_fe_normalizes_to_zero(secp256k1_fe_t *r);
+
+/** Verify whether a field element represents zero i.e. would normalize to a zero value. The field
+ *  implementation may optionally normalize the input, but this should not be relied upon. */
+static int secp256k1_fe_normalizes_to_zero_var(secp256k1_fe_t *r);
+
 /** Set a field element equal to a small integer. Resulting field element is normalized. */
 static void secp256k1_fe_set_int(secp256k1_fe_t *r, int a);

@ -62,8 +71,8 @@ static int secp256k1_fe_is_zero(const secp256k1_fe_t *a);
 /** Check the "oddness" of a field element. Requires the input to be normalized. */
 static int secp256k1_fe_is_odd(const secp256k1_fe_t *a);

-/** Compare two field elements. Requires both inputs to be normalized */
-static int secp256k1_fe_equal(const secp256k1_fe_t *a, const secp256k1_fe_t *b);
+/** Compare two field elements. Requires magnitude-1 inputs. */
+static int secp256k1_fe_equal_var(const secp256k1_fe_t *a, const secp256k1_fe_t *b);

 /** Compare two field elements. Requires both inputs to be normalized */
 static int secp256k1_fe_cmp_var(const secp256k1_fe_t *a, const secp256k1_fe_t *b);
--- a/src/field_10x26_impl.h
+++ b/src/field_10x26_impl.h
@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ static void secp256k1_fe_verify(const secp256k1_fe_t *a) {
    r &= (d[8] <= 0x3FFFFFFUL * m);
    r &= (d[9] <= 0x03FFFFFUL * m);
    r &= (a->magnitude >= 0);
+    r &= (a->magnitude <= 32);
    if (a->normalized) {
        r &= (a->magnitude <= 1);
        if (r && (d[9] == 0x03FFFFFUL)) {
@ -103,6 +104,37 @@ static void secp256k1_fe_normalize(secp256k1_fe_t *r) {
 #endif
 }

+static void secp256k1_fe_normalize_weak(secp256k1_fe_t *r) {
+    uint32_t t0 = r->n[0], t1 = r->n[1], t2 = r->n[2], t3 = r->n[3], t4 = r->n[4],
+             t5 = r->n[5], t6 = r->n[6], t7 = r->n[7], t8 = r->n[8], t9 = r->n[9];
+
+    /* Reduce t9 at the start so there will be at most a single carry from the first pass */
+    uint32_t x = t9 >> 22; t9 &= 0x03FFFFFUL;
+
+    /* The first pass ensures the magnitude is 1, ... */
+    t0 += x * 0x3D1UL; t1 += (x << 6);
+    t1 += (t0 >> 26); t0 &= 0x3FFFFFFUL;
+    t2 += (t1 >> 26); t1 &= 0x3FFFFFFUL;
+    t3 += (t2 >> 26); t2 &= 0x3FFFFFFUL;
+    t4 += (t3 >> 26); t3 &= 0x3FFFFFFUL;
+    t5 += (t4 >> 26); t4 &= 0x3FFFFFFUL;
+    t6 += (t5 >> 26); t5 &= 0x3FFFFFFUL;
+    t7 += (t6 >> 26); t6 &= 0x3FFFFFFUL;
+    t8 += (t7 >> 26); t7 &= 0x3FFFFFFUL;
+    t9 += (t8 >> 26); t8 &= 0x3FFFFFFUL;
+
+    /* ... except for a possible carry at bit 22 of t9 (i.e. bit 256 of the field element) */
+    VERIFY_CHECK(t9 >> 23 == 0);
+
+    r->n[0] = t0; r->n[1] = t1; r->n[2] = t2; r->n[3] = t3; r->n[4] = t4;
+    r->n[5] = t5; r->n[6] = t6; r->n[7] = t7; r->n[8] = t8; r->n[9] = t9;
+
+#ifdef VERIFY
+    r->magnitude = 1;
+    secp256k1_fe_verify(r);
+#endif
+}
+
 static void secp256k1_fe_normalize_var(secp256k1_fe_t *r) {
    uint32_t t0 = r->n[0], t1 = r->n[1], t2 = r->n[2], t3 = r->n[3], t4 = r->n[4],
             t5 = r->n[5], t6 = r->n[6], t7 = r->n[7], t8 = r->n[8], t9 = r->n[9];
@ -159,6 +191,73 @@ static void secp256k1_fe_normalize_var(secp256k1_fe_t *r) {
 #endif
 }

+static int secp256k1_fe_normalizes_to_zero(secp256k1_fe_t *r) {
+    uint32_t t0 = r->n[0], t1 = r->n[1], t2 = r->n[2], t3 = r->n[3], t4 = r->n[4],
+             t5 = r->n[5], t6 = r->n[6], t7 = r->n[7], t8 = r->n[8], t9 = r->n[9];
+
+    /* Reduce t9 at the start so there will be at most a single carry from the first pass */
+    uint32_t x = t9 >> 22; t9 &= 0x03FFFFFUL;
+
+    /* z0 tracks a possible raw value of 0, z1 tracks a possible raw value of P */
+    uint32_t z0, z1;
+
+    /* The first pass ensures the magnitude is 1, ... */
+    t0 += x * 0x3D1UL; t1 += (x << 6);
+    t1 += (t0 >> 26); t0 &= 0x3FFFFFFUL; z0  = t0; z1  = t0 ^ 0x3D0UL;
+    t2 += (t1 >> 26); t1 &= 0x3FFFFFFUL; z0 |= t1; z1 &= t1 ^ 0x40UL;
+    t3 += (t2 >> 26); t2 &= 0x3FFFFFFUL; z0 |= t2; z1 &= t2;
+    t4 += (t3 >> 26); t3 &= 0x3FFFFFFUL; z0 |= t3; z1 &= t3;
+    t5 += (t4 >> 26); t4 &= 0x3FFFFFFUL; z0 |= t4; z1 &= t4;
+    t6 += (t5 >> 26); t5 &= 0x3FFFFFFUL; z0 |= t5; z1 &= t5;
+    t7 += (t6 >> 26); t6 &= 0x3FFFFFFUL; z0 |= t6; z1 &= t6;
+    t8 += (t7 >> 26); t7 &= 0x3FFFFFFUL; z0 |= t7; z1 &= t7;
+    t9 += (t8 >> 26); t8 &= 0x3FFFFFFUL; z0 |= t8; z1 &= t8;
+                                         z0 |= t9; z1 &= t9 ^ 0x3C00000UL;
+
+    /* ... except for a possible carry at bit 22 of t9 (i.e. bit 256 of the field element) */
+    VERIFY_CHECK(t9 >> 23 == 0);
+
+    return (z0 == 0) | (z1 == 0x3FFFFFFUL);
+}
+
+static int secp256k1_fe_normalizes_to_zero_var(secp256k1_fe_t *r) {
+    uint32_t t0 = r->n[0], t9 = r->n[9];
+
+    /* Reduce t9 at the start so there will be at most a single carry from the first pass */
+    uint32_t x = t9 >> 22;
+
+    /* The first pass ensures the magnitude is 1, ... */
+    t0 += x * 0x3D1UL;
+
+    /* z0 tracks a possible raw value of 0, z1 tracks a possible raw value of P */
+    uint32_t z0 = t0 & 0x3FFFFFFUL, z1 = z0 ^ 0x3D0UL;
+
+    /* Fast return path should catch the majority of cases */
+    if ((z0 != 0UL) & (z1 != 0x3FFFFFFUL))
+        return 0;
+
+    uint32_t t1 = r->n[1], t2 = r->n[2], t3 = r->n[3], t4 = r->n[4],
+             t5 = r->n[5], t6 = r->n[6], t7 = r->n[7], t8 = r->n[8];
+    t9 &= 0x03FFFFFUL;
+    t1 += (x << 6);
+
+    t1 += (t0 >> 26); t0  = z0;
+    t2 += (t1 >> 26); t1 &= 0x3FFFFFFUL; z0 |= t1; z1 &= t1 ^ 0x40UL;
+    t3 += (t2 >> 26); t2 &= 0x3FFFFFFUL; z0 |= t2; z1 &= t2;
+    t4 += (t3 >> 26); t3 &= 0x3FFFFFFUL; z0 |= t3; z1 &= t3;
+    t5 += (t4 >> 26); t4 &= 0x3FFFFFFUL; z0 |= t4; z1 &= t4;
+    t6 += (t5 >> 26); t5 &= 0x3FFFFFFUL; z0 |= t5; z1 &= t5;
+    t7 += (t6 >> 26); t6 &= 0x3FFFFFFUL; z0 |= t6; z1 &= t6;
+    t8 += (t7 >> 26); t7 &= 0x3FFFFFFUL; z0 |= t7; z1 &= t7;
+    t9 += (t8 >> 26); t8 &= 0x3FFFFFFUL; z0 |= t8; z1 &= t8;
+                                         z0 |= t9; z1 &= t9 ^ 0x3C00000UL;
+
+    /* ... except for a possible carry at bit 22 of t9 (i.e. bit 256 of the field element) */
+    VERIFY_CHECK(t9 >> 23 == 0);
+
+    return (z0 == 0) | (z1 == 0x3FFFFFFUL);
+}
+
 SECP256K1_INLINE static void secp256k1_fe_set_int(secp256k1_fe_t *r, int a) {
    r->n[0] = a;
    r->n[1] = r->n[2] = r->n[3] = r->n[4] = r->n[5] = r->n[6] = r->n[7] = r->n[8] = r->n[9] = 0;
@ -196,18 +295,6 @@ SECP256K1_INLINE static void secp256k1_fe_clear(secp256k1_fe_t *a) {
    }
 }

-SECP256K1_INLINE static int secp256k1_fe_equal(const secp256k1_fe_t *a, const secp256k1_fe_t *b) {
-#ifdef VERIFY
-    VERIFY_CHECK(a->normalized);
-    VERIFY_CHECK(b->normalized);
-    secp256k1_fe_verify(a);
-    secp256k1_fe_verify(b);
-#endif
-    const uint32_t *t = a->n, *u = b->n;
-    return ((t[0]^u[0]) | (t[1]^u[1]) | (t[2]^u[2]) | (t[3]^u[3]) | (t[4]^u[4])
-          | (t[5]^u[5]) | (t[6]^u[6]) | (t[7]^u[7]) | (t[8]^u[8]) | (t[9]^u[9])) == 0;
-}
-
 static int secp256k1_fe_cmp_var(const secp256k1_fe_t *a, const secp256k1_fe_t *b) {
 #ifdef VERIFY
    VERIFY_CHECK(a->normalized);
--- a/src/field_5x52_impl.h
+++ b/src/field_5x52_impl.h
@ -16,12 +16,10 @@
 #include "num.h"
 #include "field.h"

-#if defined(USE_FIELD_5X52_ASM)
+#if defined(USE_ASM_X86_64)
 #include "field_5x52_asm_impl.h"
-#elif defined(USE_FIELD_5X52_INT128)
-#include "field_5x52_int128_impl.h"
 #else
-#error "Please select field_5x52 implementation"
+#include "field_5x52_int128_impl.h"
 #endif

 /** Implements arithmetic modulo FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFE FFFFFC2F,
@ -45,6 +43,7 @@ static void secp256k1_fe_verify(const secp256k1_fe_t *a) {
    r &= (d[3] <= 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFULL * m);
    r &= (d[4] <= 0x0FFFFFFFFFFFFULL * m);
    r &= (a->magnitude >= 0);
+    r &= (a->magnitude <= 2048);
    if (a->normalized) {
        r &= (a->magnitude <= 1);
        if (r && (d[4] == 0x0FFFFFFFFFFFFULL) && ((d[3] & d[2] & d[1]) == 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFULL)) {
@ -102,6 +101,30 @@ static void secp256k1_fe_normalize(secp256k1_fe_t *r) {
 #endif
 }

+static void secp256k1_fe_normalize_weak(secp256k1_fe_t *r) {
+    uint64_t t0 = r->n[0], t1 = r->n[1], t2 = r->n[2], t3 = r->n[3], t4 = r->n[4];
+
+    /* Reduce t4 at the start so there will be at most a single carry from the first pass */
+    uint64_t x = t4 >> 48; t4 &= 0x0FFFFFFFFFFFFULL;
+
+    /* The first pass ensures the magnitude is 1, ... */
+    t0 += x * 0x1000003D1ULL;
+    t1 += (t0 >> 52); t0 &= 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFULL;
+    t2 += (t1 >> 52); t1 &= 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFULL;
+    t3 += (t2 >> 52); t2 &= 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFULL;
+    t4 += (t3 >> 52); t3 &= 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFULL;
+
+    /* ... except for a possible carry at bit 48 of t4 (i.e. bit 256 of the field element) */
+    VERIFY_CHECK(t4 >> 49 == 0);
+
+    r->n[0] = t0; r->n[1] = t1; r->n[2] = t2; r->n[3] = t3; r->n[4] = t4;
+
+#ifdef VERIFY
+    r->magnitude = 1;
+    secp256k1_fe_verify(r);
+#endif
+}
+
 static void secp256k1_fe_normalize_var(secp256k1_fe_t *r) {
    uint64_t t0 = r->n[0], t1 = r->n[1], t2 = r->n[2], t3 = r->n[3], t4 = r->n[4];

@ -146,6 +169,60 @@ static void secp256k1_fe_normalize_var(secp256k1_fe_t *r) {
 #endif
 }

+static int secp256k1_fe_normalizes_to_zero(secp256k1_fe_t *r) {
+    uint64_t t0 = r->n[0], t1 = r->n[1], t2 = r->n[2], t3 = r->n[3], t4 = r->n[4];
+
+    /* Reduce t4 at the start so there will be at most a single carry from the first pass */
+    uint64_t x = t4 >> 48; t4 &= 0x0FFFFFFFFFFFFULL;
+
+    /* z0 tracks a possible raw value of 0, z1 tracks a possible raw value of P */
+    uint64_t z0, z1;
+
+    /* The first pass ensures the magnitude is 1, ... */
+    t0 += x * 0x1000003D1ULL;
+    t1 += (t0 >> 52); t0 &= 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFULL; z0  = t0; z1  = t0 ^ 0x1000003D0ULL;
+    t2 += (t1 >> 52); t1 &= 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFULL; z0 |= t1; z1 &= t1;
+    t3 += (t2 >> 52); t2 &= 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFULL; z0 |= t2; z1 &= t2;
+    t4 += (t3 >> 52); t3 &= 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFULL; z0 |= t3; z1 &= t3;
+                                                z0 |= t4; z1 &= t4 ^ 0xF000000000000ULL;
+
+    /* ... except for a possible carry at bit 48 of t4 (i.e. bit 256 of the field element) */
+    VERIFY_CHECK(t4 >> 49 == 0);
+
+    return (z0 == 0) | (z1 == 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFULL);
+}
+
+static int secp256k1_fe_normalizes_to_zero_var(secp256k1_fe_t *r) {
+    uint64_t t0 = r->n[0], t4 = r->n[4];
+
+    /* Reduce t4 at the start so there will be at most a single carry from the first pass */
+    uint64_t x = t4 >> 48;
+
+    /* The first pass ensures the magnitude is 1, ... */
+    t0 += x * 0x1000003D1ULL;
+
+    /* z0 tracks a possible raw value of 0, z1 tracks a possible raw value of P */
+    uint64_t z0 = t0 & 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFULL, z1 = z0 ^ 0x1000003D0ULL;
+
+    /* Fast return path should catch the majority of cases */
+    if ((z0 != 0ULL) & (z1 != 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFULL))
+        return 0;
+
+    uint64_t t1 = r->n[1], t2 = r->n[2], t3 = r->n[3];
+    t4 &= 0x0FFFFFFFFFFFFULL;
+
+    t1 += (t0 >> 52); t0  = z0;
+    t2 += (t1 >> 52); t1 &= 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFULL; z0 |= t1; z1 &= t1;
+    t3 += (t2 >> 52); t2 &= 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFULL; z0 |= t2; z1 &= t2;
+    t4 += (t3 >> 52); t3 &= 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFULL; z0 |= t3; z1 &= t3;
+                                                z0 |= t4; z1 &= t4 ^ 0xF000000000000ULL;
+
+    /* ... except for a possible carry at bit 48 of t4 (i.e. bit 256 of the field element) */
+    VERIFY_CHECK(t4 >> 49 == 0);
+
+    return (z0 == 0) | (z1 == 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFULL);
+}
+
 SECP256K1_INLINE static void secp256k1_fe_set_int(secp256k1_fe_t *r, int a) {
    r->n[0] = a;
    r->n[1] = r->n[2] = r->n[3] = r->n[4] = 0;
@ -183,17 +260,6 @@ SECP256K1_INLINE static void secp256k1_fe_clear(secp256k1_fe_t *a) {
    }
 }

-SECP256K1_INLINE static int secp256k1_fe_equal(const secp256k1_fe_t *a, const secp256k1_fe_t *b) {
-#ifdef VERIFY
-    VERIFY_CHECK(a->normalized);
-    VERIFY_CHECK(b->normalized);
-    secp256k1_fe_verify(a);
-    secp256k1_fe_verify(b);
-#endif
-    const uint64_t *t = a->n, *u = b->n;
-    return ((t[0]^u[0]) | (t[1]^u[1]) | (t[2]^u[2]) | (t[3]^u[3]) | (t[4]^u[4])) == 0;
-}
-
 static int secp256k1_fe_cmp_var(const secp256k1_fe_t *a, const secp256k1_fe_t *b) {
 #ifdef VERIFY
    VERIFY_CHECK(a->normalized);
--- a/src/field_gmp.h
+++ b/src/field_gmp.h
@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-/**********************************************************************
- * Copyright (c) 2013, 2014 Pieter Wuille                             *
- * Distributed under the MIT software license, see the accompanying   *
- * file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.*
- **********************************************************************/
-
-#ifndef _SECP256K1_FIELD_REPR_
-#define _SECP256K1_FIELD_REPR_
-
-#include <gmp.h>
-
-#define FIELD_LIMBS ((256 + GMP_NUMB_BITS - 1) / GMP_NUMB_BITS)
-
-typedef struct {
-    mp_limb_t n[FIELD_LIMBS+1];
-} secp256k1_fe_t;
-
-#endif
--- a/src/field_gmp_impl.h
+++ b/src/field_gmp_impl.h
@ -1,184 +0,0 @@
-/**********************************************************************
- * Copyright (c) 2013, 2014 Pieter Wuille                             *
- * Distributed under the MIT software license, see the accompanying   *
- * file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.*
- **********************************************************************/
-
-#ifndef _SECP256K1_FIELD_REPR_IMPL_H_
-#define _SECP256K1_FIELD_REPR_IMPL_H_
-
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include "num.h"
-#include "field.h"
-
-static mp_limb_t secp256k1_field_p[FIELD_LIMBS];
-static mp_limb_t secp256k1_field_pc[(33+GMP_NUMB_BITS-1)/GMP_NUMB_BITS];
-
-static void secp256k1_fe_inner_start(void) {
-    for (int i=0; i<(33+GMP_NUMB_BITS-1)/GMP_NUMB_BITS; i++)
-        secp256k1_field_pc[i] = 0;
-    secp256k1_field_pc[0] += 0x3D1UL;
-    secp256k1_field_pc[32/GMP_NUMB_BITS] += (((mp_limb_t)1) << (32 % GMP_NUMB_BITS));
-    for (int i=0; i<FIELD_LIMBS; i++) {
-        secp256k1_field_p[i] = 0;
-    }
-    mpn_sub(secp256k1_field_p, secp256k1_field_p, FIELD_LIMBS, secp256k1_field_pc, (33+GMP_NUMB_BITS-1)/GMP_NUMB_BITS);
-}
-
-static void secp256k1_fe_inner_stop(void) {
-}
-
-static void secp256k1_fe_normalize(secp256k1_fe_t *r) {
-    if (r->n[FIELD_LIMBS] != 0) {
-#if (GMP_NUMB_BITS >= 40)
-        mp_limb_t carry = mpn_add_1(r->n, r->n, FIELD_LIMBS, 0x1000003D1ULL * r->n[FIELD_LIMBS]);
-        mpn_add_1(r->n, r->n, FIELD_LIMBS, 0x1000003D1ULL * carry);
-#else
-        mp_limb_t carry = mpn_add_1(r->n, r->n, FIELD_LIMBS, 0x3D1UL * r->n[FIELD_LIMBS]) +
-                          mpn_add_1(r->n+(32/GMP_NUMB_BITS), r->n+(32/GMP_NUMB_BITS), FIELD_LIMBS-(32/GMP_NUMB_BITS), r->n[FIELD_LIMBS] << (32 % GMP_NUMB_BITS));
-        mpn_add_1(r->n, r->n, FIELD_LIMBS, 0x3D1UL * carry);
-        mpn_add_1(r->n+(32/GMP_NUMB_BITS), r->n+(32/GMP_NUMB_BITS), FIELD_LIMBS-(32/GMP_NUMB_BITS), carry << (32%GMP_NUMB_BITS));
-#endif
-        r->n[FIELD_LIMBS] = 0;
-    }
-    if (mpn_cmp(r->n, secp256k1_field_p, FIELD_LIMBS) >= 0)
-        mpn_sub(r->n, r->n, FIELD_LIMBS, secp256k1_field_p, FIELD_LIMBS);
-}
-
-static void secp256k1_fe_normalize_var(secp256k1_fe_t *r) {
-    secp256k1_fe_normalize(r);
-}
-
-SECP256K1_INLINE static void secp256k1_fe_set_int(secp256k1_fe_t *r, int a) {
-    r->n[0] = a;
-    for (int i=1; i<FIELD_LIMBS+1; i++)
-        r->n[i] = 0;
-}
-
-SECP256K1_INLINE static void secp256k1_fe_clear(secp256k1_fe_t *r) {
-    for (int i=0; i<FIELD_LIMBS+1; i++)
-        r->n[i] = 0;
-}
-
-SECP256K1_INLINE static int secp256k1_fe_is_zero(const secp256k1_fe_t *a) {
-    int ret = 1;
-    for (int i=0; i<FIELD_LIMBS+1; i++)
-        ret &= (a->n[i] == 0);
-    return ret;
-}
-
-SECP256K1_INLINE static int secp256k1_fe_is_odd(const secp256k1_fe_t *a) {
-    return a->n[0] & 1;
-}
-
-SECP256K1_INLINE static int secp256k1_fe_equal(const secp256k1_fe_t *a, const secp256k1_fe_t *b) {
-    int ret = 1;
-    for (int i=0; i<FIELD_LIMBS+1; i++)
-        ret &= (a->n[i] == b->n[i]);
-    return ret;
-}
-
-SECP256K1_INLINE static int secp256k1_fe_cmp_var(const secp256k1_fe_t *a, const secp256k1_fe_t *b) {
-    for (int i=FIELD_LIMBS; i>=0; i--) {
-        if (a->n[i] > b->n[i]) return 1;
-        if (a->n[i] < b->n[i]) return -1;
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
-static int secp256k1_fe_set_b32(secp256k1_fe_t *r, const unsigned char *a) {
-    for (int i=0; i<FIELD_LIMBS+1; i++)
-        r->n[i] = 0;
-    for (int i=0; i<256; i++) {
-        int limb = i/GMP_NUMB_BITS;
-        int shift = i%GMP_NUMB_BITS;
-        r->n[limb] |= (mp_limb_t)((a[31-i/8] >> (i%8)) & 0x1) << shift;
-    }
-    return (mpn_cmp(r->n, secp256k1_field_p, FIELD_LIMBS) < 0);
-}
-
-/** Convert a field element to a 32-byte big endian value. Requires the input to be normalized */
-static void secp256k1_fe_get_b32(unsigned char *r, const secp256k1_fe_t *a) {
-    for (int i=0; i<32; i++) {
-        int c = 0;
-        for (int j=0; j<8; j++) {
-            int limb = (8*i+j)/GMP_NUMB_BITS;
-            int shift = (8*i+j)%GMP_NUMB_BITS;
-            c |= ((a->n[limb] >> shift) & 0x1) << j;
-        }
-        r[31-i] = c;
-    }
-}
-
-SECP256K1_INLINE static void secp256k1_fe_negate(secp256k1_fe_t *r, const secp256k1_fe_t *a, int m) {
-    (void)m;
-    *r = *a;
-    secp256k1_fe_normalize(r);
-    for (int i=0; i<FIELD_LIMBS; i++)
-        r->n[i] = ~(r->n[i]);
-#if (GMP_NUMB_BITS >= 33)
-    mpn_sub_1(r->n, r->n, FIELD_LIMBS, 0x1000003D0ULL);
-#else
-    mpn_sub_1(r->n, r->n, FIELD_LIMBS, 0x3D0UL);
-    mpn_sub_1(r->n+(32/GMP_NUMB_BITS), r->n+(32/GMP_NUMB_BITS), FIELD_LIMBS-(32/GMP_NUMB_BITS), 0x1UL << (32%GMP_NUMB_BITS));
-#endif
-}
-
-SECP256K1_INLINE static void secp256k1_fe_mul_int(secp256k1_fe_t *r, int a) {
-    mpn_mul_1(r->n, r->n, FIELD_LIMBS+1, a);
-}
-
-SECP256K1_INLINE static void secp256k1_fe_add(secp256k1_fe_t *r, const secp256k1_fe_t *a) {
-    mpn_add(r->n, r->n, FIELD_LIMBS+1, a->n, FIELD_LIMBS+1);
-}
-
-static void secp256k1_fe_reduce(secp256k1_fe_t *r, mp_limb_t *tmp) {
-    /** <A1 A2 A3 A4> <B1 B2 B3 B4>
-     *        B1 B2 B3 B4
-     *  + C * A1 A2 A3 A4
-     *  +  A1 A2 A3 A4
-     */
-
-#if (GMP_NUMB_BITS >= 33)
-    mp_limb_t o = mpn_addmul_1(tmp, tmp+FIELD_LIMBS, FIELD_LIMBS, 0x1000003D1ULL);
-#else
-    mp_limb_t o = mpn_addmul_1(tmp, tmp+FIELD_LIMBS, FIELD_LIMBS, 0x3D1UL) +
-                  mpn_addmul_1(tmp+(32/GMP_NUMB_BITS), tmp+FIELD_LIMBS, FIELD_LIMBS-(32/GMP_NUMB_BITS), 0x1UL << (32%GMP_NUMB_BITS));
-#endif
-    mp_limb_t q[1+(33+GMP_NUMB_BITS-1)/GMP_NUMB_BITS];
-    q[(33+GMP_NUMB_BITS-1)/GMP_NUMB_BITS] = mpn_mul_1(q, secp256k1_field_pc, (33+GMP_NUMB_BITS-1)/GMP_NUMB_BITS, o);
-#if (GMP_NUMB_BITS <= 32)
-    mp_limb_t o2 = tmp[2*FIELD_LIMBS-(32/GMP_NUMB_BITS)] << (32%GMP_NUMB_BITS);
-    q[(33+GMP_NUMB_BITS-1)/GMP_NUMB_BITS] += mpn_addmul_1(q, secp256k1_field_pc, (33+GMP_NUMB_BITS-1)/GMP_NUMB_BITS, o2);
-#endif
-    r->n[FIELD_LIMBS] = mpn_add(r->n, tmp, FIELD_LIMBS, q, 1+(33+GMP_NUMB_BITS-1)/GMP_NUMB_BITS);
-}
-
-static void secp256k1_fe_mul(secp256k1_fe_t *r, const secp256k1_fe_t *a, const secp256k1_fe_t * SECP256K1_RESTRICT b) {
-    VERIFY_CHECK(r != b);
-    secp256k1_fe_t ac = *a;
-    secp256k1_fe_t bc = *b;
-    secp256k1_fe_normalize(&ac);
-    secp256k1_fe_normalize(&bc);
-    mp_limb_t tmp[2*FIELD_LIMBS];
-    mpn_mul_n(tmp, ac.n, bc.n, FIELD_LIMBS);
-    secp256k1_fe_reduce(r, tmp);
-}
-
-static void secp256k1_fe_sqr(secp256k1_fe_t *r, const secp256k1_fe_t *a) {
-    secp256k1_fe_t ac = *a;
-    secp256k1_fe_normalize(&ac);
-    mp_limb_t tmp[2*FIELD_LIMBS];
-    mpn_sqr(tmp, ac.n, FIELD_LIMBS);
-    secp256k1_fe_reduce(r, tmp);
-}
-
-static void secp256k1_fe_cmov(secp256k1_fe_t *r, const secp256k1_fe_t *a, int flag) {
-    mp_limb_t mask0 = flag + ~((mp_limb_t)0), mask1 = ~mask0;
-    for (int i = 0; i <= FIELD_LIMBS; i++) {
-        r->n[i] = (r->n[i] & mask0) | (a->n[i] & mask1);
-    }
-}
-
-#endif
--- a/src/field_impl.h
+++ b/src/field_impl.h
@ -13,9 +13,7 @@

 #include "util.h"

-#if defined(USE_FIELD_GMP)
-#include "field_gmp_impl.h"
-#elif defined(USE_FIELD_10X26)
+#if defined(USE_FIELD_10X26)
 #include "field_10x26_impl.h"
 #elif defined(USE_FIELD_5X52)
 #include "field_5x52_impl.h"
@ -66,6 +64,13 @@ static int secp256k1_fe_set_hex(secp256k1_fe_t *r, const char *a, int alen) {
    return secp256k1_fe_set_b32(r, tmp);
 }

+SECP256K1_INLINE static int secp256k1_fe_equal_var(const secp256k1_fe_t *a, const secp256k1_fe_t *b) {
+    secp256k1_fe_t na;
+    secp256k1_fe_negate(&na, a, 1);
+    secp256k1_fe_add(&na, b);
+    return secp256k1_fe_normalizes_to_zero_var(&na);
+}
+
 static int secp256k1_fe_sqrt_var(secp256k1_fe_t *r, const secp256k1_fe_t *a) {

    /** The binary representation of (p + 1)/4 has 3 blocks of 1s, with lengths in
@ -130,10 +135,7 @@ static int secp256k1_fe_sqrt_var(secp256k1_fe_t *r, const secp256k1_fe_t *a) {
    /* Check that a square root was actually calculated */

    secp256k1_fe_sqr(&t1, r);
-    secp256k1_fe_negate(&t1, &t1, 1);
-    secp256k1_fe_add(&t1, a);
-    secp256k1_fe_normalize_var(&t1);
-    return secp256k1_fe_is_zero(&t1);
+    return secp256k1_fe_equal_var(&t1, a);
 }

 static void secp256k1_fe_inv(secp256k1_fe_t *r, const secp256k1_fe_t *a) {
--- a/src/group.h
+++ b/src/group.h
@ -60,7 +60,6 @@ static int secp256k1_ge_is_infinity(const secp256k1_ge_t *a);
 static int secp256k1_ge_is_valid_var(const secp256k1_ge_t *a);

 static void secp256k1_ge_neg(secp256k1_ge_t *r, const secp256k1_ge_t *a);
-static void secp256k1_ge_neg_var(secp256k1_ge_t *r, const secp256k1_ge_t *a);

 /** Get a hex representation of a point. *rlen will be overwritten with the real length. */
 static void secp256k1_ge_get_hex(char *r, int *rlen, const secp256k1_ge_t *a);
@ -81,11 +80,11 @@ static void secp256k1_gej_set_xy(secp256k1_gej_t *r, const secp256k1_fe_t *x, co
 /** Set a group element (jacobian) equal to another which is given in affine coordinates. */
 static void secp256k1_gej_set_ge(secp256k1_gej_t *r, const secp256k1_ge_t *a);

-/** Get the X coordinate of a group element (jacobian). */
-static void secp256k1_gej_get_x_var(secp256k1_fe_t *r, const secp256k1_gej_t *a);
+/** Compare the X coordinate of a group element (jacobian). */
+static int secp256k1_gej_eq_x_var(const secp256k1_fe_t *x, const secp256k1_gej_t *a);

 /** Set r equal to the inverse of a (i.e., mirrored around the X axis) */
-static void secp256k1_gej_neg_var(secp256k1_gej_t *r, const secp256k1_gej_t *a);
+static void secp256k1_gej_neg(secp256k1_gej_t *r, const secp256k1_gej_t *a);

 /** Check whether a group element is the point at infinity. */
 static int secp256k1_gej_is_infinity(const secp256k1_gej_t *a);
--- a/src/group_impl.h
+++ b/src/group_impl.h
@ -29,13 +29,7 @@ static int secp256k1_ge_is_infinity(const secp256k1_ge_t *a) {

 static void secp256k1_ge_neg(secp256k1_ge_t *r, const secp256k1_ge_t *a) {
    *r = *a;
-    secp256k1_fe_normalize(&r->y);
-    secp256k1_fe_negate(&r->y, &r->y, 1);
-}
-
-static void secp256k1_ge_neg_var(secp256k1_ge_t *r, const secp256k1_ge_t *a) {
-    *r = *a;
-    secp256k1_fe_normalize_var(&r->y);
+    secp256k1_fe_normalize_weak(&r->y);
    secp256k1_fe_negate(&r->y, &r->y, 1);
 }

@ -163,17 +157,19 @@ static void secp256k1_gej_set_ge(secp256k1_gej_t *r, const secp256k1_ge_t *a) {
   secp256k1_fe_set_int(&r->z, 1);
 }

-static void secp256k1_gej_get_x_var(secp256k1_fe_t *r, const secp256k1_gej_t *a) {
-    secp256k1_fe_t zi2; secp256k1_fe_inv_var(&zi2, &a->z); secp256k1_fe_sqr(&zi2, &zi2);
-    secp256k1_fe_mul(r, &a->x, &zi2);
+static int secp256k1_gej_eq_x_var(const secp256k1_fe_t *x, const secp256k1_gej_t *a) {
+    VERIFY_CHECK(!a->infinity);
+    secp256k1_fe_t r; secp256k1_fe_sqr(&r, &a->z); secp256k1_fe_mul(&r, &r, x);
+    secp256k1_fe_t r2 = a->x; secp256k1_fe_normalize_weak(&r2);
+    return secp256k1_fe_equal_var(&r, &r2);
 }

-static void secp256k1_gej_neg_var(secp256k1_gej_t *r, const secp256k1_gej_t *a) {
+static void secp256k1_gej_neg(secp256k1_gej_t *r, const secp256k1_gej_t *a) {
    r->infinity = a->infinity;
    r->x = a->x;
    r->y = a->y;
    r->z = a->z;
-    secp256k1_fe_normalize_var(&r->y);
+    secp256k1_fe_normalize_weak(&r->y);
    secp256k1_fe_negate(&r->y, &r->y, 1);
 }

@ -195,9 +191,8 @@ static int secp256k1_gej_is_valid_var(const secp256k1_gej_t *a) {
    secp256k1_fe_t z6; secp256k1_fe_sqr(&z6, &z2); secp256k1_fe_mul(&z6, &z6, &z2);
    secp256k1_fe_mul_int(&z6, 7);
    secp256k1_fe_add(&x3, &z6);
-    secp256k1_fe_normalize_var(&y2);
-    secp256k1_fe_normalize_var(&x3);
-    return secp256k1_fe_equal(&y2, &x3);
+    secp256k1_fe_normalize_weak(&x3);
+    return secp256k1_fe_equal_var(&y2, &x3);
 }

 static int secp256k1_ge_is_valid_var(const secp256k1_ge_t *a) {
@ -208,9 +203,8 @@ static int secp256k1_ge_is_valid_var(const secp256k1_ge_t *a) {
    secp256k1_fe_t x3; secp256k1_fe_sqr(&x3, &a->x); secp256k1_fe_mul(&x3, &x3, &a->x);
    secp256k1_fe_t c; secp256k1_fe_set_int(&c, 7);
    secp256k1_fe_add(&x3, &c);
-    secp256k1_fe_normalize_var(&y2);
-    secp256k1_fe_normalize_var(&x3);
-    return secp256k1_fe_equal(&y2, &x3);
+    secp256k1_fe_normalize_weak(&x3);
+    return secp256k1_fe_equal_var(&y2, &x3);
 }

 static void secp256k1_gej_double_var(secp256k1_gej_t *r, const secp256k1_gej_t *a) {
@ -261,20 +255,16 @@ static void secp256k1_gej_add_var(secp256k1_gej_t *r, const secp256k1_gej_t *a,
    secp256k1_fe_t u2; secp256k1_fe_mul(&u2, &b->x, &z12);
    secp256k1_fe_t s1; secp256k1_fe_mul(&s1, &a->y, &z22); secp256k1_fe_mul(&s1, &s1, &b->z);
    secp256k1_fe_t s2; secp256k1_fe_mul(&s2, &b->y, &z12); secp256k1_fe_mul(&s2, &s2, &a->z);
-    secp256k1_fe_normalize_var(&u1);
-    secp256k1_fe_normalize_var(&u2);
-    if (secp256k1_fe_equal(&u1, &u2)) {
-        secp256k1_fe_normalize_var(&s1);
-        secp256k1_fe_normalize_var(&s2);
-        if (secp256k1_fe_equal(&s1, &s2)) {
+    secp256k1_fe_t h; secp256k1_fe_negate(&h, &u1, 1); secp256k1_fe_add(&h, &u2);
+    secp256k1_fe_t i; secp256k1_fe_negate(&i, &s1, 1); secp256k1_fe_add(&i, &s2);
+    if (secp256k1_fe_normalizes_to_zero_var(&h)) {
+        if (secp256k1_fe_normalizes_to_zero_var(&i)) {
            secp256k1_gej_double_var(r, a);
        } else {
            r->infinity = 1;
        }
        return;
    }
-    secp256k1_fe_t h; secp256k1_fe_negate(&h, &u1, 1); secp256k1_fe_add(&h, &u2);
-    secp256k1_fe_t i; secp256k1_fe_negate(&i, &s1, 1); secp256k1_fe_add(&i, &s2);
    secp256k1_fe_t i2; secp256k1_fe_sqr(&i2, &i);
    secp256k1_fe_t h2; secp256k1_fe_sqr(&h2, &h);
    secp256k1_fe_t h3; secp256k1_fe_mul(&h3, &h, &h2);
@ -300,23 +290,20 @@ static void secp256k1_gej_add_ge_var(secp256k1_gej_t *r, const secp256k1_gej_t *
    }
    r->infinity = 0;
    secp256k1_fe_t z12; secp256k1_fe_sqr(&z12, &a->z);
-    secp256k1_fe_t u1 = a->x;
+    secp256k1_fe_t u1 = a->x; secp256k1_fe_normalize_weak(&u1);
    secp256k1_fe_t u2; secp256k1_fe_mul(&u2, &b->x, &z12);
-    secp256k1_fe_t s1 = a->y; secp256k1_fe_normalize_var(&s1);
+    secp256k1_fe_t s1 = a->y; secp256k1_fe_normalize_weak(&s1);
    secp256k1_fe_t s2; secp256k1_fe_mul(&s2, &b->y, &z12); secp256k1_fe_mul(&s2, &s2, &a->z);
-    secp256k1_fe_normalize_var(&u1);
-    secp256k1_fe_normalize_var(&u2);
-    if (secp256k1_fe_equal(&u1, &u2)) {
-        secp256k1_fe_normalize_var(&s2);
-        if (secp256k1_fe_equal(&s1, &s2)) {
+    secp256k1_fe_t h; secp256k1_fe_negate(&h, &u1, 1); secp256k1_fe_add(&h, &u2);
+    secp256k1_fe_t i; secp256k1_fe_negate(&i, &s1, 1); secp256k1_fe_add(&i, &s2);
+    if (secp256k1_fe_normalizes_to_zero_var(&h)) {
+        if (secp256k1_fe_normalizes_to_zero_var(&i)) {
            secp256k1_gej_double_var(r, a);
        } else {
            r->infinity = 1;
        }
        return;
    }
-    secp256k1_fe_t h; secp256k1_fe_negate(&h, &u1, 1); secp256k1_fe_add(&h, &u2);
-    secp256k1_fe_t i; secp256k1_fe_negate(&i, &s1, 1); secp256k1_fe_add(&i, &s2);
    secp256k1_fe_t i2; secp256k1_fe_sqr(&i2, &i);
    secp256k1_fe_t h2; secp256k1_fe_sqr(&h2, &h);
    secp256k1_fe_t h3; secp256k1_fe_mul(&h3, &h, &h2);
@ -355,9 +342,9 @@ static void secp256k1_gej_add_ge(secp256k1_gej_t *r, const secp256k1_gej_t *a, c
     */

    secp256k1_fe_t zz; secp256k1_fe_sqr(&zz, &a->z);                /* z = Z1^2 */
-    secp256k1_fe_t u1 = a->x; secp256k1_fe_normalize(&u1);          /* u1 = U1 = X1*Z2^2 (1) */
+    secp256k1_fe_t u1 = a->x; secp256k1_fe_normalize_weak(&u1);     /* u1 = U1 = X1*Z2^2 (1) */
    secp256k1_fe_t u2; secp256k1_fe_mul(&u2, &b->x, &zz);           /* u2 = U2 = X2*Z1^2 (1) */
-    secp256k1_fe_t s1 = a->y; secp256k1_fe_normalize(&s1);          /* s1 = S1 = Y1*Z2^3 (1) */
+    secp256k1_fe_t s1 = a->y; secp256k1_fe_normalize_weak(&s1);     /* s1 = S1 = Y1*Z2^3 (1) */
    secp256k1_fe_t s2; secp256k1_fe_mul(&s2, &b->y, &zz);           /* s2 = Y2*Z2^2 (1) */
    secp256k1_fe_mul(&s2, &s2, &a->z);                              /* s2 = S2 = Y2*Z1^3 (1) */
    secp256k1_fe_t z = a->z;                                        /* z = Z = Z1*Z2 (8) */
@ -371,8 +358,7 @@ static void secp256k1_gej_add_ge(secp256k1_gej_t *r, const secp256k1_gej_t *a, c
    secp256k1_fe_add(&rr, &t);                                      /* rr = R = T^2-U1*U2 (3) */
    secp256k1_fe_sqr(&t, &rr);                                      /* t = R^2 (1) */
    secp256k1_fe_mul(&r->z, &m, &z);                                /* r->z = M*Z (1) */
-    secp256k1_fe_normalize(&r->z);
-    int infinity = secp256k1_fe_is_zero(&r->z) * (1 - a->infinity);
+    int infinity = secp256k1_fe_normalizes_to_zero(&r->z) * (1 - a->infinity);
    secp256k1_fe_mul_int(&r->z, 2 * (1 - a->infinity)); /* r->z = Z3 = 2*M*Z (2) */
    r->x = t;                                           /* r->x = R^2 (1) */
    secp256k1_fe_negate(&q, &q, 1);                     /* q = -Q (2) */
@ -384,7 +370,7 @@ static void secp256k1_gej_add_ge(secp256k1_gej_t *r, const secp256k1_gej_t *a, c
    secp256k1_fe_mul(&t, &t, &rr);                      /* t = R*(2*R^2-3*Q) (1) */
    secp256k1_fe_add(&t, &n);                           /* t = R*(2*R^2-3*Q)+M^4 (2) */
    secp256k1_fe_negate(&r->y, &t, 2);                  /* r->y = R*(3*Q-2*R^2)-M^4 (3) */
-    secp256k1_fe_normalize(&r->y);
+    secp256k1_fe_normalize_weak(&r->y);
    secp256k1_fe_mul_int(&r->x, 4 * (1 - a->infinity)); /* r->x = X3 = 4*(R^2-Q) */
    secp256k1_fe_mul_int(&r->y, 4 * (1 - a->infinity)); /* r->y = Y3 = 4*R*(3*Q-2*R^2)-4*M^4 (4) */

--- a/src/hash.h
+++ b/src/hash.h
@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+/**********************************************************************
+ * Copyright (c) 2014 Pieter Wuille                                   *
+ * Distributed under the MIT software license, see the accompanying   *
+ * file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.*
+ **********************************************************************/
+
+#ifndef _SECP256K1_HASH_
+#define _SECP256K1_HASH_
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+typedef struct {
+    uint32_t s[32];
+    unsigned char buf[64];
+    size_t bytes;
+} secp256k1_sha256_t;
+
+static void secp256k1_sha256_initialize(secp256k1_sha256_t *hash);
+static void secp256k1_sha256_write(secp256k1_sha256_t *hash, const unsigned char *data, size_t size);
+static void secp256k1_sha256_finalize(secp256k1_sha256_t *hash, unsigned char *out32);
+
+typedef struct {
+    secp256k1_sha256_t inner, outer;
+} secp256k1_hmac_sha256_t;
+
+static void secp256k1_hmac_sha256_initialize(secp256k1_hmac_sha256_t *hash, const unsigned char *key, size_t size);
+static void secp256k1_hmac_sha256_write(secp256k1_hmac_sha256_t *hash, const unsigned char *data, size_t size);
+static void secp256k1_hmac_sha256_finalize(secp256k1_hmac_sha256_t *hash, unsigned char *out32);
+
+typedef struct {
+    unsigned char v[32];
+    unsigned char k[32];
+    int retry;
+} secp256k1_rfc6979_hmac_sha256_t;
+
+static void secp256k1_rfc6979_hmac_sha256_initialize(secp256k1_rfc6979_hmac_sha256_t *rng, const unsigned char *key, size_t keylen, const unsigned char *msg, size_t msglen);
+static void secp256k1_rfc6979_hmac_sha256_generate(secp256k1_rfc6979_hmac_sha256_t *rng, unsigned char *out, size_t outlen);
+static void secp256k1_rfc6979_hmac_sha256_finalize(secp256k1_rfc6979_hmac_sha256_t *rng);
+
+#endif
--- a/src/hash_impl.h
+++ b/src/hash_impl.h
@ -0,0 +1,291 @@
+/**********************************************************************
+ * Copyright (c) 2014 Pieter Wuille                                   *
+ * Distributed under the MIT software license, see the accompanying   *
+ * file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.*
+ **********************************************************************/
+
+#ifndef _SECP256K1_HASH_IMPL_H_
+#define _SECP256K1_HASH_IMPL_H_
+
+#include "hash.h"
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#define Ch(x,y,z) ((z) ^ ((x) & ((y) ^ (z))))
+#define Maj(x,y,z) (((x) & (y)) | ((z) & ((x) | (y))))
+#define Sigma0(x) (((x) >> 2 | (x) << 30) ^ ((x) >> 13 | (x) << 19) ^ ((x) >> 22 | (x) << 10))
+#define Sigma1(x) (((x) >> 6 | (x) << 26) ^ ((x) >> 11 | (x) << 21) ^ ((x) >> 25 | (x) << 7))
+#define sigma0(x) (((x) >> 7 | (x) << 25) ^ ((x) >> 18 | (x) << 14) ^ ((x) >> 3))
+#define sigma1(x) (((x) >> 17 | (x) << 15) ^ ((x) >> 19 | (x) << 13) ^ ((x) >> 10))
+
+#define Round(a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,k,w) do { \
+    uint32_t t1 = (h) + Sigma1(e) + Ch((e), (f), (g)) + (k) + (w); \
+    uint32_t t2 = Sigma0(a) + Maj((a), (b), (c)); \
+    (d) += t1; \
+    (h) = t1 + t2; \
+} while(0)
+
+#define ReadBE32(p) (((uint32_t)((p)[0])) << 24 | ((uint32_t)((p)[1])) << 16 | ((uint32_t)((p)[2])) << 8 | ((uint32_t)((p)[3])))
+#define WriteBE32(p, v) do { (p)[0] = (v) >> 24; (p)[1] = (v) >> 16; (p)[2] = (v) >> 8; (p)[3] = (v); } while(0)
+
+static void secp256k1_sha256_initialize(secp256k1_sha256_t *hash) {
+    hash->s[0] = 0x6a09e667ul;
+    hash->s[1] = 0xbb67ae85ul;
+    hash->s[2] = 0x3c6ef372ul;
+    hash->s[3] = 0xa54ff53aul;
+    hash->s[4] = 0x510e527ful;
+    hash->s[5] = 0x9b05688cul;
+    hash->s[6] = 0x1f83d9abul;
+    hash->s[7] = 0x5be0cd19ul;
+    hash->bytes = 0;
+}
+
+/** Perform one SHA-256 transformation, processing a 64-byte chunk. */
+static void secp256k1_sha256_transform(uint32_t* s, const unsigned char* chunk) {
+    uint32_t a = s[0], b = s[1], c = s[2], d = s[3], e = s[4], f = s[5], g = s[6], h = s[7];
+    uint32_t w0, w1, w2, w3, w4, w5, w6, w7, w8, w9, w10, w11, w12, w13, w14, w15;
+
+    Round(a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, 0x428a2f98, w0 = ReadBE32(chunk + 0));
+    Round(h, a, b, c, d, e, f, g, 0x71374491, w1 = ReadBE32(chunk + 4));
+    Round(g, h, a, b, c, d, e, f, 0xb5c0fbcf, w2 = ReadBE32(chunk + 8));
+    Round(f, g, h, a, b, c, d, e, 0xe9b5dba5, w3 = ReadBE32(chunk + 12));
+    Round(e, f, g, h, a, b, c, d, 0x3956c25b, w4 = ReadBE32(chunk + 16));
+    Round(d, e, f, g, h, a, b, c, 0x59f111f1, w5 = ReadBE32(chunk + 20));
+    Round(c, d, e, f, g, h, a, b, 0x923f82a4, w6 = ReadBE32(chunk + 24));
+    Round(b, c, d, e, f, g, h, a, 0xab1c5ed5, w7 = ReadBE32(chunk + 28));
+    Round(a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, 0xd807aa98, w8 = ReadBE32(chunk + 32));
+    Round(h, a, b, c, d, e, f, g, 0x12835b01, w9 = ReadBE32(chunk + 36));
+    Round(g, h, a, b, c, d, e, f, 0x243185be, w10 = ReadBE32(chunk + 40));
+    Round(f, g, h, a, b, c, d, e, 0x550c7dc3, w11 = ReadBE32(chunk + 44));
+    Round(e, f, g, h, a, b, c, d, 0x72be5d74, w12 = ReadBE32(chunk + 48));
+    Round(d, e, f, g, h, a, b, c, 0x80deb1fe, w13 = ReadBE32(chunk + 52));
+    Round(c, d, e, f, g, h, a, b, 0x9bdc06a7, w14 = ReadBE32(chunk + 56));
+    Round(b, c, d, e, f, g, h, a, 0xc19bf174, w15 = ReadBE32(chunk + 60));
+
+    Round(a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, 0xe49b69c1, w0 += sigma1(w14) + w9 + sigma0(w1));
+    Round(h, a, b, c, d, e, f, g, 0xefbe4786, w1 += sigma1(w15) + w10 + sigma0(w2));
+    Round(g, h, a, b, c, d, e, f, 0x0fc19dc6, w2 += sigma1(w0) + w11 + sigma0(w3));
+    Round(f, g, h, a, b, c, d, e, 0x240ca1cc, w3 += sigma1(w1) + w12 + sigma0(w4));
+    Round(e, f, g, h, a, b, c, d, 0x2de92c6f, w4 += sigma1(w2) + w13 + sigma0(w5));
+    Round(d, e, f, g, h, a, b, c, 0x4a7484aa, w5 += sigma1(w3) + w14 + sigma0(w6));
+    Round(c, d, e, f, g, h, a, b, 0x5cb0a9dc, w6 += sigma1(w4) + w15 + sigma0(w7));
+    Round(b, c, d, e, f, g, h, a, 0x76f988da, w7 += sigma1(w5) + w0 + sigma0(w8));
+    Round(a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, 0x983e5152, w8 += sigma1(w6) + w1 + sigma0(w9));
+    Round(h, a, b, c, d, e, f, g, 0xa831c66d, w9 += sigma1(w7) + w2 + sigma0(w10));
+    Round(g, h, a, b, c, d, e, f, 0xb00327c8, w10 += sigma1(w8) + w3 + sigma0(w11));
+    Round(f, g, h, a, b, c, d, e, 0xbf597fc7, w11 += sigma1(w9) + w4 + sigma0(w12));
+    Round(e, f, g, h, a, b, c, d, 0xc6e00bf3, w12 += sigma1(w10) + w5 + sigma0(w13));
+    Round(d, e, f, g, h, a, b, c, 0xd5a79147, w13 += sigma1(w11) + w6 + sigma0(w14));
+    Round(c, d, e, f, g, h, a, b, 0x06ca6351, w14 += sigma1(w12) + w7 + sigma0(w15));
+    Round(b, c, d, e, f, g, h, a, 0x14292967, w15 += sigma1(w13) + w8 + sigma0(w0));
+
+    Round(a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, 0x27b70a85, w0 += sigma1(w14) + w9 + sigma0(w1));
+    Round(h, a, b, c, d, e, f, g, 0x2e1b2138, w1 += sigma1(w15) + w10 + sigma0(w2));
+    Round(g, h, a, b, c, d, e, f, 0x4d2c6dfc, w2 += sigma1(w0) + w11 + sigma0(w3));
+    Round(f, g, h, a, b, c, d, e, 0x53380d13, w3 += sigma1(w1) + w12 + sigma0(w4));
+    Round(e, f, g, h, a, b, c, d, 0x650a7354, w4 += sigma1(w2) + w13 + sigma0(w5));
+    Round(d, e, f, g, h, a, b, c, 0x766a0abb, w5 += sigma1(w3) + w14 + sigma0(w6));
+    Round(c, d, e, f, g, h, a, b, 0x81c2c92e, w6 += sigma1(w4) + w15 + sigma0(w7));
+    Round(b, c, d, e, f, g, h, a, 0x92722c85, w7 += sigma1(w5) + w0 + sigma0(w8));
+    Round(a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, 0xa2bfe8a1, w8 += sigma1(w6) + w1 + sigma0(w9));
+    Round(h, a, b, c, d, e, f, g, 0xa81a664b, w9 += sigma1(w7) + w2 + sigma0(w10));
+    Round(g, h, a, b, c, d, e, f, 0xc24b8b70, w10 += sigma1(w8) + w3 + sigma0(w11));
+    Round(f, g, h, a, b, c, d, e, 0xc76c51a3, w11 += sigma1(w9) + w4 + sigma0(w12));
+    Round(e, f, g, h, a, b, c, d, 0xd192e819, w12 += sigma1(w10) + w5 + sigma0(w13));
+    Round(d, e, f, g, h, a, b, c, 0xd6990624, w13 += sigma1(w11) + w6 + sigma0(w14));
+    Round(c, d, e, f, g, h, a, b, 0xf40e3585, w14 += sigma1(w12) + w7 + sigma0(w15));
+    Round(b, c, d, e, f, g, h, a, 0x106aa070, w15 += sigma1(w13) + w8 + sigma0(w0));
+
+    Round(a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, 0x19a4c116, w0 += sigma1(w14) + w9 + sigma0(w1));
+    Round(h, a, b, c, d, e, f, g, 0x1e376c08, w1 += sigma1(w15) + w10 + sigma0(w2));
+    Round(g, h, a, b, c, d, e, f, 0x2748774c, w2 += sigma1(w0) + w11 + sigma0(w3));
+    Round(f, g, h, a, b, c, d, e, 0x34b0bcb5, w3 += sigma1(w1) + w12 + sigma0(w4));
+    Round(e, f, g, h, a, b, c, d, 0x391c0cb3, w4 += sigma1(w2) + w13 + sigma0(w5));
+    Round(d, e, f, g, h, a, b, c, 0x4ed8aa4a, w5 += sigma1(w3) + w14 + sigma0(w6));
+    Round(c, d, e, f, g, h, a, b, 0x5b9cca4f, w6 += sigma1(w4) + w15 + sigma0(w7));
+    Round(b, c, d, e, f, g, h, a, 0x682e6ff3, w7 += sigma1(w5) + w0 + sigma0(w8));
+    Round(a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, 0x748f82ee, w8 += sigma1(w6) + w1 + sigma0(w9));
+    Round(h, a, b, c, d, e, f, g, 0x78a5636f, w9 += sigma1(w7) + w2 + sigma0(w10));
+    Round(g, h, a, b, c, d, e, f, 0x84c87814, w10 += sigma1(w8) + w3 + sigma0(w11));
+    Round(f, g, h, a, b, c, d, e, 0x8cc70208, w11 += sigma1(w9) + w4 + sigma0(w12));
+    Round(e, f, g, h, a, b, c, d, 0x90befffa, w12 += sigma1(w10) + w5 + sigma0(w13));
+    Round(d, e, f, g, h, a, b, c, 0xa4506ceb, w13 += sigma1(w11) + w6 + sigma0(w14));
+    Round(c, d, e, f, g, h, a, b, 0xbef9a3f7, w14 + sigma1(w12) + w7 + sigma0(w15));
+    Round(b, c, d, e, f, g, h, a, 0xc67178f2, w15 + sigma1(w13) + w8 + sigma0(w0));
+
+    s[0] += a;
+    s[1] += b;
+    s[2] += c;
+    s[3] += d;
+    s[4] += e;
+    s[5] += f;
+    s[6] += g;
+    s[7] += h;
+}
+
+static void secp256k1_sha256_write(secp256k1_sha256_t *hash, const unsigned char *data, size_t len) {
+    const unsigned char* end = data + len;
+    size_t bufsize = hash->bytes % 64;
+    if (bufsize && bufsize + len >= 64) {
+        // Fill the buffer, and process it.
+        memcpy(hash->buf + bufsize, data, 64 - bufsize);
+        hash->bytes += 64 - bufsize;
+        data += 64 - bufsize;
+        secp256k1_sha256_transform(hash->s, hash->buf);
+        bufsize = 0;
+    }
+    while (end >= data + 64) {
+        // Process full chunks directly from the source.
+        secp256k1_sha256_transform(hash->s, data);
+        hash->bytes += 64;
+        data += 64;
+    }
+    if (end > data) {
+        // Fill the buffer with what remains.
+        memcpy(hash->buf + bufsize, data, end - data);
+        hash->bytes += end - data;
+    }
+}
+
+static void secp256k1_sha256_finalize(secp256k1_sha256_t *hash, unsigned char *out32) {
+    static const unsigned char pad[64] = {0x80, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
+    unsigned char sizedesc[8];
+    WriteBE32(sizedesc, hash->bytes >> 29);
+    WriteBE32(sizedesc + 4, hash->bytes << 3);
+    secp256k1_sha256_write(hash, pad, 1 + ((119 - (hash->bytes % 64)) % 64));
+    secp256k1_sha256_write(hash, sizedesc, 8);
+    WriteBE32(out32, hash->s[0]);
+    hash->s[0] = 0;
+    WriteBE32(out32 + 4, hash->s[1]);
+    hash->s[1] = 0;
+    WriteBE32(out32 + 8, hash->s[2]);
+    hash->s[2] = 0;
+    WriteBE32(out32 + 12, hash->s[3]);
+    hash->s[3] = 0;
+    WriteBE32(out32 + 16, hash->s[4]);
+    hash->s[4] = 0;
+    WriteBE32(out32 + 20, hash->s[5]);
+    hash->s[5] = 0;
+    WriteBE32(out32 + 24, hash->s[6]);
+    hash->s[6] = 0;
+    WriteBE32(out32 + 28, hash->s[7]);
+    hash->s[7] = 0;
+}
+
+static void secp256k1_hmac_sha256_initialize(secp256k1_hmac_sha256_t *hash, const unsigned char *key, size_t keylen) {
+    unsigned char rkey[64];
+    if (keylen <= 64) {
+        memcpy(rkey, key, keylen);
+        memset(rkey + keylen, 0, 64 - keylen);
+    } else {
+        secp256k1_sha256_t sha256;
+        secp256k1_sha256_initialize(&sha256);
+        secp256k1_sha256_write(&sha256, key, keylen);
+        secp256k1_sha256_finalize(&sha256, rkey);
+        memset(rkey + 32, 0, 32);
+    }
+
+    secp256k1_sha256_initialize(&hash->outer);
+    for (int n = 0; n < 64; n++)
+        rkey[n] ^= 0x5c;
+    secp256k1_sha256_write(&hash->outer, rkey, 64);
+
+    secp256k1_sha256_initialize(&hash->inner);
+    for (int n = 0; n < 64; n++)
+        rkey[n] ^= 0x5c ^ 0x36;
+    secp256k1_sha256_write(&hash->inner, rkey, 64);
+    memset(rkey, 0, 64);
+}
+
+static void secp256k1_hmac_sha256_write(secp256k1_hmac_sha256_t *hash, const unsigned char *data, size_t size) {
+    secp256k1_sha256_write(&hash->inner, data, size);
+}
+
+static void secp256k1_hmac_sha256_finalize(secp256k1_hmac_sha256_t *hash, unsigned char *out32) {
+    unsigned char temp[32];
+    secp256k1_sha256_finalize(&hash->inner, temp);
+    secp256k1_sha256_write(&hash->outer, temp, 32);
+    memset(temp, 0, 32);
+    secp256k1_sha256_finalize(&hash->outer, out32);
+}
+
+
+static void secp256k1_rfc6979_hmac_sha256_initialize(secp256k1_rfc6979_hmac_sha256_t *rng, const unsigned char *key, size_t keylen, const unsigned char *msg, size_t msglen) {
+    static const unsigned char zero[1] = {0x00};
+    static const unsigned char one[1] = {0x01};
+
+    memset(rng->v, 0x01, 32);
+    memset(rng->k, 0x00, 32);
+
+    secp256k1_hmac_sha256_t hmac;
+    secp256k1_hmac_sha256_initialize(&hmac, rng->k, 32);
+    secp256k1_hmac_sha256_write(&hmac, rng->v, 32);
+    secp256k1_hmac_sha256_write(&hmac, zero, 1);
+    secp256k1_hmac_sha256_write(&hmac, key, keylen);
+    secp256k1_hmac_sha256_write(&hmac, msg, msglen);
+    secp256k1_hmac_sha256_finalize(&hmac, rng->k);
+    secp256k1_hmac_sha256_initialize(&hmac, rng->k, 32);
+    secp256k1_hmac_sha256_write(&hmac, rng->v, 32);
+    secp256k1_hmac_sha256_finalize(&hmac, rng->v);
+
+    secp256k1_hmac_sha256_initialize(&hmac, rng->k, 32);
+    secp256k1_hmac_sha256_write(&hmac, rng->v, 32);
+    secp256k1_hmac_sha256_write(&hmac, one, 1);
+    secp256k1_hmac_sha256_write(&hmac, key, keylen);
+    secp256k1_hmac_sha256_write(&hmac, msg, msglen);
+    secp256k1_hmac_sha256_finalize(&hmac, rng->k);
+    secp256k1_hmac_sha256_initialize(&hmac, rng->k, 32);
+    secp256k1_hmac_sha256_write(&hmac, rng->v, 32);
+    secp256k1_hmac_sha256_finalize(&hmac, rng->v);
+    rng->retry = 0;
+}
+
+static void secp256k1_rfc6979_hmac_sha256_generate(secp256k1_rfc6979_hmac_sha256_t *rng, unsigned char *out, size_t outlen) {
+    static const unsigned char zero[1] = {0x00};
+    if (rng->retry) {
+        secp256k1_hmac_sha256_t hmac;
+        secp256k1_hmac_sha256_initialize(&hmac, rng->k, 32);
+        secp256k1_hmac_sha256_write(&hmac, rng->v, 32);
+        secp256k1_hmac_sha256_write(&hmac, zero, 1);
+        secp256k1_hmac_sha256_finalize(&hmac, rng->k);
+        secp256k1_hmac_sha256_initialize(&hmac, rng->k, 32);
+        secp256k1_hmac_sha256_write(&hmac, rng->v, 32);
+        secp256k1_hmac_sha256_finalize(&hmac, rng->v);
+    }
+
+    while (outlen > 0) {
+        secp256k1_hmac_sha256_t hmac;
+        secp256k1_hmac_sha256_initialize(&hmac, rng->k, 32);
+        secp256k1_hmac_sha256_write(&hmac, rng->v, 32);
+        secp256k1_hmac_sha256_finalize(&hmac, rng->v);
+        int now = outlen;
+        if (now > 32) {
+            now = 32;
+        }
+        memcpy(out, rng->v, now);
+        out += now;
+        outlen -= now;
+    }
+
+    rng->retry = 1;
+}
+
+static void secp256k1_rfc6979_hmac_sha256_finalize(secp256k1_rfc6979_hmac_sha256_t *rng) {
+    memset(rng->k, 0, 32);
+    memset(rng->v, 0, 32);
+    rng->retry = 0;
+}
+
+
+#undef Round
+#undef sigma0
+#undef sigma1
+#undef Sigma0
+#undef Sigma1
+#undef Ch
+#undef Maj
+#undef ReadBE32
+#undef WriteBE32
+
+#endif
--- a/src/secp256k1.c
+++ b/src/secp256k1.c
@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 #include "ecmult_gen_impl.h"
 #include "ecdsa_impl.h"
 #include "eckey_impl.h"
+#include "hash_impl.h"

 void secp256k1_start(unsigned int flags) {
    secp256k1_fe_start();
@ -69,26 +70,54 @@ end:
    return ret;
 }

-int secp256k1_ecdsa_sign(const unsigned char *msg32, unsigned char *signature, int *signaturelen, const unsigned char *seckey, const unsigned char *nonce) {
+static int nonce_function_rfc6979(unsigned char *nonce32, const unsigned char *msg32, const unsigned char *key32, unsigned int counter, const void *data) {
+   (void)data;
+   secp256k1_rfc6979_hmac_sha256_t rng;
+   secp256k1_rfc6979_hmac_sha256_initialize(&rng, key32, 32, msg32, 32);
+   for (unsigned int i = 0; i <= counter; i++) {
+       secp256k1_rfc6979_hmac_sha256_generate(&rng, nonce32, 32);
+   }
+   secp256k1_rfc6979_hmac_sha256_finalize(&rng);
+   return 1;
+}
+
+const secp256k1_nonce_function_t secp256k1_nonce_function_rfc6979 = nonce_function_rfc6979;
+const secp256k1_nonce_function_t secp256k1_nonce_function_default = nonce_function_rfc6979;
+
+int secp256k1_ecdsa_sign(const unsigned char *msg32, unsigned char *signature, int *signaturelen, const unsigned char *seckey, secp256k1_nonce_function_t noncefp, const void* noncedata) {
    DEBUG_CHECK(secp256k1_ecmult_gen_consts != NULL);
    DEBUG_CHECK(msg32 != NULL);
    DEBUG_CHECK(signature != NULL);
    DEBUG_CHECK(signaturelen != NULL);
    DEBUG_CHECK(seckey != NULL);
-    DEBUG_CHECK(nonce != NULL);
+    if (noncefp == NULL) {
+        noncefp = secp256k1_nonce_function_default;
+    }

    secp256k1_scalar_t sec, non, msg;
    secp256k1_scalar_set_b32(&sec, seckey, NULL);
-    int overflow = 0;
-    secp256k1_scalar_set_b32(&non, nonce, &overflow);
    secp256k1_scalar_set_b32(&msg, msg32, NULL);
-    int ret = !secp256k1_scalar_is_zero(&non) && !overflow;
+    int overflow = 0;
+    int ret = 0;
+    unsigned int count = 0;
    secp256k1_ecdsa_sig_t sig;
-    if (ret) {
-        ret = secp256k1_ecdsa_sig_sign(&sig, &sec, &msg, &non, NULL);
+    while (1) {
+        unsigned char nonce32[32];
+        ret = noncefp(nonce32, msg32, seckey, count, noncedata);
+        if (!ret) {
+            break;
+        }
+        secp256k1_scalar_set_b32(&non, nonce32, &overflow);
+        memset(nonce32, 0, 32);
+        if (!secp256k1_scalar_is_zero(&non) && !overflow) {
+            if (secp256k1_ecdsa_sig_sign(&sig, &sec, &msg, &non, NULL)) {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        count++;
    }
    if (ret) {
-        secp256k1_ecdsa_sig_serialize(signature, signaturelen, &sig);
+        ret = secp256k1_ecdsa_sig_serialize(signature, signaturelen, &sig);
    }
    secp256k1_scalar_clear(&msg);
    secp256k1_scalar_clear(&non);
@ -96,22 +125,36 @@ int secp256k1_ecdsa_sign(const unsigned char *msg32, unsigned char *signature, i
    return ret;
 }

-int secp256k1_ecdsa_sign_compact(const unsigned char *msg32, unsigned char *sig64, const unsigned char *seckey, const unsigned char *nonce, int *recid) {
+int secp256k1_ecdsa_sign_compact(const unsigned char *msg32, unsigned char *sig64, const unsigned char *seckey, secp256k1_nonce_function_t noncefp, const void* noncedata, int *recid) {
    DEBUG_CHECK(secp256k1_ecmult_gen_consts != NULL);
    DEBUG_CHECK(msg32 != NULL);
    DEBUG_CHECK(sig64 != NULL);
    DEBUG_CHECK(seckey != NULL);
-    DEBUG_CHECK(nonce != NULL);
+    if (noncefp == NULL) {
+        noncefp = secp256k1_nonce_function_default;
+    }

    secp256k1_scalar_t sec, non, msg;
    secp256k1_scalar_set_b32(&sec, seckey, NULL);
-    int overflow = 0;
-    secp256k1_scalar_set_b32(&non, nonce, &overflow);
    secp256k1_scalar_set_b32(&msg, msg32, NULL);
-    int ret = !secp256k1_scalar_is_zero(&non) && !overflow;
+    int overflow = 0;
+    int ret = 0;
+    unsigned int count = 0;
    secp256k1_ecdsa_sig_t sig;
-    if (ret) {
-        ret = secp256k1_ecdsa_sig_sign(&sig, &sec, &msg, &non, recid);
+    while (1) {
+        unsigned char nonce32[32];
+        ret = noncefp(nonce32, msg32, seckey, count, noncedata);
+        if (!ret) {
+            break;
+        }
+        secp256k1_scalar_set_b32(&non, nonce32, &overflow);
+        memset(nonce32, 0, 32);
+        if (!secp256k1_scalar_is_zero(&non) && !overflow) {
+            if (secp256k1_ecdsa_sig_sign(&sig, &sec, &msg, &non, recid)) {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        count++;
    }
    if (ret) {
        secp256k1_scalar_get_b32(sig64, &sig.r);
--- a/src/tests.c
+++ b/src/tests.c
@ -36,12 +36,19 @@ void random_field_element_test(secp256k1_fe_t *fe) {
 }

 void random_field_element_magnitude(secp256k1_fe_t *fe) {
+    int n = secp256k1_rand32() % 9;
    secp256k1_fe_normalize(fe);
-    int n = secp256k1_rand32() % 4;
-    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        secp256k1_fe_negate(fe, fe, 1 + 2*i);
-        secp256k1_fe_negate(fe, fe, 2 + 2*i);
+    if (n == 0) {
+        return;
    }
+    secp256k1_fe_t zero;
+    secp256k1_fe_clear(&zero);
+    secp256k1_fe_negate(&zero, &zero, 0);
+    secp256k1_fe_mul_int(&zero, n - 1);
+    secp256k1_fe_add(fe, &zero);
+#ifdef VERIFY
+    CHECK(fe->magnitude == n);
+#endif
 }

 void random_group_element_test(secp256k1_ge_t *ge) {
@ -91,6 +98,121 @@ void random_scalar_order(secp256k1_scalar_t *num) {
    } while(1);
 }

+/***** HASH TESTS *****/
+
+void run_sha256_tests(void) {
+    static const char *inputs[8] = {
+        "", "abc", "message digest", "secure hash algorithm", "SHA256 is considered to be safe",
+        "abcdbcdecdefdefgefghfghighijhijkijkljklmklmnlmnomnopnopq",
+        "For this sample, this 63-byte string will be used as input data",
+        "This is exactly 64 bytes long, not counting the terminating byte"
+    };
+    static const unsigned char outputs[8][32] = {
+        {0xe3, 0xb0, 0xc4, 0x42, 0x98, 0xfc, 0x1c, 0x14, 0x9a, 0xfb, 0xf4, 0xc8, 0x99, 0x6f, 0xb9, 0x24, 0x27, 0xae, 0x41, 0xe4, 0x64, 0x9b, 0x93, 0x4c, 0xa4, 0x95, 0x99, 0x1b, 0x78, 0x52, 0xb8, 0x55},
+        {0xba, 0x78, 0x16, 0xbf, 0x8f, 0x01, 0xcf, 0xea, 0x41, 0x41, 0x40, 0xde, 0x5d, 0xae, 0x22, 0x23, 0xb0, 0x03, 0x61, 0xa3, 0x96, 0x17, 0x7a, 0x9c, 0xb4, 0x10, 0xff, 0x61, 0xf2, 0x00, 0x15, 0xad},
+        {0xf7, 0x84, 0x6f, 0x55, 0xcf, 0x23, 0xe1, 0x4e, 0xeb, 0xea, 0xb5, 0xb4, 0xe1, 0x55, 0x0c, 0xad, 0x5b, 0x50, 0x9e, 0x33, 0x48, 0xfb, 0xc4, 0xef, 0xa3, 0xa1, 0x41, 0x3d, 0x39, 0x3c, 0xb6, 0x50},
+        {0xf3, 0x0c, 0xeb, 0x2b, 0xb2, 0x82, 0x9e, 0x79, 0xe4, 0xca, 0x97, 0x53, 0xd3, 0x5a, 0x8e, 0xcc, 0x00, 0x26, 0x2d, 0x16, 0x4c, 0xc0, 0x77, 0x08, 0x02, 0x95, 0x38, 0x1c, 0xbd, 0x64, 0x3f, 0x0d},
+        {0x68, 0x19, 0xd9, 0x15, 0xc7, 0x3f, 0x4d, 0x1e, 0x77, 0xe4, 0xe1, 0xb5, 0x2d, 0x1f, 0xa0, 0xf9, 0xcf, 0x9b, 0xea, 0xea, 0xd3, 0x93, 0x9f, 0x15, 0x87, 0x4b, 0xd9, 0x88, 0xe2, 0xa2, 0x36, 0x30},
+        {0x24, 0x8d, 0x6a, 0x61, 0xd2, 0x06, 0x38, 0xb8, 0xe5, 0xc0, 0x26, 0x93, 0x0c, 0x3e, 0x60, 0x39, 0xa3, 0x3c, 0xe4, 0x59, 0x64, 0xff, 0x21, 0x67, 0xf6, 0xec, 0xed, 0xd4, 0x19, 0xdb, 0x06, 0xc1},
+        {0xf0, 0x8a, 0x78, 0xcb, 0xba, 0xee, 0x08, 0x2b, 0x05, 0x2a, 0xe0, 0x70, 0x8f, 0x32, 0xfa, 0x1e, 0x50, 0xc5, 0xc4, 0x21, 0xaa, 0x77, 0x2b, 0xa5, 0xdb, 0xb4, 0x06, 0xa2, 0xea, 0x6b, 0xe3, 0x42},
+        {0xab, 0x64, 0xef, 0xf7, 0xe8, 0x8e, 0x2e, 0x46, 0x16, 0x5e, 0x29, 0xf2, 0xbc, 0xe4, 0x18, 0x26, 0xbd, 0x4c, 0x7b, 0x35, 0x52, 0xf6, 0xb3, 0x82, 0xa9, 0xe7, 0xd3, 0xaf, 0x47, 0xc2, 0x45, 0xf8}
+    };
+    for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
+        secp256k1_sha256_t hasher;
+        secp256k1_sha256_initialize(&hasher);
+        secp256k1_sha256_write(&hasher, (const unsigned char*)(inputs[i]), strlen(inputs[i]));
+        unsigned char out[32];
+        secp256k1_sha256_finalize(&hasher, out);
+        CHECK(memcmp(out, outputs[i], 32) == 0);
+        if (strlen(inputs[i]) > 0) {
+            secp256k1_sha256_initialize(&hasher);
+            int split = secp256k1_rand32() % strlen(inputs[i]);
+            secp256k1_sha256_write(&hasher, (const unsigned char*)(inputs[i]), split);
+            secp256k1_sha256_write(&hasher, (const unsigned char*)(inputs[i] + split), strlen(inputs[i]) - split);
+            secp256k1_sha256_finalize(&hasher, out);
+            CHECK(memcmp(out, outputs[i], 32) == 0);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void run_hmac_sha256_tests(void) {
+    static const char *keys[6] = {
+        "\x0b\x0b\x0b\x0b\x0b\x0b\x0b\x0b\x0b\x0b\x0b\x0b\x0b\x0b\x0b\x0b\x0b\x0b\x0b\x0b",
+        "\x4a\x65\x66\x65",
+        "\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa",
+        "\x01\x02\x03\x04\x05\x06\x07\x08\x09\x0a\x0b\x0c\x0d\x0e\x0f\x10\x11\x12\x13\x14\x15\x16\x17\x18\x19",
+        "\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa",
+        "\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa\xaa"
+    };
+    static const char *inputs[6] = {
+        "\x48\x69\x20\x54\x68\x65\x72\x65",
+        "\x77\x68\x61\x74\x20\x64\x6f\x20\x79\x61\x20\x77\x61\x6e\x74\x20\x66\x6f\x72\x20\x6e\x6f\x74\x68\x69\x6e\x67\x3f",
+        "\xdd\xdd\xdd\xdd\xdd\xdd\xdd\xdd\xdd\xdd\xdd\xdd\xdd\xdd\xdd\xdd\xdd\xdd\xdd\xdd\xdd\xdd\xdd\xdd\xdd\xdd\xdd\xdd\xdd\xdd\xdd\xdd\xdd\xdd\xdd\xdd\xdd\xdd\xdd\xdd\xdd\xdd\xdd\xdd\xdd\xdd\xdd\xdd\xdd\xdd",
+        "\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcd\xcd",
+        "\x54\x65\x73\x74\x20\x55\x73\x69\x6e\x67\x20\x4c\x61\x72\x67\x65\x72\x20\x54\x68\x61\x6e\x20\x42\x6c\x6f\x63\x6b\x2d\x53\x69\x7a\x65\x20\x4b\x65\x79\x20\x2d\x20\x48\x61\x73\x68\x20\x4b\x65\x79\x20\x46\x69\x72\x73\x74",
+        "\x54\x68\x69\x73\x20\x69\x73\x20\x61\x20\x74\x65\x73\x74\x20\x75\x73\x69\x6e\x67\x20\x61\x20\x6c\x61\x72\x67\x65\x72\x20\x74\x68\x61\x6e\x20\x62\x6c\x6f\x63\x6b\x2d\x73\x69\x7a\x65\x20\x6b\x65\x79\x20\x61\x6e\x64\x20\x61\x20\x6c\x61\x72\x67\x65\x72\x20\x74\x68\x61\x6e\x20\x62\x6c\x6f\x63\x6b\x2d\x73\x69\x7a\x65\x20\x64\x61\x74\x61\x2e\x20\x54\x68\x65\x20\x6b\x65\x79\x20\x6e\x65\x65\x64\x73\x20\x74\x6f\x20\x62\x65\x20\x68\x61\x73\x68\x65\x64\x20\x62\x65\x66\x6f\x72\x65\x20\x62\x65\x69\x6e\x67\x20\x75\x73\x65\x64\x20\x62\x79\x20\x74\x68\x65\x20\x48\x4d\x41\x43\x20\x61\x6c\x67\x6f\x72\x69\x74\x68\x6d\x2e"
+    };
+    static const unsigned char outputs[6][32] = {
+        {0xb0, 0x34, 0x4c, 0x61, 0xd8, 0xdb, 0x38, 0x53, 0x5c, 0xa8, 0xaf, 0xce, 0xaf, 0x0b, 0xf1, 0x2b, 0x88, 0x1d, 0xc2, 0x00, 0xc9, 0x83, 0x3d, 0xa7, 0x26, 0xe9, 0x37, 0x6c, 0x2e, 0x32, 0xcf, 0xf7},
+        {0x5b, 0xdc, 0xc1, 0x46, 0xbf, 0x60, 0x75, 0x4e, 0x6a, 0x04, 0x24, 0x26, 0x08, 0x95, 0x75, 0xc7, 0x5a, 0x00, 0x3f, 0x08, 0x9d, 0x27, 0x39, 0x83, 0x9d, 0xec, 0x58, 0xb9, 0x64, 0xec, 0x38, 0x43},
+        {0x77, 0x3e, 0xa9, 0x1e, 0x36, 0x80, 0x0e, 0x46, 0x85, 0x4d, 0xb8, 0xeb, 0xd0, 0x91, 0x81, 0xa7, 0x29, 0x59, 0x09, 0x8b, 0x3e, 0xf8, 0xc1, 0x22, 0xd9, 0x63, 0x55, 0x14, 0xce, 0xd5, 0x65, 0xfe},
+        {0x82, 0x55, 0x8a, 0x38, 0x9a, 0x44, 0x3c, 0x0e, 0xa4, 0xcc, 0x81, 0x98, 0x99, 0xf2, 0x08, 0x3a, 0x85, 0xf0, 0xfa, 0xa3, 0xe5, 0x78, 0xf8, 0x07, 0x7a, 0x2e, 0x3f, 0xf4, 0x67, 0x29, 0x66, 0x5b},
+        {0x60, 0xe4, 0x31, 0x59, 0x1e, 0xe0, 0xb6, 0x7f, 0x0d, 0x8a, 0x26, 0xaa, 0xcb, 0xf5, 0xb7, 0x7f, 0x8e, 0x0b, 0xc6, 0x21, 0x37, 0x28, 0xc5, 0x14, 0x05, 0x46, 0x04, 0x0f, 0x0e, 0xe3, 0x7f, 0x54},
+        {0x9b, 0x09, 0xff, 0xa7, 0x1b, 0x94, 0x2f, 0xcb, 0x27, 0x63, 0x5f, 0xbc, 0xd5, 0xb0, 0xe9, 0x44, 0xbf, 0xdc, 0x63, 0x64, 0x4f, 0x07, 0x13, 0x93, 0x8a, 0x7f, 0x51, 0x53, 0x5c, 0x3a, 0x35, 0xe2}
+    };
+    for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
+        secp256k1_hmac_sha256_t hasher;
+        secp256k1_hmac_sha256_initialize(&hasher, (const unsigned char*)(keys[i]), strlen(keys[i]));
+        secp256k1_hmac_sha256_write(&hasher, (const unsigned char*)(inputs[i]), strlen(inputs[i]));
+        unsigned char out[32];
+        secp256k1_hmac_sha256_finalize(&hasher, out);
+        CHECK(memcmp(out, outputs[i], 32) == 0);
+        if (strlen(inputs[i]) > 0) {
+            secp256k1_hmac_sha256_initialize(&hasher, (const unsigned char*)(keys[i]), strlen(keys[i]));
+            int split = secp256k1_rand32() % strlen(inputs[i]);
+            secp256k1_hmac_sha256_write(&hasher, (const unsigned char*)(inputs[i]), split);
+            secp256k1_hmac_sha256_write(&hasher, (const unsigned char*)(inputs[i] + split), strlen(inputs[i]) - split);
+            secp256k1_hmac_sha256_finalize(&hasher, out);
+            CHECK(memcmp(out, outputs[i], 32) == 0);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void run_rfc6979_hmac_sha256_tests(void) {
+    static const unsigned char key1[32] = {0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08, 0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x0c, 0x0d, 0x0e, 0x0f, 0x10, 0x11, 0x12, 0x13, 0x14, 0x15, 0x16, 0x17, 0x18, 0x19, 0x1a, 0x1b, 0x1c, 0x1d, 0x1e, 0x1f, 0x00};
+    static const unsigned char msg1[32] = {0x4b, 0xf5, 0x12, 0x2f, 0x34, 0x45, 0x54, 0xc5, 0x3b, 0xde, 0x2e, 0xbb, 0x8c, 0xd2, 0xb7, 0xe3, 0xd1, 0x60, 0x0a, 0xd6, 0x31, 0xc3, 0x85, 0xa5, 0xd7, 0xcc, 0xe2, 0x3c, 0x77, 0x85, 0x45, 0x9a};
+    static const unsigned char out1[3][32] = {
+        {0x4f, 0xe2, 0x95, 0x25, 0xb2, 0x08, 0x68, 0x09, 0x15, 0x9a, 0xcd, 0xf0, 0x50, 0x6e, 0xfb, 0x86, 0xb0, 0xec, 0x93, 0x2c, 0x7b, 0xa4, 0x42, 0x56, 0xab, 0x32, 0x1e, 0x42, 0x1e, 0x67, 0xe9, 0xfb},
+        {0x2b, 0xf0, 0xff, 0xf1, 0xd3, 0xc3, 0x78, 0xa2, 0x2d, 0xc5, 0xde, 0x1d, 0x85, 0x65, 0x22, 0x32, 0x5c, 0x65, 0xb5, 0x04, 0x49, 0x1a, 0x0c, 0xbd, 0x01, 0xcb, 0x8f, 0x3a, 0xa6, 0x7f, 0xfd, 0x4a},
+        {0xf5, 0x28, 0xb4, 0x10, 0xcb, 0x54, 0x1f, 0x77, 0x00, 0x0d, 0x7a, 0xfb, 0x6c, 0x5b, 0x53, 0xc5, 0xc4, 0x71, 0xea, 0xb4, 0x3e, 0x46, 0x6d, 0x9a, 0xc5, 0x19, 0x0c, 0x39, 0xc8, 0x2f, 0xd8, 0x2e}
+    };
+
+    static const unsigned char key2[32] = {0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff};
+    static const unsigned char msg2[32] = {0xe3, 0xb0, 0xc4, 0x42, 0x98, 0xfc, 0x1c, 0x14, 0x9a, 0xfb, 0xf4, 0xc8, 0x99, 0x6f, 0xb9, 0x24, 0x27, 0xae, 0x41, 0xe4, 0x64, 0x9b, 0x93, 0x4c, 0xa4, 0x95, 0x99, 0x1b, 0x78, 0x52, 0xb8, 0x55};
+    static const unsigned char out2[3][32] = {
+        {0x9c, 0x23, 0x6c, 0x16, 0x5b, 0x82, 0xae, 0x0c, 0xd5, 0x90, 0x65, 0x9e, 0x10, 0x0b, 0x6b, 0xab, 0x30, 0x36, 0xe7, 0xba, 0x8b, 0x06, 0x74, 0x9b, 0xaf, 0x69, 0x81, 0xe1, 0x6f, 0x1a, 0x2b, 0x95},
+        {0xdf, 0x47, 0x10, 0x61, 0x62, 0x5b, 0xc0, 0xea, 0x14, 0xb6, 0x82, 0xfe, 0xee, 0x2c, 0x9c, 0x02, 0xf2, 0x35, 0xda, 0x04, 0x20, 0x4c, 0x1d, 0x62, 0xa1, 0x53, 0x6c, 0x6e, 0x17, 0xae, 0xd7, 0xa9},
+        {0x75, 0x97, 0x88, 0x7c, 0xbd, 0x76, 0x32, 0x1f, 0x32, 0xe3, 0x04, 0x40, 0x67, 0x9a, 0x22, 0xcf, 0x7f, 0x8d, 0x9d, 0x2e, 0xac, 0x39, 0x0e, 0x58, 0x1f, 0xea, 0x09, 0x1c, 0xe2, 0x02, 0xba, 0x94}
+    };
+
+    secp256k1_rfc6979_hmac_sha256_t rng;
+    unsigned char out[32];
+
+    secp256k1_rfc6979_hmac_sha256_initialize(&rng, key1, 32, msg1, 32);
+    for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+        secp256k1_rfc6979_hmac_sha256_generate(&rng, out, 32);
+        CHECK(memcmp(out, out1[i], 32) == 0);
+    }
+    secp256k1_rfc6979_hmac_sha256_finalize(&rng);
+
+    secp256k1_rfc6979_hmac_sha256_initialize(&rng, key2, 32, msg2, 32);
+    for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+        secp256k1_rfc6979_hmac_sha256_generate(&rng, out, 32);
+        CHECK(memcmp(out, out2[i], 32) == 0);
+    }
+    secp256k1_rfc6979_hmac_sha256_finalize(&rng);
+}
+
 /***** NUM TESTS *****/

 #ifndef USE_NUM_NONE
@ -494,9 +616,9 @@ void random_fe_non_square(secp256k1_fe_t *ns) {
 }

 int check_fe_equal(const secp256k1_fe_t *a, const secp256k1_fe_t *b) {
-    secp256k1_fe_t an = *a; secp256k1_fe_normalize(&an);
+    secp256k1_fe_t an = *a; secp256k1_fe_normalize_weak(&an);
    secp256k1_fe_t bn = *b; secp256k1_fe_normalize_var(&bn);
-    return secp256k1_fe_equal(&an, &bn);
+    return secp256k1_fe_equal_var(&an, &bn);
 }

 int check_fe_inverse(const secp256k1_fe_t *a, const secp256k1_fe_t *ai) {
@ -523,16 +645,16 @@ void run_field_misc(void) {
        random_fe_non_zero(&y);
        /* Test the fe equality and comparison operations. */
        CHECK(secp256k1_fe_cmp_var(&x, &x) == 0);
-        CHECK(secp256k1_fe_equal(&x, &x));
+        CHECK(secp256k1_fe_equal_var(&x, &x));
        z = x;
        secp256k1_fe_add(&z,&y);
        secp256k1_fe_normalize(&z);
        /* Test the conditional move. */
        secp256k1_fe_cmov(&z, &x, 0);
-        CHECK(secp256k1_fe_equal(&x, &z) == 0);
+        CHECK(secp256k1_fe_equal_var(&x, &z) == 0);
        CHECK(secp256k1_fe_cmp_var(&x, &z) != 0);
        secp256k1_fe_cmov(&y, &x, 1);
-        CHECK(secp256k1_fe_equal(&x, &y));
+        CHECK(secp256k1_fe_equal_var(&x, &y));
        /* Test that mul_int, mul, and add agree. */
        secp256k1_fe_add(&y, &x);
        secp256k1_fe_add(&y, &x);
@ -656,108 +778,148 @@ void run_sqrt(void) {

 /***** GROUP TESTS *****/

-int ge_equals_ge(const secp256k1_ge_t *a, const secp256k1_ge_t *b) {
-    if (a->infinity && b->infinity)
-        return 1;
-    return check_fe_equal(&a->x, &b->x) && check_fe_equal(&a->y, &b->y);
+void ge_equals_ge(const secp256k1_ge_t *a, const secp256k1_ge_t *b) {
+    CHECK(a->infinity == b->infinity);
+    if (a->infinity)
+        return;
+    CHECK(secp256k1_fe_equal_var(&a->x, &b->x));
+    CHECK(secp256k1_fe_equal_var(&b->y, &b->y));
 }

 void ge_equals_gej(const secp256k1_ge_t *a, const secp256k1_gej_t *b) {
-    secp256k1_ge_t bb;
-    secp256k1_gej_t bj = *b;
-    secp256k1_ge_set_gej_var(&bb, &bj);
-    CHECK(ge_equals_ge(a, &bb));
-}
-
-void gej_equals_gej(const secp256k1_gej_t *a, const secp256k1_gej_t *b) {
-    secp256k1_ge_t aa, bb;
-    secp256k1_gej_t aj = *a, bj = *b;
-    secp256k1_ge_set_gej_var(&aa, &aj);
-    secp256k1_ge_set_gej_var(&bb, &bj);
-    CHECK(ge_equals_ge(&aa, &bb));
+    CHECK(a->infinity == b->infinity);
+    if (a->infinity)
+        return;
+    /* Check a.x * b.z^2 == b.x && a.y * b.z^3 == b.y, to avoid inverses. */
+    secp256k1_fe_t z2s;
+    secp256k1_fe_sqr(&z2s, &b->z);
+    secp256k1_fe_t u1, u2, s1, s2;
+    secp256k1_fe_mul(&u1, &a->x, &z2s);
+    u2 = b->x; secp256k1_fe_normalize_weak(&u2);
+    secp256k1_fe_mul(&s1, &a->y, &z2s); secp256k1_fe_mul(&s1, &s1, &b->z);
+    s2 = b->y; secp256k1_fe_normalize_weak(&s2);
+    CHECK(secp256k1_fe_equal_var(&u1, &u2));
+    CHECK(secp256k1_fe_equal_var(&s1, &s2));
 }

 void test_ge(void) {
-    char ca[135];
-    char cb[68];
-    int rlen;
-    secp256k1_ge_t a, b, i, n;
-    random_group_element_test(&a);
-    random_group_element_test(&b);
-    rlen = sizeof(ca);
-    secp256k1_ge_get_hex(ca,&rlen,&a);
-    CHECK(rlen > 4 && rlen <= (int)sizeof(ca));
-    rlen = sizeof(cb);
-    secp256k1_ge_get_hex(cb,&rlen,&b); /* Intentionally undersized buffer. */
-    n = a;
-    secp256k1_fe_normalize(&a.y);
-    secp256k1_fe_negate(&n.y, &a.y, 1);
-    secp256k1_ge_set_infinity(&i);
-    random_field_element_magnitude(&a.x);
-    random_field_element_magnitude(&a.y);
-    random_field_element_magnitude(&b.x);
-    random_field_element_magnitude(&b.y);
-    random_field_element_magnitude(&n.x);
-    random_field_element_magnitude(&n.y);
+    int runs = 4;
+    /* Points: (infinity, p1, p1, -p1, -p1, p2, p2, -p2, -p2, p3, p3, -p3, -p3, p4, p4, -p4, -p4).
+     * The second in each pair of identical points uses a random Z coordinate in the Jacobian form.
+     * All magnitudes are randomized.
+     * All 17*17 combinations of points are added to eachother, using all applicable methods.
+     */
+    secp256k1_ge_t *ge = malloc(sizeof(secp256k1_ge_t) * (1 + 4 * runs));
+    secp256k1_gej_t *gej = malloc(sizeof(secp256k1_gej_t) * (1 + 4 * runs));
+    secp256k1_gej_set_infinity(&gej[0]);
+    secp256k1_ge_clear(&ge[0]);
+    secp256k1_ge_set_gej_var(&ge[0], &gej[0]);
+    for (int i = 0; i < runs; i++) {
+        secp256k1_ge_t g;
+        random_group_element_test(&g);
+        ge[1 + 4 * i] = g;
+        ge[2 + 4 * i] = g;
+        secp256k1_ge_neg(&ge[3 + 4 * i], &g);
+        secp256k1_ge_neg(&ge[4 + 4 * i], &g);
+        secp256k1_gej_set_ge(&gej[1 + 4 * i], &ge[1 + 4 * i]);
+        random_group_element_jacobian_test(&gej[2 + 4 * i], &ge[2 + 4 * i]);
+        secp256k1_gej_set_ge(&gej[3 + 4 * i], &ge[3 + 4 * i]);
+        random_group_element_jacobian_test(&gej[4 + 4 * i], &ge[4 + 4 * i]);
+        for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++) {
+            random_field_element_magnitude(&ge[1 + j + 4 * i].x);
+            random_field_element_magnitude(&ge[1 + j + 4 * i].y);
+            random_field_element_magnitude(&gej[1 + j + 4 * i].x);
+            random_field_element_magnitude(&gej[1 + j + 4 * i].y);
+            random_field_element_magnitude(&gej[1 + j + 4 * i].z);
+        }
+    }

-    secp256k1_gej_t aj, bj, ij, nj;
-    random_group_element_jacobian_test(&aj, &a);
-    random_group_element_jacobian_test(&bj, &b);
-    secp256k1_gej_set_infinity(&ij);
-    random_group_element_jacobian_test(&nj, &n);
-    random_field_element_magnitude(&aj.x);
-    random_field_element_magnitude(&aj.y);
-    random_field_element_magnitude(&aj.z);
-    random_field_element_magnitude(&bj.x);
-    random_field_element_magnitude(&bj.y);
-    random_field_element_magnitude(&bj.z);
-    random_field_element_magnitude(&nj.x);
-    random_field_element_magnitude(&nj.y);
-    random_field_element_magnitude(&nj.z);
+    for (int i1 = 0; i1 < 1 + 4 * runs; i1++) {
+        for (int i2 = 0; i2 < 1 + 4 * runs; i2++) {
+            /* Compute reference result using gej + gej (var). */
+            secp256k1_gej_t refj, resj;
+            secp256k1_ge_t ref;
+            secp256k1_gej_add_var(&refj, &gej[i1], &gej[i2]);
+            secp256k1_ge_set_gej_var(&ref, &refj);

-    /* gej + gej adds */
-    secp256k1_gej_t aaj; secp256k1_gej_add_var(&aaj, &aj, &aj);
-    secp256k1_gej_t abj; secp256k1_gej_add_var(&abj, &aj, &bj);
-    secp256k1_gej_t aij; secp256k1_gej_add_var(&aij, &aj, &ij);
-    secp256k1_gej_t anj; secp256k1_gej_add_var(&anj, &aj, &nj);
-    secp256k1_gej_t iaj; secp256k1_gej_add_var(&iaj, &ij, &aj);
-    secp256k1_gej_t iij; secp256k1_gej_add_var(&iij, &ij, &ij);
+            /* Test gej + ge (var). */
+            secp256k1_gej_add_ge_var(&resj, &gej[i1], &ge[i2]);
+            ge_equals_gej(&ref, &resj);

-    /* gej + ge adds */
-    secp256k1_gej_t aa; secp256k1_gej_add_ge_var(&aa, &aj, &a);
-    secp256k1_gej_t ab; secp256k1_gej_add_ge_var(&ab, &aj, &b);
-    secp256k1_gej_t ai; secp256k1_gej_add_ge_var(&ai, &aj, &i);
-    secp256k1_gej_t an; secp256k1_gej_add_ge_var(&an, &aj, &n);
-    secp256k1_gej_t ia; secp256k1_gej_add_ge_var(&ia, &ij, &a);
-    secp256k1_gej_t ii; secp256k1_gej_add_ge_var(&ii, &ij, &i);
+            /* Test gej + ge (const). */
+            if (i2 != 0) {
+                /* secp256k1_gej_add_ge does not support its second argument being infinity. */
+                secp256k1_gej_add_ge(&resj, &gej[i1], &ge[i2]);
+                ge_equals_gej(&ref, &resj);
+            }

-    /* const gej + ge adds */
-    secp256k1_gej_t aac; secp256k1_gej_add_ge(&aac, &aj, &a);
-    secp256k1_gej_t abc; secp256k1_gej_add_ge(&abc, &aj, &b);
-    secp256k1_gej_t anc; secp256k1_gej_add_ge(&anc, &aj, &n);
-    secp256k1_gej_t iac; secp256k1_gej_add_ge(&iac, &ij, &a);
+            /* Test doubling (var). */
+            if ((i1 == 0 && i2 == 0) || ((i1 + 3)/4 == (i2 + 3)/4 && ((i1 + 3)%4)/2 == ((i2 + 3)%4)/2)) {
+                /* Normal doubling. */
+                secp256k1_gej_double_var(&resj, &gej[i1]);
+                ge_equals_gej(&ref, &resj);
+                secp256k1_gej_double_var(&resj, &gej[i2]);
+                ge_equals_gej(&ref, &resj);
+            }

-    CHECK(secp256k1_gej_is_infinity(&an));
-    CHECK(secp256k1_gej_is_infinity(&anj));
-    CHECK(secp256k1_gej_is_infinity(&anc));
-    gej_equals_gej(&aa, &aaj);
-    gej_equals_gej(&aa, &aac);
-    gej_equals_gej(&ab, &abj);
-    gej_equals_gej(&ab, &abc);
-    gej_equals_gej(&an, &anj);
-    gej_equals_gej(&an, &anc);
-    gej_equals_gej(&ia, &iaj);
-    gej_equals_gej(&ai, &aij);
-    gej_equals_gej(&ii, &iij);
-    ge_equals_gej(&a, &ai);
-    ge_equals_gej(&a, &ai);
-    ge_equals_gej(&a, &iaj);
-    ge_equals_gej(&a, &iaj);
-    ge_equals_gej(&a, &iac);
+            /* Test adding opposites. */
+            if ((i1 == 0 && i2 == 0) || ((i1 + 3)/4 == (i2 + 3)/4 && ((i1 + 3)%4)/2 != ((i2 + 3)%4)/2)) {
+                CHECK(secp256k1_ge_is_infinity(&ref));
+            }
+
+            /* Test adding infinity. */
+            if (i1 == 0) {
+                CHECK(secp256k1_ge_is_infinity(&ge[i1]));
+                CHECK(secp256k1_gej_is_infinity(&gej[i1]));
+                ge_equals_gej(&ref, &gej[i2]);
+            }
+            if (i2 == 0) {
+                CHECK(secp256k1_ge_is_infinity(&ge[i2]));
+                CHECK(secp256k1_gej_is_infinity(&gej[i2]));
+                ge_equals_gej(&ref, &gej[i1]);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* Test adding all points together in random order equals infinity. */
+    {
+        secp256k1_gej_t *gej_shuffled = malloc((4 * runs + 1) * sizeof(secp256k1_gej_t));
+        for (int i = 0; i < 4 * runs + 1; i++) {
+            gej_shuffled[i] = gej[i];
+        }
+        for (int i = 0; i < 4 * runs + 1; i++) {
+            int swap = i + secp256k1_rand32() % (4 * runs + 1 - i);
+            if (swap != i) {
+                secp256k1_gej_t t = gej_shuffled[i];
+                gej_shuffled[i] = gej_shuffled[swap];
+                gej_shuffled[swap] = t;
+            }
+        }
+        secp256k1_gej_t sum;
+        secp256k1_gej_set_infinity(&sum);
+        for (int i = 0; i < 4 * runs + 1; i++) {
+            secp256k1_gej_add_var(&sum, &sum, &gej_shuffled[i]);
+        }
+        CHECK(secp256k1_gej_is_infinity(&sum));
+        free(gej_shuffled);
+    }
+
+    /* Test batch gej -> ge conversion. */
+    {
+        secp256k1_ge_t *ge_set_all = malloc((4 * runs + 1) * sizeof(secp256k1_ge_t));
+        secp256k1_ge_set_all_gej_var(4 * runs + 1, ge_set_all, gej);
+        for (int i = 0; i < 4 * runs + 1; i++) {
+            ge_equals_gej(&ge_set_all[i], &gej[i]);
+        }
+        free(ge_set_all);
+    }
+
+    free(ge);
+    free(gej);
 }

 void run_ge(void) {
-    for (int i = 0; i < 2000*count; i++) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < count * 32; i++) {
        test_ge();
    }
 }
@ -949,6 +1111,44 @@ void run_ecdsa_sign_verify(void) {
    }
 }

+/** Dummy nonce generation function that just uses a precomputed nonce, and fails if it is not accepted. Use only for testing. */
+static int precomputed_nonce_function(unsigned char *nonce32, const unsigned char *msg32, const unsigned char *key32, unsigned int counter, const void *data) {
+    (void)msg32;
+    (void)key32;
+    memcpy(nonce32, data, 32);
+    return (counter == 0);
+}
+
+static int nonce_function_test_fail(unsigned char *nonce32, const unsigned char *msg32, const unsigned char *key32, unsigned int counter, const void *data) {
+   /* Dummy nonce generator that has a fatal error on the first counter value. */
+   if (counter == 0) return 0;
+   return nonce_function_rfc6979(nonce32, msg32, key32, counter - 1, data);
+}
+
+static int nonce_function_test_retry(unsigned char *nonce32, const unsigned char *msg32, const unsigned char *key32, unsigned int counter, const void *data) {
+   /* Dummy nonce generator that produces unacceptable nonces for the first several counter values. */
+   if (counter < 3) {
+       memset(nonce32, counter==0 ? 0 : 255, 32);
+       if (counter == 2) nonce32[31]--;
+       return 1;
+   }
+   if (counter < 5) {
+       static const unsigned char order[] = {
+           0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,
+           0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFE,
+           0xBA,0xAE,0xDC,0xE6,0xAF,0x48,0xA0,0x3B,
+           0xBF,0xD2,0x5E,0x8C,0xD0,0x36,0x41,0x41
+       };
+       memcpy(nonce32, order, 32);
+       if (counter == 4) nonce32[31]++;
+       return 1;
+   }
+   /* Retry rate of 6979 is negligible esp. as we only call this in determinstic tests. */
+   /* If someone does fine a case where it retries for secp256k1, we'd like to know. */
+   if (counter > 5) return 0;
+   return nonce_function_rfc6979(nonce32, msg32, key32, counter - 5, data);
+}
+
 void test_ecdsa_end_to_end(void) {
    unsigned char privkey[32];
    unsigned char message[32];
@ -1006,13 +1206,7 @@ void test_ecdsa_end_to_end(void) {

    /* Sign. */
    unsigned char signature[72]; int signaturelen = 72;
-    while(1) {
-        unsigned char rnd[32];
-        secp256k1_rand256_test(rnd);
-        if (secp256k1_ecdsa_sign(message, signature, &signaturelen, privkey, rnd) == 1) {
-            break;
-        }
-    }
+    CHECK(secp256k1_ecdsa_sign(message, signature, &signaturelen, privkey, NULL, NULL) == 1);
    /* Verify. */
    CHECK(secp256k1_ecdsa_verify(message, signature, signaturelen, pubkey, pubkeylen) == 1);
    /* Destroy signature and verify again. */
@ -1021,13 +1215,7 @@ void test_ecdsa_end_to_end(void) {

    /* Compact sign. */
    unsigned char csignature[64]; int recid = 0;
-    while(1) {
-        unsigned char rnd[32];
-        secp256k1_rand256_test(rnd);
-        if (secp256k1_ecdsa_sign_compact(message, csignature, privkey, rnd, &recid) == 1) {
-            break;
-        }
-    }
+    CHECK(secp256k1_ecdsa_sign_compact(message, csignature, privkey, NULL, NULL, &recid) == 1);
    /* Recover. */
    unsigned char recpubkey[65]; int recpubkeylen = 0;
    CHECK(secp256k1_ecdsa_recover_compact(message, csignature, recpubkey, &recpubkeylen, pubkeylen == 33, recid) == 1);
@ -1077,7 +1265,7 @@ void test_random_pubkeys(void) {
        CHECK(secp256k1_eckey_pubkey_serialize(&elem, in, &size, 0));
        CHECK(size == 65);
        CHECK(secp256k1_eckey_pubkey_parse(&elem2, in, size));
-        CHECK(ge_equals_ge(&elem,&elem2));
+        ge_equals_ge(&elem,&elem2);
        /* Check that the X9.62 hybrid type is checked. */
        in[0] = (r & 1) ? 6 : 7;
        res = secp256k1_eckey_pubkey_parse(&elem2, in, size);
@ -1086,7 +1274,7 @@ void test_random_pubkeys(void) {
            else CHECK(!res);
        }
        if (res) {
-            CHECK(ge_equals_ge(&elem,&elem2));
+            ge_equals_ge(&elem,&elem2);
            CHECK(secp256k1_eckey_pubkey_serialize(&elem, out, &size, 0));
            CHECK(memcmp(&in[1], &out[1], 64) == 0);
        }
@ -1280,6 +1468,12 @@ void test_ecdsa_edge_cases(void) {
            0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
            0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01,
        };
+        static const unsigned char nonce2[32] = {
+            0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,
+            0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFE,
+            0xBA,0xAE,0xDC,0xE6,0xAF,0x48,0xA0,0x3B,
+            0xBF,0xD2,0x5E,0x8C,0xD0,0x36,0x41,0x40
+        };
        const unsigned char key[32] = {
            0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
            0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
@ -1294,10 +1488,74 @@ void test_ecdsa_edge_cases(void) {
        };
        unsigned char sig[72];
        int siglen = 72;
-        CHECK(secp256k1_ecdsa_sign(msg, sig, &siglen, key, nonce) == 0);
+        CHECK(secp256k1_ecdsa_sign(msg, sig, &siglen, key, precomputed_nonce_function, nonce) == 0);
+        CHECK(secp256k1_ecdsa_sign(msg, sig, &siglen, key, precomputed_nonce_function, nonce2) == 0);
        msg[31] = 0xaa;
        siglen = 72;
-        CHECK(secp256k1_ecdsa_sign(msg, sig, &siglen, key, nonce) == 1);
+        CHECK(secp256k1_ecdsa_sign(msg, sig, &siglen, key, precomputed_nonce_function, nonce) == 1);
+        CHECK(secp256k1_ecdsa_sign(msg, sig, &siglen, key, precomputed_nonce_function, nonce2) == 1);
+        siglen = 10;
+        CHECK(secp256k1_ecdsa_sign(msg, sig, &siglen, key, precomputed_nonce_function, nonce) != 1);
+    }
+
+    /* Nonce function corner cases. */
+    {
+        unsigned char key[32];
+        unsigned char msg[32];
+        unsigned char sig[72];
+        memset(key, 0, 32);
+        memset(msg, 0, 32);
+        key[31] = 1;
+        msg[31] = 1;
+        int siglen = 72;
+        int recid;
+        /* Nonce function failure results in signature failure. */
+        CHECK(secp256k1_ecdsa_sign(msg, sig, &siglen, key, nonce_function_test_fail, NULL) == 0);
+        CHECK(secp256k1_ecdsa_sign_compact(msg, sig, key, nonce_function_test_fail, NULL, &recid) == 0);
+        /* The retry loop successfully makes its way to the first good value. */
+        unsigned char sig2[72];
+        int siglen2 = 72;
+        siglen = 72;
+        CHECK(secp256k1_ecdsa_sign(msg, sig, &siglen, key, nonce_function_test_retry, NULL) == 1);
+        CHECK(secp256k1_ecdsa_sign(msg, sig2, &siglen2, key, nonce_function_rfc6979, NULL) == 1);
+        CHECK((siglen == siglen2) && (memcmp(sig, sig2, siglen) == 0));
+        int recid2;
+        CHECK(secp256k1_ecdsa_sign_compact(msg, sig, key, nonce_function_test_retry, NULL, &recid) == 1);
+        CHECK(secp256k1_ecdsa_sign_compact(msg, sig2, key, nonce_function_rfc6979, NULL, &recid2) == 1);
+        CHECK((recid == recid2) && (memcmp(sig, sig2, 64) == 0));
+        /* The default nonce function is determinstic. */
+        siglen = 72;
+        siglen2 = 72;
+        CHECK(secp256k1_ecdsa_sign(msg, sig, &siglen, key, NULL, NULL) == 1);
+        CHECK(secp256k1_ecdsa_sign(msg, sig2, &siglen2, key, NULL, NULL) == 1);
+        CHECK((siglen == siglen2) && (memcmp(sig, sig2, siglen) == 0));
+        CHECK(secp256k1_ecdsa_sign_compact(msg, sig, key, NULL, NULL, &recid) == 1);
+        CHECK(secp256k1_ecdsa_sign_compact(msg, sig2, key, NULL, NULL, &recid2) == 1);
+        CHECK((recid == recid2) && (memcmp(sig, sig2, 64) == 0));
+        /* The default nonce function changes output with different messages. */
+        secp256k1_ecdsa_sig_t s[512];
+        for(int i=0; i<256; i++) {
+            siglen2 = 72;
+            msg[0] = i;
+            CHECK(secp256k1_ecdsa_sign(msg, sig2, &siglen2, key, NULL, NULL) == 1);
+            CHECK(secp256k1_ecdsa_sig_parse(&s[i], sig2, siglen2));
+            for (int j=0; j<i; j++) {
+                CHECK(!secp256k1_scalar_eq(&s[i].r, &s[j].r));
+            }
+        }
+        msg[0] = 0;
+        msg[31] = 2;
+        /* The default nonce function changes output with different keys. */
+        for(int i=256; i<512; i++) {
+            siglen2 = 72;
+            key[0] = i - 256;
+            CHECK(secp256k1_ecdsa_sign(msg, sig2, &siglen2, key, NULL, NULL) == 1);
+            CHECK(secp256k1_ecdsa_sig_parse(&s[i], sig2, siglen2));
+            for (int j=0; j<i; j++) {
+                CHECK(!secp256k1_scalar_eq(&s[i].r, &s[j].r));
+            }
+        }
+        key[0] = 0;
    }

    /* Privkey export where pubkey is the point at infinity. */
@ -1405,6 +1663,10 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv) {
    secp256k1_scalar_start();
    secp256k1_ecdsa_start();

+    run_sha256_tests();
+    run_hmac_sha256_tests();
+    run_rfc6979_hmac_sha256_tests();
+
 #ifndef USE_NUM_NONE
    /* num tests */
    run_num_smalltests();